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Name _________________________________________________ Science 9 Date _______________________ Chapter 12 The Periodic Table Test Study Guide SECTION 1 THE PERIODIC TABLE Periodic – happening at regular intervals Periodic law = repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements. Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of atomic mass Moseley arranged the elements by atomic number – the table you see today Periods = Rows Same number of electrons in outer shell Groups (Families) = Columns Elements in groups have similar chemical and physical properties 6 C Carbon 12.0 Atomic # (# of protons) Chemical Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass (# of protons + neutrons) Classes of elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids Left of the zigzag line Most elements 89 Few electrons in outer energy level Right of the zigzag line 18 elements Almost complete set of electrons in their outer energy level Majority are gases at room temperature Border left and right of zigzag line 6 Elements ½ a complete set of electrons in outer energy level Solid at room temperature Most are solid at room temperature SECTION 2 GROUPING THE ELEMENTS PERIODIC TABLE – Know group names and facts (most reactive – least reactive - # of valence electrons etc.) Group 1 – Alkali Metals Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals 1 valence electron, very reactive because they can easily give away the 1 electron Often stored in oil, since they react violently with water and oxygen Soft, silvery color, shiny, low density 2 valence electrons, silver color, higher density Slightly less reactive than alkali metals, harder to give away 2 electrons Group 3 -12 Transition Metals Group 13 Boron Group 1-2 valence electrons, type of metals we think of shiny, good conductors Elements in each row tend to have similar properties 4 metals, 1 metalloid, 3 valence electrons, solid at room temp, reactive . Lanthanides – shiny reactive materials Actinides - radioactive ,unstable ELEMENTS LISTED after Plutonium do not occur naturally Group 14 Carbon Group Group 15 Nitrogen Group 4 valence electrons, solids at room temperature,. carbon is needed in body for carbs , fats, protein 5 electrons in outer energy level, most are solids at room temp, EXCEPT N (80% of air we breathe, is in fertilizer Group 16 Oxygen Group Group 17 Halogens 6 valence electrons, reactive, 20% air which is needed for substances to burn Sulfur found – smells like ROTTEN EGGS 7 valence electrons, very reactive, nonmetals, poor conductors Group 18 Noble Gases Hydrogen 8 valence electrons, all nonmetals, unreactive Colorless, odorless gases at room temp. Produces color when electric current passed through: He(pink),Ne(orange),Ar(lavender),Kr(white),Xe(blue) 1 valence electron, reactive-colorless, odorless Explosive reactions w/oxygen NON METAL GAS