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Biology 2121 – Review/Objectives – Bone Tissue – Chapter 6
Vocabulary
 Hematopoiesis; diaphysis; epiphyses; osteoclasts; osteoblasts; osteogenic cells; diploe; osteon; lamella; canaliculi;
ossification; osteogenesis; hypertrophy; parathyroid hormone; calcitonin; hematoma; osteomalacia; rickets;
osteoporosis; paget’s disease; osteoarthritis
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Know that osseous tissue is made of matrix. Know the composition of the matrix.
Know the mineral salts found in the bone matrix.
Know the protein fibers found in bone matrix.
Distinguish between the cell types
a. Osteogenic; osteoblasts; osteocytes; osteoclasts
Know the parts and functions of the following parts of the osteon.
a. Volkmann’s and Haversian canals; lamellae; lacunae; canaliculi
Compare Spongy and Compact bone.
Know where red bone marrow is located. Compare to yellow bone marrow in function, etc.
Know what the following arteries and veins service in bones:
a. Arteries: periosteal; nutrient; metaphyseal; epiphyseal
b. Veins: nutrient; epiphyseal; metaphyseal; periosteal
Know the stem cell from which bone comes from.
Know the structures and parts of a long bone.
Compare the types of bone formation; know examples:
a. Intermembranous
b. Endochondrial
Know the steps in bone formation in intermembranous ossification.
Know the steps in bone formation in endochondrial ossification.
Compare interstitial and appositional growth of bones.
Know the role of the perichondrium in endochondrial ossification.
Distinguish between the four zones of growth in long bones:
a. Resting; proliferation; hypertrophic; ossification
Compare bone remodeling rates in compact and spongy bones.
Know the steps involved in bone resorption
a. Resorption bays; lysosomal enzymes; hydrochloric acid
Know the steps involved in bone deposit.
a. Calcification front; role of calcium and phosphorus ions; role of alkaline phosphatase
Know the factors and how they affect bone growth.
a. Minerals (Ca, P, F, Mg, Fe, Mn)
b. Vitamins (C, K, B12)
c. Hormones (IGF and HGH; Thyroid hormones; Androgens)
Know the roles of calcitonin and PTH in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the body.
Know the causes and characteristics of each condition:
a. Osteoporosis
b. Rickets and Osteomalacia
c. Osteomyelitis
d. Osteoarthritis
Distinguish between the following bone breaks or fractures and know examples
a. Compression; spiral; greenstick; depressed; epiphyseal
Know the steps in bone healing.