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Space Travel (1) F. 2 Name/Class No. Basic principle and structure of a rocket Reaction force (upon the rocket) Load Action force (upon the gas) Oxidizing agent (Agent to speed up combustion) Fuel Diagram showing a rocket powered by liquid fuel 1. When the exhaust gas rushes out, the rocket is pushed forward by the _________________ acting on it. In other words, it makes use of Newton’s _________________________ to push itself forward. 2. Common fuel used in rockets powered by liquid fuel is _______________. Agent (or oxidizing agent) that can speed up combustion is ________________. Space Travel (2) F. 2 Name/Class No. A strange story: A mountain climbing team from a certain country was the first team to climb from the north to the highest mountain in the world, the Mount Everest. In order to celebrate the occasion, the captain shot horizontally using his ‘super gun’. A strange thing happened after 83 minutes. The captain was shot down at his shoulder. It was later discovered that he was shot by a bullet fired from his gun. Can you explain why this happen? First cosmic velocity and escape velocity (3) When the speed of the satellite reaches 11.2 km/sec, it will travel beyond the range of the Earth’s force of gravity. (2) When the speed of the satellite reaches 7.9 km/sec, it will move around the Earth. (1) If the satellite is launched at a speed less than 7.9 km/sec, it will fall to the Earth eventually. In order to fly off into the space, the spaceship must move at a speed greater than 7.9 km/sec. (I) First cosmic velocity (7.9 km/sec): If an object is being launched at such a speed, it can move ________________ . It will not return to the Earth. It will become ______________________. (II) Escape velocity (11.2 km/sec): If an object is being launched at such a speed, it can escape from ______________ and fly off into the space. Space Travel (3) F. 2 Name/Class No. Earth’s atmosphere The diagram below shows the structure of the Earth’s atmosphere. Complete the diagram by labeling the layers of the atmosphere and the characteristics of each layer on the diagram below. Cloud, rain, storm & typhoon Lots of ions reflecting radio waves Ozone layer Organisms living in this layer The highest altitude an aeroplane can fly Space starts here Satellites & spaceships begin to be found here Diagram showing the structure of the Earth’s atmosphere Characteristics of each layer 4. Exosphere Total darkness 3. _______________ a.___________________ b.___________________ Meteors c. ___________________ 2. _______________ 500 km d.___________________ e.___________________ 50 km 1. _______________ 13 km Air becomes thinner f.___________________ g___________________ The Earth