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OAHP
Central Passage Double-Pile Residence
The central passage double-pile type features a rectangular footprint and linear plan. An
axial passage traverses the building, separating the plan symmetrically with two rooms on either
side. Coupled with a centrally located door on the long façade and symmetrical fenestration
divided into bays, this building type exhibits a certain formality. Central passage double-pile
residences are typically either two or two-and-one-half stories in height, two rooms wide (plus
passage), two rooms deep, with two or four symmetrically placed chimneys. The roof is usually
side-gabled or hipped with parallel orientation to the building plan. This type originated in Great
Britain and scholars often refer to it as a Georgian plan. The type migrated to the United States
in the eighteenth century, where it remained prominent on the southeastern seaboard through the
nineteenth century. Central passage double-pile residences were constructed in a variety of
materials, including wood frame, masonry, and adobe.
Common elements:
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Rectangular footprint
Central hall with two rooms on either side
Two or two-and-one-half stories tall
Side-gabled or hipped roof
Two or four symmetrically placed chimneys
<< All architectural styles
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Cape Cod
Reverend Timothy Dwight coined the term Cape Cod in 1800 while on tour in New
England. Although no evidence exists the Cape Cod house originated in New England, it is
distinctly American despite its English origin. The building form was derived from small, one
story, rectangular homes with steep gables and tiny windows the Pilgrims built in England and
the Netherlands. Early Capes featured unbroken gable roofs pitched steeply enough to provide
living space (with headroom) underneath, eight-foot façades, massive chimneys located between
the gable ends, small multi-paned windows under the eaves, eaves and rakes projecting only a
few inches, no exterior ornamentation, frame construction with shingle or clapboard siding, and a
first floor with three main rooms each heated with a fireplace.
Near the end of the Great Depression, the Cape Cod building type was revived in the United
States. The size and symbolism of the home made it appealing. Cape Cods were both
economical and adaptable small houses and boasted colonial imagery with perceived links to
American patriotism. The Cape Cod was one of the most common house types built in the 1930s
and remained popular in the immediate postwar years until the Ranch type gained widespread
popularity in the 1950s. The revival of the Cape Cod was largely due to architect Royal Barry
Willis who published his designs in newspapers and magazines and won numerous awards in the
1930s and 1940s. Willis and other architects changed the 1800s Cape Cod considerably for
modern life. Windows were enlarged for greater ventilation and light, the front door and
chimney were placed off center, dormers were added to the front (many also had shed roof
dormers on the rear), and wings were added to stretch the length of the home, often to include an
attached garage. Willis’ designs still retained many visual elements of earlier Cape Cods. His
homes were low in profile with moderately pitched side gable roofs and large chimneys. They
also featured paneled front doors with simple classical doorways and shuttered multi-paned
windows. There was no standard interior plan for contemporary Cape Cod houses. However, in
most one-and-one-half story houses, the staircase was located behind the front door just as it had
been in the early Capes of the 1800s.
In Colorado, like the rest of the nation, Cape Cods were built either as a one-story house with no
dormers or a one- and-one-half story house with gable roofed dormers. Most exhibited
horizontal wood or shingle siding, but some existing models feature brick veneer or stone
siding. Most Colorado Cape Cods were constructed between 1933 and 1956, with later revivals
following the Vietnam Conflict. The modest Cape Cod type held an appeal through the years
because it was an economical and simple design builders could copy without the benefit of an
architect.
Common elements:
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3.
4.
5.
Steeply pitched side gable roof
Minimal eaves or no rakes
Decorative shutters
Gable roof dormers
Façade wall height of seven to eight feet
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Bungalow
Following closely the philosophy of utility and simplicity which characterized the Arts and
Crafts movement, the Bungalow became its physical manifestation. As the most common
expression of Craftsman style architecture, the residential Bungalow spread quickly across the
country during the early 20th century. In Colorado, this type of architecture was popular from
1900 to around 1930 and is evident in practically every city and town statewide.
The typical Bungalow is a one or one-and-one-half story, clapboard wood or masonry
structure with a gently pitched, front or side gable roof, overhanging eaves, broad porches, and
simple horizontal lines. An additional gable occasionally covers an open porch and the overhang
is usually supported by battered porch piers or thick columns. Some Bungalows have clipped
gables, shed dormers, or exposed rafter ends, but almost all have a front porch.
While the vast majority of Bungalows incorporate the Craftsman style, examples may be
found in Mission, Pueblo Revival and Mediterranean styles.
Common elements:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
front gable roof
side gable
exposed rafter ends
large front porch with battered piers
pent-roofed bay
clipped gable
overhanging eaves
<< All architectural styles
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Bi-Level
The Bi-Level came into popularity in the early 1960s as a variation of the ranch type. The
raised or garden level basement makes the lower level more livable by allowing the lower
windows to be larger and above grade. The lower level usually contains a family room, a
bedroom, bathroom, and utility room. The upper level includes the living room, kitchen,
bathroom and additional bedrooms.
The main entry is at grade, either centered on the façade or next to an attached garage. The entry
opens onto the mid-level landing of the main stair. A short flight of steps up or down leads to
the living areas. In the center entry form, a short flight of steps generally connects the garage to
the basement utility room.; When the main entry is adjacent to the garage, an interior garage door
opens directly onto the main stair landing.
The lower level exterior is often faced in brick. The upper level is generally sheathed in
wood, vinyl or aluminum siding. The upper level façade often projects over the lower level. In
such examples, the entry is flush with the lower level, giving the entrance the appearance of
being recessed.
Early examples in 1960 and 1961 were variously described by builders as “two-level homes,”
“raised ranches,” ‘”bi-levels,” and “two-level split ranches.” One builder briefly used the term
“splanch,” apparently a contraction of split-level and ranch. By the mid-1960s, builders and real
estate agents universally employed the term "bi-level" to characterize this residential form. This
building type experienced its greatest popularity from the 1960s to the 1980s.
Common elements:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Raised basement; windows at or slightly above grade – no window wells
Mid-level main entry
Central entry most common
Upper level projecting façade
Garage wing with separate roof line
Rear deck from upper level
<< All architectural styles
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Basement House
The basement or half-house dates predominantly from the period immediately after World
War II. The residences were promoted as affordable housing for returning veterans. The roof
supports were designed as sub-floors so that a second or main level could be built as funds
permitted. Most basement houses were later finished as one or two-story houses, or were
demolished to permit the construction of a more conventional house. Unaltered surviving
examples are very rare.
Basement houses are characterized by their raised basement configuration, rectangular plan, atgrade stairway entrance, and flat or gently pitched gable roof. Most basement houses were
constructed of concrete although some were built using concrete blocks below grade and stucco,
brick or even wood siding above grade.
Common elements:
1.
2.
3.
4.
majority of building below grade
flat or gently pitched gable roof
concrete construction
at-grade entry to stairwell
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A-Frame
The A-Frame form achieved popularity in the 1960s as vacation homes, ski huts, and other
simple residential buildings. The form is defined by the steeply pitched gable roof whose eaves
extend to grade. The roof forms the walls on the two side elevations. The interior is generally
an open plan with living, dining and kitchen facilities on the lower level and a sleeping loft
above. A gable balcony off the loft is common. Occasionally, dormers may be used to increase
loft space and illumination. The simplicity of the form facilitated the production of A-Frames as
kit structures.
A-Frames are widely distributed across Colorado, though more commonly found in the
mountains and in recreational communities. While predominately residential, the form is
occasionally found in commercial and retail facilities.
Common elements:
1. steeply pitched front gable roof
2. roof eaves extend to grade
3. rectangular plan
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Denver City & County (S-Z)
S T U V W Z Numbers
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S
Sacred Heart School
2830 Lawrence St.
State Register 3/8/2000, 5DV.997
Constructed in 1890, the Romanesque Revival style building is a good example of a late
19th century urban educational facility. Classrooms were located so as to optimize
ventilation and natural lighting, and the building’s solid brick construction and elaborate
detailing reflected the perceived importance of education. High school classes met in the
building until 1939, and it continued to serve the elementary student population until
1979. The school was noted for its performing arts program, and the open, centrallylocated auditorium/gymnasium was often utilized by the community.
San Rafael Historic District
Bounded by Washington, E. 26th Ave., Downing & E. 20th Ave.
National Register 6/20/1986, 5DV.202
Houses in this middle-class residential neighborhood date from the early 1870s to the
1920s. Of architectural interest is the chronological progression of the district from early
wood frame and Italianate style buildings to large and elegant Queen Anne houses. The
district also includes several terrace-type apartment buildings, two-story carriage houses,
and six churches. (Calvary Baptist Church, 2011 photograph.)
George Schleier Mansion
1665 Grant St.
National Register 11/17/1977, 5DV.138
Denver architect Frank E. Edbrooke was commissioned to build this mansion in the 1880s
for George Schleier, a successful Denver businessman. The house is built of red sandstone
in the Queen Anne style, and its most distinguishing feature is an onion domed
tower. There are a total of eight ornate fireplaces, and the use of elaborate plaster
composition ornamentation is evident throughout the interior.
Schlessinger House
1544 Race St.
National Register 11/14/1979, 5DV.150
Designed in 1890 by William Lang, an important Denver architect, the house was
purchased in 1897 by Timothy S. Schlessinger, a prominent local businessman. The house
is constructed of pseudo-rusticated brick, which may have been specially made for
Lang. The design is eclectic, expressing the architect’s love of complexity and
contradiction. There are several stained glass windows and exterior decorative carvings
with floral and leaf motifs.
George Schmidt House / Brewmaster’s House Zang Brewery
2345 7th St.
National Register 10/29/1976, 5DV.200
Designed by William Quayle, this High Victorian Queen Anne style home dates from the
late 1880s. The original owner was George Schmidt, brewmaster for the Zang
Brewery. The two-story house is built of red brick and has a rusticated stone
foundation. The interior features a carved oak stairway, hand-grained woodwork and
doors, carved hardwood mantels, and built-in cabinets.
Sheedy Mansion (Grant Street Mansion)
1115 Grant St.
National Register 8/4/2004, 5DV.740
The 1892 Sheedy Mansion, with its associated carriage house, is a good example of late
Victorian era eclecticism, combining the massing and roof forms typical of Queen Anne
residential architecture with Richardsonian Romanesque detailing, specifically in its
window treatments. The Sheedy Mansion is one of the best surviving examples of its type
and period of construction. Two recognized masters in the field of architecture, Erasmus
Theodore Carr and William Pratt Feth, designed the residence. Having achieved
prominence for their work in Kansas, the Sheedy Mansion is the only known Colorado
commission for either architect. The building conveys a sense of the residential lifestyle
associated with Denver’s most prosperous families. Its original owner, Dennis Sheedy,
was one of Denver’s most successful business leaders through his management of the
Denver Dry Goods department store and his positions in the city’s banking and mining
enterprises. More information (PDF, 2.43 MB).
Sherman Street Historic District
1000 block of Sherman St. (partial)
National Register 10/27/2004, 5DV.9154
The Sherman Street Historic District is an integral part of the development of the urban
apartment in Denver. In particular, the district consists of an intact collection of three-story
walk-up apartments built during the period 1929 to 1950. The district contains at least
seven, and possibly eight, apartment buildings designed by prominent local architect
Charles Dunwoody Strong. Though relatively unrecognized in the ranks of Denver’s
modernist architects, Strong’s body of work includes important contributions to the city’s
evolving modernist interpretations of Art Deco, Art Modern and International Style
architecture. The buildings exhibit Charles Strong’s stylistic progression from 1936 to
1950. (2004 photograph.) More information (PDF, 1.5 MB).
Sixth Avenue Community Church
3250 East Sixth Avenue
National Register 12/17/2010, 5DV.10975
The 1925 Sixth Avenue Community Church is an excellent example of Mission style
architecture as applied to an ecclesiastical building. The prominent hipped roof square
tower with iron balconies, curvilinear shaped parapets, and rounded arched windows are
the most character defining features of the style found on the church. Other features of the
style include a gabled roof, terra cotta decorative elements, and overhanging eaves with
decoratively cut exposed rafters. The church is the work of distinguished Colorado
architect William Norman Bowman whose work includes over 35 known buildings in the
state.
Frank I. Smith House
1435 Stuart St.
National Register 7/19/1982, 5DV.654
The Frank I. Smith House is one of a series of six designed by prominent Denver architects
William Lang and Marshall Pugh for real estate developer Ralph Voorhees. For many
years, the house was the home of Frank Smith, his wife, and their six children. The
architects were influenced by the Richardsonian Romanesque style in the design of this
two-story stone building. The most distinctive features of the 1891 residence are the 2½story entry bay with arched entry and the square corner tower. The property is associated
with the West Colfax Subdivision Historic Structures Thematic Resource.
Frank L. Smith House
1801 York St.
National Register 9/26/1985, 5DV.907
Frank Smith, an officer in the Mine and Smelter Supply Co. co-founded by his father, Eben
Smith, commissioned the residence and adjoining carriage house in 1902. Prominent
Denver architect William Fisher, in partnership with Daniel Huntington, designed the
house in the French Eclectic style. The high quality materials, craftsmanship and attention
to decorative detail became a Fisher hallmark.
Milo A. Smith House
1360 Birch St.
National Register 7/3/1997, 5DV.5178
Built in 1890 by Milo A. Smith, an early developer of Denver subdivisions and streetcar
lines, the residence exhibits an interesting mix of architectural detailing, apparently
resulting from a series of modifications made by Smith in order to update and showcase the
property. Strong elements of the original Queen Anne styling remain in the multi-gabled
roof with its elaborately trimmed gable ends.
Pierce T. Smith House
1751 Gilpin St.
National Register 9/20/1984, 5DV.1487
Architect Glen W. Huntington designed this house in 1891 for Denver dentist Pierce T.
Smith. The house exemplifies the basic form of the Queen Anne style in residential
architecture.
Smith’s Chapel (Denver Inner City Parish)
912 Galapago St.
State Register 12/8/2004, 5DV.27
The 1882 Smith’s Chapel is notable for its extensive use of Castle Rock-quarried
rhyolite. Denver architects and builders used rhyolite both as a primary structural stone
and for foundation and architectural accents during the late 19th century. Smith’s Chapel
is an early example of the volcanic stone used as a primary structural material with
sandstone detailing. The chapel is a good local example of Gothic Revival style
ecclesiastical architecture in Denver. Though the building suffered some loss of integrity
through the replacement of the original windows and doors, and the construction of a major
addition, the overall original exterior design remains visible in its plan, masonry
construction, and pointed arch window and door openings. More information (PDF, 986
kb).
Smith’s Irrigation Ditch / City Ditch / Big Ditch
Washington Park
National Register 10/8/1976, 5DV.181.3
The approximately 27-mile long irrigation channel was first surveyed and constructed
between 1860 and 1867. The ditch began in Waterton Canyon, located southwest of
Denver, as a diversion of the South Platte River and ultimately terminated in City Park’s
Ferril Lake. In addition to supporting the efforts of local farmers, water flowing through
the ditch and its laterals enhanced the development of Denver’s extensive park and
parkway system and contributed to the planting of trees, lawns, and gardens within the
residential neighborhoods along its path. Although pipelines now carry much of the flow
through Denver, the 1¼-mile segment within Washington Park the ditch remains opens as
an important feature of the landscape.
South Marion Street Parkway
S. Marion St. Pkwy. from E. Virginia to E. Bayaud Ave. at Downing
National Register 9/17/1986, 5DV.5329
George Kessler and Saco R. DeBoer are credited with the design of the half-mile parkway
executed between 1909 and 1913. The half-mile South Marion and Downing Street
Parkways serve as a connection between the Speer Boulevard/Cherry Creek corridor and
Washington Park. Both are heavily planted with flowering trees and form an important
line in the Flower Trail developed in the Denver park and parkway system by Saco R.
DeBoer. The property is associated with the Denver Park and Parkway System Thematic
Resource.
South Platte River Bridge
I-25
National Register 10/15/2002, 5DV.7072
Joined and widened in 1970, the 1951 steel girder ribbed deck arch bridges are rare
surviving structures associated with the early development of the Valley Highway, the
predecessor to I-25 through the Denver’s central corridor. Crossing the South Platte River
and a bike trail to the east of Sports Authority Field at Mile High, the five spans run for a
total of 384 feet, with the main span running for 173 feet. The structures were designed by
Crocker & Ryan, fabricated by Midwest Steel & Iron Works, and constructed by Pete
Seerie, Inc. Listed under the Highway Bridges in Colorado Multiple Property
Submission. More information (PDF, 1.67 MB).
Spangler House
1444 Stuart St.
National Register 7/19/1982, 5DV.655
The Spangler House is one of a series of six designed by prominent Denver architects
William Lang and Marshall Pugh for real estate developer Ralph Voorhees. For many
years, the house was home to Jane Spangler, widow of former Arapahoe County sheriff
Mike Spangler. She moved to this house in the late 1890s to be near her sister, Mrs. Ralph
Voorhees. The architects were influenced by the Romanesque style in the design of this
1891 2½-story stone and shingle-sided building. The entry to the house is through a porch
with a round arched entry of large radiating stone voussoirs. The property is associated
with the West Colfax Subdivision Historic Structures Thematic Resource.
Speer Boulevard
Speer from W. Colfax to Downing
National Register 9/17/1986, 5DV.5330
This key 1.1-mile diagonal transit way, designed by the nationally-known planner George
Kessler, symbolizes and commemorates, in planning, design, construction, embellishment,
and planting, the City Beautiful movement in Denver. It also conveys the political
leadership and citizen support which made the Denver park and parkway system the city’s
historic design legacy. Embellishments, in addition to the street tree and median plantings,
include the historic Cherry Creek (set within retaining walls in the median of the
boulevard), a number of bridges which cross Cherry Creek, and several triangular grassed
and treed areas (called the Speer Boulevard triangles) adjacent to the
boulevard. Construction took place between 1906 and 1918. The design is credited to both
George Kessler and Saco R. DeBoer. The property is associated with the Denver Park and
Parkway System Thematic Resource.
Spratlen-Anderson Wholesale Grocery Company (Edbrooke Lofts)
1450 Wynkoop St.
National Register 12/3/1985, 5DV.47.71
Designed by Frank E. Edbrooke, the five-story 1905 warehouse received an additional
floor in 1911. The building is constructed of molded and pressed brick and reflects
elements of the Neoclassical Revival style in its massing and trim. Founded in 1897,
Spratlen-Anderson, was a successful Denver wholesale grocery business that expanded into
the building upon its completion and remained there until the company was dissolved in
1923. The subsequent owner, Davis Brothers Drug Company, occupied the building until
1957.
St. Andrews Episcopal Church
2015 Glenarm Pl.
National Register 3/18/1975, 5DV.116
St. Andrews Episcopal Church, originally named Trinity Memorial Church, was designed
in the Gothic style in 1909 by architect Ralph Adams Cram. It is a small L-shaped
structure built of brick with limestone lintels and a slate roof. The exterior is ornamented
with wooden Gothic tracery on the windows and porches. Saint Andrews became famous
as a teaching center for churches throughout the country and many ceremonial practices
which were introduced there.
St. Dominic’s Church
3005 W. 29th Ave.
National Register 11/1/1996, 5DV.606
The 1926 St. Dominic’s Church, designed by noted Denver architect Robert Willison, is
significant as an important local example of ecclesiastical architecture executed in the Late
Gothic Revival style. On the interior, the scale, proportion and architectural relationships
have not been diminished by modifications made to accommodate the congregation’s
evolving needs.
St. Elizabeth’s Church
1062 11th St.
National Register 12/1/1969, 5DV.128
St. Elizabeth’s Church was designed by Brother Adrian, O.F.M. of the Sacred Heart
province, in the German Gothic style in 1898. It is constructed of rhyolite quarried at
Castle Rock. The interior features carved wooden statues from Germany and painted and
stained glass windows given by early parishioners. St. Elizabeth’s parish, the second
Catholic parish to be established in Denver, was created in 1878.
St. Elizabeth’s Retreat Chapel / Oakes Home for Consumptives
2825 W. 32nd Ave.
National Register 5/24/1976, 5DV.129
The chapel was originally part of the Oakes Home for Consumptives founded by Reverend
Frederick W. Oakes who served as its first and only superintendent and chaplain. Architect
Frederick G. Sterner designed the 1903 building. The tuberculosis home closed in 1934
and the original buildings comprising the complex were razed in 1975 to allow for new
construction, leaving the chapel as the only original structure. The complex claims to be
the first home for tubercular patients in Colorado and the second in the nation.
St. Ignatius Catholic Church
E. 23rd Ave. at York St.
State Register 11/9/1994, National Register 12/23/1994, 5DV.7028
Designed by Denver architects Frank Frewen and Frederick Mountjoy, the 1924 Catholic
church represents their only known use of the Gothic Tudor style. The high quality of its
antique stained glass windows and the spectacular hand-painted stenciling add to the
impressive character of the interior.
St. John’s Cathedral
1313 Clarkson St.
National Register 8/1/1975, 5DV.171
This cathedral was constructed between 1905 and 1911. It was designed in the Gothic
Revival style by architects Tracy and Swartwout of New York, winners of a national
competition for its design. The building is constructed of dressed Indiana limestone, and
there are two towers reaching 100 feet in height, which contain bells cast in Westphalia,
Germany. The cathedral represents a continuation of the First Episcopal Parish, originating
in Denver in 1860.
St. Joseph’s Polish Roman Catholic Church
517 E. 46th Ave.
National Register 4/21/1983, 5DV.782
The Gothic style church was constructed in 1902 to serve members of the Polish immigrant
community living in the early Denver suburb of Globeville. The walls are of brick, the
window and door openings are set in pointed arches, and the front gabled roof is steeply
pitched. The façade is distinguished by a central narthex, which includes a tall bell tower
that is topped with a conical spire. St. Joseph’s was the twelfth Catholic parish in Denver,
and it also served members of the Croatian and Slovenian families living in the area.
St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church
600 Galapago
National Register 6/3/1982, 5DV.25
Built in 1888-89, this church is constructed of painted brick in the Late Victorian Gothic
style. Gothic details are also reflected in the interior’s system of pointed arched
intersecting trusses and interior columns that are decorated with ornamental millwork. The
Church is located in the historic working class Westside neighborhood, and as such,
represented an important institution to its residents.
St. Mark’s Parish Church
1160 Lincoln
National Register 9/18/1975, 5DV.170
The 1889 St. Mark’s Parish Church was designed by Denver architects Lang and
Pugh. The exterior of the church is faced in buff Longmont sandstone and the interior is
finished in rough-hewn native stone, paneled oak, and black ash trim. Its design is best
described as Gothic Revival, although a tower and turret at the front entry were removed in
the early 1950s due to structural problems. In addition to religious services and
ceremonies, the Parish also sponsored musical and dramatic performances that became
popular social gatherings. More information (PDF, 3.79 MB).
St. Patrick Mission Church
3325 Pecos
National Register 11/14/1979, 5DV.109
The St. Patrick Mission Church complex, comprised of the church, rectory, and an arcaded
connecting walkway, is constructed of smooth-dressed buff stone. Reflecting the Mission
style, the roof is covered with red barrel tiles, and the domes which cap the towers are of
painted sheet metal. The complex, designed by the Denver architectural firm of Wagner
and Manning, was begun in 1907 and completed in 1910. At the time of its construction,
the Mission style was considered unusual in the city of Denver, although reflective of its
western character.
St. Paul’s English Evangelical Lutheran Church
1600 Grant St.
National Register 9/30/1997, 5DV.2687
Completed in 1926, the Gothic Revival style building, of dark red brick and precast
concrete, was designed by the architectural firm of Richter and Eiler of Reading,
Pennsylvania, specialists in the design of Lutheran churches. The church’s location, less
than two blocks from the State Capitol building, has resulted in the building serving both as
a place of worship and as a community center.
St. Philomena’s Catholic Parish School
940 Fillmore St.
National Register 5/4/2011, 5DV.10941
The 1924 Saint Philomena’s Catholic Parish School is architecturally significant as an
excellent example of the Collegiate Gothic style. The prominent square towers with cast
stone crenellation, arched entrances, stepped brick pilasters with sloping cast stone coping,
multi-paned windows and cast stone ornamentation are some of the most characterdefining features of the style found on the school. A sensitive 1964 addition sits at the
north end of the school. The school and addition are the work of distinguished Colorado
architect John K. Monroe whose work includes over sixteen known buildings in the
state. The school is also important for its long association of educating local Denver area
schoolchildren since it opened in 1924, which it continues today for K-12 students. More
information (PDF, 1.36 MB).
St. Stephen’s Episcopal Church / Church of the Holy Redeemer
2552 Williams St.
State Register 8/31/2006, 5DV.7024
Recently arrived Caucasian English immigrants collaborated with African Americans
fleeing racial violence in the South to form the Church of the Holy Redeemer in
1892. From their 1931 move to this site, the building’s strategic location in a racially
charged section of the city allowed the integrated congregation to set a continual standard
of racial tolerance, courage, and service to the community. As originally constructed, the
1910 sanctuary of the then St. Stephen’s Episcopal Church is a significant example of the
Gothic Revival style as designed by the prominent Denver architectural firm of William E.
Fisher and Arthur A. Fisher. St. Stephen’s is one of only three churches known to have
been designed by the Fishers in Denver. More information (PDF, 387 kb).
St. Thomas Theological Seminary (St. John Vianney Theological Seminary)
1300 S. Steele St.
National Register 7/27/1989, 5DV.729
The St. Thomas Theological Seminary is comprised of a complex of buildings generally
grouped around a quadrangle. The first building was outgrown fifteen years after its
construction in 1908. The subsequent Mediterranean Revival style buildings designed by
Jules J.B. Benedict, a well known Denver architect, include exceptional brickwork with
multi-colored patterned designs decorating both the interior and exterior of several
buildings. Benedict apparently intended to reflect the Lombard architecture associated
with northern Italy, and the resulting buildings are among the finest examples of this style
in the Denver area. The property is associated with The Architecture of Jules Jacques
Benois Benedict in Colorado Multiple Property Submission.
Stanley Arms
1321-1333 E. 10th Ave.
National Register 7/15/1999, 5DV.5743
After retiring in 1938 from a distinguished career as a medical researcher at Johns Hopkins
University, Dr. Florence Rena Sabin returned to Denver and established her home in the
Stanley Arms. While living and working there, she authored Colorado’s 1947 health
legislation, created a program of public health education, and brought about a major
reduction in Denver’s tuberculosis mortality rate. The building is an excellent example of
early International Style architecture in Colorado. Denver architect Walter H. Simon
designed the building in 1937, incorporating Moderne influences with the International
Style
Stanley School / Montclair School (Paddington Station Preschool)
1301 Quebec St.
National Register 2/13/2007, 5DV.9942
The Stanley School (also known as the Montclair School) is associated with the
educational history of Denver's Montclair neighborhood. Except for a few years in the
early 1980s, the building has been used continuously as a school since its 1891
opening. After the city of Denver annexed Montclair in 1902, the building became part of
the Denver Public School District. Several neighborhood generations received their
elementary education at the school, which included one of Denver's earliest public
kindergarten programs. Denver architect John J. Huddart designed the original building
and Denver architect David Owen Tryba planned the 1991 addition. (2006
photograph.) More information (PDF, 124 kb).
Stearns House
1030 Logan
National Register 6/3/1982, 5DV.341
The mansion is one of the few surviving examples of the work of architect Harry T.E.
Wendell. He designed the house in 1896 for the John E. Stearns family. The building is
one of the few in the Capitol Hill neighborhood showing the influence of Spanish/Mission
style architecture. Stearns served as president of the Mountain Electric Company until his
death in 1920. More information (PDF, 2.83 MB).
Robert W. Steele Gymnasium
3914 King St.
State Register 11/9/1994, 5DV.4629
The 1914 building represents the impact of the early 20th century Progressive Movement
in Denver. The gymnasium was the idea of the Reverend Walter S. Rudolph and his wife,
Hattie. The facility was erected to house recreational and social activities for children as a
means of filling their leisure time and preventing juvenile delinquency. The building was
named for Colorado Supreme Court Justice Robert Steele. Steele took a special interest in
juvenile justice.
Stonemen’s Row Historic District
South side 28th Ave. between Umatilla & Vallejo St.
National Register 1/5/1984, 5DV.1480
The eight duplexes which comprise Stonemen’s Row form a small, but unusually
harmonious, historic district. They were built between 1891 and 1893, by newly
prosperous stone workers as investment properties. Their façades reflect the heaviness and
weight characteristic of the Romanesque Revival style. (2000 photograph.)
Sugar Building
1530 16th St.
National Register 2/17/1978, 5DV.47.65
The 1906 Sugar Building is located in the heart of Denver’s early warehouse
district. Designed by the architectural firm of Gove and Walsh as a four-story warehouse,
a two-story addition was added in 1912, also by Gove and Walsh. The building forms a
basic cube, with exterior walls of tan colored brick ornamented with terra cotta. The
building originally housed the Great Western Sugar Company, a leader in the sugar beet
industry, and a major influence on the economy of Colorado.
Sunken Gardens
Bounded by Speer Blvd., W. 8th Ave., Delaware & Elati Sts.
National Register 9/17/1986, 5DV.24
The gardens are both a neighborhood park and an embellishment for Speer
Boulevard. George Kessler and Saco R. DeBoer both had a hand in the design executed in
1909-11. The park incorporates many of the key conventions of late 19th century and early
20th century park design, including an informal forested vale which merges into an open,
symmetrical space which in turn functions visually as a formal manor house, garden-like
setting for Denver’s West High School. The property is associated with the Denver Park
and Parkway System Thematic Resource.
Swallow Hill Historic District
Bounded by Clarkson St., E. 17th Ave., Downing St. & E. Colfax Ave.
National Register 1/7/1988, 5DV.2683
The district is architecturally significant for its collection of Queen Anne residences
designed by many of Denver’s prominent late 19th and early 20th century
architects. Among those represented are Lang and Pugh, Balcomb and Rice, Varian and
Sterner, James Murdock, A.M. Stuckart, and Frank Edbrooke.
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Tallmadge & Boyer Block
2926-2942 Zuni
National Register 10/21/1982, 5DV.663
Constructed in 1891, the first floor of the three-story building was divided into six
commercial spaces, and there were two floors of apartments above. The façade is of
pressed brick with Manitou red sandstone trim. Charles E. Tallmadge was an early resident
of Denver and played a part in the city’s early real estate boom. John C. Boyer was a
lumber company foreman, and the Tallmadge and Boyer Block was one of their real estate
ventures.
Tears-McFarlane House
1290 Williams St.
National Register 1/11/1976, 5DV.180
Designed in 1898 by architect Frederick Sterner, the three-story Georgian Revival style
house is constructed of red brick. Except for the kitchen and baths, all thirteen rooms
include a fireplace. Circa 1897 Daniel W. Tears, for whom the house was built, came to
Denver for his health. The Tears were prominent socialites and he was Associate Counsel
for the New York Central Railroad. Ida Cruse McFarlane, the wife of a later owner, was
one of the founders of the Central City Festival.
Telephone Building
931 14th St.
National Register 1/26/2005, 5DV.522
The 1929 Telephone Building is important for its association with the growth and
development of telephone communications in Denver and the Rocky Mountain
region. The building served as the headquarters of the seven-state region Mountain States
Telephone and Telegraph (later Mountain Bell) from 1929 until 1984. Architecturally, the
building is one of the finest examples in the country of the American Perpendicular style,
designated by the Bell system as "Modern American Perpendicular Gothic." The
distinctive characteristics of the style reflected in the building are the expressed verticality,
steel framework, terra cotta sheathing, varied setbacks, continuous piers, stylized towers,
recessed spandrels, and Gothic Revival style ornament. The building is the largest and
most important commercial design of prominent Denver architect William N.
Bowman. Bowman designed the building in conjunction with local Bell system engineers
and it was erected by local builders and craftsman utilizing a variety of products from
around the state. The building’s design took advantage of the setback provision of the
city’s zoning ordinance, permitting buildings to rise higher than the nominal height limit of
twelve stories if higher stories were setback from the wall-plane.
The building exhibits high artistic values, reflected in the intricate planning, lavish detail,
and high quality craftsmanship displayed in its interior and exterior design. The terra cotta
integral to the design of the building is among the finest crafted in Denver incorporates
Gothic Revival design motifs, and includes mottled and polychromatic components,
ornament in varied relief, extensive decorated panels, ornate arches, and massive
piers. The Gothic Revival influence is echoed on the interior, which also includes aesthetic
elements incorporating the history of telephone service in the state and representing
emblems of the telephone company. The interior reflects the influence of noted Denver
artist Allen True who selected color palettes, designed fixtures, and advised the architect
regarding the choice of materials. The artist believed that beautiful surroundings had a
positive psychological effect on workers, and he was a leader in the city in advocating
carefully planned color schemes and artistic decoration for large office buildings. As part
of this effort, True executed thirteen murals with communications and telephonic themes
which grace the public spaces of the building. These murals are considered among True’s
most outstanding work.
Finally, the Telephone Building is important in the area of engineering, for the
technological advances embodied in its composition and construction. The architect and
engineers worked in conjunction to design a building which would structurally meet the
challenging practical needs of the telephone company while also serving aesthetic
considerations. The building was erected to house the special equipment making possible
the introduction of telephone dial service to Denver. The building was designed with an
innovative independently fireproof core rising from the subbasement to the roof. The
property is associated with the Historic Resources of Downtown Denver Multiple Property
Submission.
Temple Emanuel
2400 Curtis
National Register 10/10/1978, 5DV.144
This temple was the first major Jewish synagogue in the Denver area when it was built in
1882. Designed by prominent architect Willoughby J. Edbrooke, and supervised in Denver
by his brother Frank E. Edbrooke, its original appearance was eclectic Victorian with
Moorish and Romanesque details. A fire destroyed most of the building in 1897, and the
brick and stone trimmed temple was rebuilt with simplified and more subtle detailing on a
design by Frank Edbrooke.
Temple Emanuel / First Southern Baptist Church (Temple Events Center)
1595 Pearl St.
National Register 11/25/1987, 5DV.715
Temple Emanuel’s eastern Islamic architecture is unusual in Denver and the region as a
whole. The original 1898-99 building was designed by John J. Humphreys. A 1924
addition was designed by his apprentice, Thielman Robert Wieger. Faced with buffcolored brick, the façade features minaret-like towers with walkways and Turkish-style
copper domes. Geometric and floral motifs are prevalent design elements on both the
exterior and interior.
Temple Emanuel
51 Grape St.
National Register 3/28/2003, 5DV.8272
Architect Percival Goodman designed both the original 1956 building for Temple Emanuel
and the 1960 sanctuary addition. Goodman was an internationally respected architect,
known for his use of modern design in Jewish synagogues. He wrote extensively on
synagogue design and became the most influential and prolific synagogue architect of his
time. Temple Emanuel is the only example of Goodman’s work in Colorado. It is also one
of Goodman’s largest and most sophisticated examples of his work in the Usonian
style. (2000 photograph.)
H.H. Thomas House
2104 Glenarm Pl.
National Register 5/30/1975, 5DV.134
H.H. Thomas, a businessman dealing in real estate and loans, hired the popular architect,
William Quayle, to design and build his home during the 1870s. Its styling includes both
High Victorian and Second Empire elements. The façade of the two-story red brick
residence features a large open porch. Louis C. McClure, a prominent Colorado landscape
photographer, occupied the house from 1883 well into the 20th century.
Tilden School for Teaching Health
W. Fairview Pl. and Grove St.
National Register 9/7/1995, 5DV.2768
The Tilden School for Teaching Health is an example of an early 20th century sanitarium
utilizing nontraditional health techniques. The school was founded and operated by Dr.
John Henry Tilden who developed and widely published the health techniques employed
there. The school is representative of early 20th century medical facility design as
expressed by Denver architect Harry W.J. Edbrooke.
Tivoli Brewery Company
1320-1348 10th St.
National Register 4/11/1973, 5DV.119
The main building of the Tivoli Brewery complex is a four-story brick structure built in
1882. It is joined to a High Victorian Italianate style tower building, constructed between
1890-1891, by a shallow three-story brick overpass that forms a covered entry to the
courtyard between the two buildings. The complex housed the Milwaukee Brewery
Company, an early Denver brewery. In 1901 the company merged with the Union Brewing
Company to form the Tivoli-Union Brewery Company. With the exception of a break
during Prohibition, the plant operated continuously until the mid-1960s. More information
(PDF, 2.19 MB).
Townsend House
1765 Gilpin St.
State Register 12/9/1992, 5DV.2452
The Geddis and Seerie Stone Company built the Townsend House in 1892. Primarily
involved in large contracts, including the Brown Palace Hotel and various public buildings,
the firm built few residences, and fewer yet still stand. Constructed of double-glazed red
brick with sandstone accents and foundation, the house is an example of Denver’s
architectural transition from Victorian era styles to the Neoclassical.
Tramway Building (Teatro Hotel)
1100 14th St.
National Register 1/5/1978, 5DV.140
The 1911 red brick office building and attached streetcar barn served as the headquarters of
the city’s public transportation system until its purchase by the City of Denver in
1971. The prolific architectural firm of William E. and Arthur A. Fisher designed the
three-part vertical block type structure with its striking white terra cotta accents. The
property is associated with the Historic Resources of Downtown Denver Multiple Property
Submission.
Treat Hall
E. 18th Ave. & Pontiac St.
National Register 8/10/1978, 5DV.159
The construction of Treat Hall represented the beginning of Colorado Women’s College,
the first such college in the Rocky Mountain area. Completed in 1909, Treat Hall was the
academic and visual focal point of the campus. Designed by architects Jackson and Betts,
the building is three stories in height, and its massing, materials, and detail reflect the
Richardsonian Romanesque style. The rough-faced walls are constructed of Castle Rock
rhyolite trimmed in red sandstone.
Trinity United Methodist Church
E. 18th Ave. & Broadway
National Register 7/28/1970, 5DV.115
Of Gothic design, Trinity United Methodist Church was built in 1887 of light beige
rhyolite from Castle Rock. The architect, Robert S. Roeschlaub, was responsible for many
major buildings in Denver. Although this was his first, it is considered by many to be his
finest. The large nave seats 1,200 to 1,300 people, and the space has often been used for
lectures and concerts. One of its outstanding features is a large pipe organ designed by
G.A. Audsley of London. Built by Hilborne Roosevelt of New York, it is one of only
twelve known Roosevelt pipe organs in the country.
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Union Pacific Flatcar No. 51207
800 Seminole Rd.
State Register 1/26/2012, 5DV.11240
Union Pacific Flatcar No. 51207 is eligible to the State Register the area of Transportation
for both its history as a flatcar that transported freight in Colorado and for its use in an
experiment with Trailer on Flatcar (TOFC) style of freight transportation, which ultimately
changed out train-transported goods. After Union Pacific constructed the car in Denver in
1951, they modified it in 1954 in order to determine the requirements to place a trailer on a
flatcar for service, hence collaborating with trucking companies rather than directly
competing with them. Union Pacific used this flatcar in TOFC service until 1967, when
they returned it to general service. Union Pacific Railroad flatcar No. 51207 is also eligible
in the area of Engineering as an intact example of a mid-twentieth century flatcar, which
includes its original friction-bearing trucks. More information (PDF, 1.6 MB)
Union Station
17th at Wynkoop
National Register 11/20/1974, 5DV.114
Denver’s Union Station consists of a Neo Classical central section, constructed in 1914,
with flanking wings from the previous 1881 depot. The station represents the consolidation
of passenger and baggage facilities for most railroads serving Denver. The consolidated
depot facilitated the transfer of passengers and freight between competing railroads and
furthered the city’s growth as a major rail transportation hub. The building continues to
serve as Denver’s intercity rail passenger depot, as well as a transfer station for bus and
light rail commuters. The property is associated with Railroads in Colorado, 1858-1948
Multiple Property Submission.
U. S. Courthouse and Federal Office Building (Byron G. Rogers Federal Building and U.S.
Courthouse)
1929-1961 Stout Street
National Register 10/17/2016, 5DV.1775
Constructed between 1962 and 1966, the Byron G. Rogers Federal Building and U.S.
Courthouse includes a five-story courthouse set perpendicular to an 18-story office tower,
both of which frame an open plaza. The complex was a collaboration of noted Denver
architects Fisher & Davis and James Sudler Associates, and embraces stylistically the
classical undertones of the New Formalism. The property reflects a time when Denver –
and particularly its downtown – was grappling with its changing role in the post-World
War II era. The complex's planning, design, and construction represented two
complementary initiatives: the City of Denver’s decades-long effort to maintain status as
the “Second Capital” of the United States, with the highest concentration of federal
agencies outside of Washington, D.C. and the government’s ongoing commitment to
maintaining a strong federal presence in Denver.
U.S. Custom House / Federal Building
721 19th St.
National Register 10/16/1979, 5DV.153
The building was constructed in 1931 in the Italian Renaissance Revival style by the N.P.
Severin Company of Chicago. Rising from a concrete foundation, the building’s walls are
of smooth-rubbed, course cut Colorado Yule marble. Various government agencies have
been housed in the building, but its primary tenant was the U.S. Customs Service.
U.S. National Bank / Guaranty Bank (Bank Lofts)
817 17th St.
National Register 3/25/1994, 5DV.5300
The prolific architectural firm of Fisher and Fisher designed the building for Denver
businessman John A. Ferguson. Opened on June 20, 1921, the ten-story, flat roofed
commercial building exhibits both Classical Revival and Renaissance Revival details on its
smooth ashlar limestone exterior walls and ornamental bronze storefront. The property is
associated with the Historic Resources of Downtown Denver Multiple Property
Submission.
U.S. Post Office & Federal Building (Byron White Courthouse)
18th & Stout Sts.
National Register 3/20/1973, 5DV.201
The Neoclassical Revival style building was designed by the New York architectural firm
of Tracy, Swartwout and Litchfield in 1909. Due to its monumental proportions,
construction of Colorado Yule marble building was not completed until 1916. The
building served as an impetus for a massive municipal renewal program and its design
influenced the character of governmental structures throughout the city of Denver.
University Boulevard
University Blvd. from E. Iowa Ave. to E. Alameda Ave.
National Register 9/17/1986, 5DV.5331
University Boulevard serves the south Denver neighborhoods much as Montview
Boulevard serves the east Denver neighborhoods. The 1.5-mile route was planted in
sections between 1908 and 1920 with a wide variety of typical Denver street trees,
including American elm, silver maple, honey locust, green ash, and rock elm. As part of
the original Robinson plan, and as a connector between neighborhoods, it is important for
its community planning association as well as its landscaping significance. The property is
associated with the Denver Park and Parkway System Thematic Resource.
University Park Methodist Episcopal Church (University Park United Methodist Church)
2180 S. University Blvd.
State Register 2/22/2007, 5DV.10354
The original 1928 portion of the church building is a significant local example of the Late
Gothic Revival architectural style. It is an important building in the body of work designed
by Walter H. Simon, a Denver architect who achieved recognition for his contribution to
the commercial and residential architecture of the city and the surrounding area during the
20th century. Only the 1928 portion of the large, interconnected church complex is
listed. (2006 photograph.) More information (PDF, 22.43 MB).
University of Denver Civic Center Classroom Building
(Wellington E. Webb Municipal Office Building)
1445 Cleveland Pl.
National Register 12/6/1990, 5DV.1855
The 1949 classroom building is an important post World War II example of the
International Style. The stair towers, the horizontally ribboned windows and the use of the
cantilever are all distinctive characteristics of the style. Denver architects Casper Hegner,
Thomas Moore, and Dudley Smith designed the building which was originally used as a
Civic Center campus for the University of Denver. The City and County later converted
the building into city offices. In 2001-2002 the city constructed a multi-story addition to
the northwest elevation. Denver architectural firms David Owen Tryba Architects and
RNL collaborated on the design.
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Vine Street Houses
1415, 1429, 1435, 1441, 1453 Vine St.
National Register 12/16/1974, 5DV.165
Constructed between 1890 and 1893, the five Vine Street houses were part of Denver’s
early residential real estate development before the Silver Crash and depression of
1893. Denver architect William Lang, a man known for his eclectic designs, is credited
with the houses at 1415, 1429 and 1435 Vine. (1974 photograph.)
Ralph Voorhees House
1471 Stuart St.
National Register 7/19/1982, 5DV.656
The Voorhees House is one of a series of six designed by prominent Denver architects
William Lang and Marshall Pugh for real estate developer Ralph Voorhees. Voorhees
platted the six-block West Colfax subdivision in 1891 as part of his growing real estate and
city improvement activities. Lang and Pugh utilized the Richardsonian Romanesque style
in the design of this 1891 2½-story, stone residence. The house is dominated by the threestory, octagonal corner tower. The wide front porch extends to form a welcoming portecochere over the entry drive. The property is associated with the West Colfax Subdivision
Historic Structures Thematic Resource.
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Manuella C. Walters Duplex
1728 & 1732 Gilpin St.
National Register 9/30/2009, 5DV.2253
The 1912 Manuella C. Walters Duplex is an unusual example of side-gabled Foursquare
form with Craftsman style detailing, such as overhanging eaves with exposed rafters, brick
exterior, and gabled front porches with truss work. The immediate neighborhood is
predominantly Queen Anne style houses and Foursquares with either classical or revival
style elements, making this Craftsman style duplex clearly stand-out. Designed by Denver
architect George F. Harvey, Jr., the original construction documents convey that the duplex
retains high integrity. (2009 photograph.) More information (PDF, 2.5 MB).
Washington Park
Bounded by E. Virginia, S. Franklin, E. Louisiana & S. Downing St.
National Register 9/17/1986, 5DV.5333
Reinhard Schuetze laid out this scenic park in the grand Victorian manner in 1889. It
features two beautiful lakes; the largest meadow in the Denver park system; a remnant of
the City Ditch (which was essential to the watering and hence the development of the
park); a forested hill graded by the Olmsted Brothers and planted by DeBoer; romantic
deciduous tree plantings; the largest formal summer flower beds in the Denver park and
parkway system; and important architectural embellishments such as the 1913 Boat House
on Smith’s Lake. The property is associated with the Denver Park and Parkway System
Thematic Resource and The Architecture of Jules Jacques Benois Benedict in Colorado
Multiple Property Submission.
Weckbaugh House
1701 E. Cedar Ave.
National Register 1/16/1984, 5DV.719
Designed by Jules J.B. Benedict, the 1930-33 Weckbaugh house is one of few local
examples of the Norman Chateau style. The large mansion, with ten bedrooms and baths, is
situated on 1.7 acres of landscaped grounds. Although constructed during the Great
Depression, the design and quality of the architectural detailing is exceptional. Ella
Weckbaugh was the daughter of John K. Mullen, one of Denver’s most prominent
businessmen and philanthropists during the late 19th century. The property is associated
with The Architecture of Jules Jacques Benois Benedict in Colorado Multiple Property
Submission.
West 46th Avenue Parkway
W. 46th Ave. Pkwy. from Stuart to Grove St.
National Register 9/17/1986, 5DV.5332
This 1.5-mile parkway is of a type used to connect parks (in this case Rocky Mountain
Lake Park with Berkeley Lake Park). It is planted with honey locust, plains cottonwood,
and silver maple street trees, and thus compares with University Boulevard in south
Denver, which is planted with multiple species, rather than Montview Boulevard, in east
Denver, which is planted with a single species--American elm). The parkway was laid out
in 1920. The property is associated with the Denver Park and Parkway System Thematic
Resource.
West Side Court Building
924 W. Colfax Ave.
National Register 5/5/2004, 5DV.7045
The 1921 West Side Court Building served for thirty years as the municipal court for the
City and County of Denver and as one of the primary court facilities of the State district
court system. The courthouse functioned as the principal court for the city until the
completion of the Denver City and County Building in 1931. The building continued to
function as a municipal court in conjunction with the new building. Municipal Judge
Joseph Cook presided over the last hearing in the West Side Court in January 1952. The
courthouse exhibits the typical symmetrical façade of the Neoclassical style, divided into
five bays by banded pilasters with Tuscan capitals and bases. The central entry and triple
windows on the façade and side elevations are common Neoclassical elements, as are the
wide frieze, the balustraded second-story windows, and the quoinlike window
surrounds. Interior elements include the classical balustrade around the circular light well,
the crown molding with decorative frieze, and the door trim with classical entablatures.
Westside Neighborhood
Bounded by Mariposa, Lipan, Kalamath, W. 14th Ave. & W. 13th Ave.
National Register 4/17/1975, 5DV.160
The Westside Neighborhood district encompasses a five-block area. The growth of the
neighborhood parallels Denver’s role as a supplier and market for mining areas to the
west. Within twelve years of the earliest construction, the area evolved into a middle-class
Victorian neighborhood. By 1890, the neighborhood was totally developed and included
several two-story commercial buildings. The district serves as a reminder of Denver’s
boom-town character as experienced by many of its early residents, with many of the
buildings retaining some or all of their distinguishing Victorian ornamentation.
Williams Street Parkway
Williams St. Pkwy. from E. 4th to E. 8th Ave.
National Register 9/17/1986, 5DV.5334
Planned under contract with the Olmsted Brothers, this half-mile parkway is unique in
Denver and features a double row of American Elms (planted on alternate centers to
increase the canopy) and colorful shrub plantings on either side of a single roadway. The
overall effect is of an elegant tree-lined vista in the New England tradition. Construction
and planting took place between 1909 and 1914. The property is associated with the
Denver Park and Parkway System Thematic Resource.
Wood-Morris-Bonfils House
707 Washington St.
National Register 12/4/1974, 5DV.179
This circa 1910 house was designed by architects Maurice Biscoe and Henry Hewitt in the
French Mediterranean Revival style. The walls are of stuccoed brick, and the roof is
covered with clay tiles. The original mansion included fifteen rooms, and in 1928, an
addition was completed. The most prominent owners of the house were Guilford S. Wood,
Andrew S. Hughes, and Helen Bonfils. Hughes left the house on his death to his daughter
and son-in-law, Peter Randolph Morris. Wood, Hughes and Bonfils all made significant
contributions to Denver as noted philanthropists and established charitable trusts that still
operate in their names. More information (PDF, 1.53 MB).
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Zall House
5401 E. 6th Ave.
National Register 11/9/2005, 5DV.9221
The 1941 Zall House was designed and built for the long serving Denver city attorney,
Max P. Zall. Local architect Rodney S. Davis designed the house. The building is an early
work of Davis, an acknowledged local master of mid to late 20th century architecture in
Denver, designed while working as a young man for the firm of Edwin A. Francis. It is
one of a handful of identified early works that reflects his transition from historical revival
architecture into modernism, which would ultimately dominate his long and illustrious
career. Well-known Denver horticulturalist and landscape designer George Kelly is
responsible for the landscaping. The design embodies the plant choices, gardening
recommendations and design principles. He later featured it in his book Rocky Mountain
Horticulture, widely recognized as the first volume to address the unique climate and soil
conditions facing home gardeners in the region. More information (PDF, 431 kb).
Zang House / Gargoyle House
1532 Emerson St.
National Register 11/14/1979, 5DV.130
This 1889 house was designed by William Lang, one of Denver’s most prolific late 19th
century architects. Built for Adolph J. Zang, an important Denver businessman, the 2½story residence is a fine example of Late Victorian eclecticism, manifesting elements of the
Chateauesque, Gothic, and Richardsonian Romanesque styles. The façade is of rock-faced
stone and the other walls are brick. Carved gargoyles and an eagle perched at the peak of
the steeply pitched front gable roof lend an almost whimsical air to the ornamentation.
Adolph Zang Mansion
709 Clarkson
National Register 11/23/1977, 5DV.177
Built between 1902 and 1904, the design by an unknown architect reflects the Classical
Revival style. Both the light colored brick and stone exterior, with seven stained glass and
leaded windows, and the elegant interior, with five hand carved fireplaces, remain
essentially unaltered. The original owner of the mansion, Adolph Zang, was important in
the industrial and commercial development of Denver. He owned the Zang Brewery and
was involved with the establishment of the American National Bank and Trust Company
and the Capitol Life Insurance Company. More information (PDF, 2.76 MB).
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1750 Gilpin Street
1750 Gilpin St.
National Register 7/7/2004, 5DV.2251
The residence is notable for its characteristics of the late Queen Anne style, evident in the
steeply pitched gabled roof, brick and sandstone materials, substantial front porch with
sandstone detailing, recessed second story porch, and tower-like bay on the north
elevation. The 1893 house displays such Neo-Classical decorative details as dentils,
clustered columns, brackets, and swag details that are emblematic of the Free Classic
subtype of the Queen Anne style. Finely crafted woodwork and fireplaces of the Victorian
period remain intact on the interior, currently being used for offices. The Mouat Lumber
and Investment Company built the house for speculation. Denver architect Josiah S.
Briean completed the design. More information (PDF, 404 kb).
19th Street Bridge
19th St., over South Platte River
National Register 2/4/1985, 5DV.535
The 1878 flooding of the South Platte River prompted a series of bridge replacements. In
1888, the Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company of Leavenworth, Kansas constructed
this pin connected, five-panel, two-span steel Pratt through truss, one of the state’s most
ornamental. It remains in use for pedestrian traffic. The property is associated with the
Highway Bridges in Colorado Multiple Property Submission.
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For additional Denver listings please see:
Denver A-C
Denver D-E
Denver F-K
Denver L-R
Image Callouts
Content Callout Item:
Territorial Adobe
Territorial Adobe buildings are most common in southern Colorado and date from
approximately 1880 through the 1940s. These buildings were constructed using adobe blocks,
yet have some elements of formal architectural style or are influenced by traditional or popular
“Anglo-American” design. The earliest examples used elements of the Greek Revival, however,
few of these survive in Colorado.
Territorial Adobe buildings differ from earlier Hispanic Adobe construction in several
ways. Hispanic Adobe buildings tended to have flat roofs while Territorial Adobe examples
feature pitched roofs. The walls of Territorial Adobe buildings are thinner, measuring about ten
to sixteen inches instead of the two to three feet walls of Hispanic Adobe buildings. Hispanic
Adobe examples were built directly on the ground and Territorial Adobe buildings feature stone
or cement foundations to protect the adobe from moisture. The majority of anglicized adobe
buildings used simple details such as gabled or gambrel roofs, false fronts or Gothic pointed
arches. The most elaborate example of Territorial Adobe is the Baca House in Trinidad which
features a few Italianate details.
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Sod Construction
Sod structures date from the early days of settlement in the 1860s through the Depressionera of the 1930s. It was generally considered an inexpensive and very effective method of
construction in a plains environment. Very few examples of sod structures exist today in
Colorado, and most are slowly deteriorating.
These houses were constructed using large blocks of sod, usually placed grass side down,
and laid like bricks. Mud or lime plaster covered the exterior to protect the sod from
weathering. Sod blocks are distinguished from adobe by the layer of grass at the bottom of each
block.
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Pioneer Log
Early settlers in the forested parts of the state built pioneer log structures from 1858 through
the 1930s. Pioneer log should not be confused with the Rustic style log buildings which were
built beginning around 1905.
Generally located in or near mountainous regions, these buildings were constructed of
round logs, hewn logs or mill waste (log slabs) and were usually laid on alternating tiers, notched
at the corners to fit together. Spaces between the logs were filled with wet moss or clay, animal
hair or straw (daubing), and stone or wood strips (chinking). Roofs were canvas, earth, shingles,
wood boards, sheet metal, or tree limbs. Gable ends were either log or frame.
The most common roof forms are the front gable and side gable. The gabled-L form is
occasionally found. Most Pioneer Log buildings are one-story in height though two-story
examples may be found. False front pioneer log commercial buildings also were
common. Pioneer Log barns, stables and other agricultural outbuildings are also common.
Log structures may be classified by their corner notching. Common notching types include
saddle, V-notch, square, and dovetail, as well as channel (hog trough) and boxed corners.
Common elements:
1. log construction
2.
3.
4.
5.
round logs, hewn logs or rough milled
notched corners
simple construction techniques
gabled roof
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