Download 12 Study Guide

Name _________________________________________________
Science 9
Date _______________________
Chapter 12
The Periodic Table
Test Study Guide
SECTION 1 THE PERIODIC TABLE
Periodic – happening at regular intervals
Periodic law = repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic
numbers of the elements.
Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of atomic mass
Moseley arranged the elements by atomic number – the table you see today
Periods = Rows
Same number of electrons in outer shell
Groups (Families) = Columns
Elements in groups have similar chemical and physical properties
6
C
Carbon
12.0
Atomic # (# of protons)
Chemical Symbol
Element Name
Atomic Mass (# of protons + neutrons)
Classes of elements
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids
Left of the zigzag line
Most elements 89
Few electrons in outer energy level
Right of the zigzag line
18 elements
Almost complete set of electrons
in their outer energy level
Majority are gases at room temperature
Border left and right of zigzag line
6 Elements
½ a complete set of electrons in outer
energy level
Solid at room temperature
Most are solid at room temperature
SECTION 2 GROUPING THE ELEMENTS
PERIODIC TABLE – Know group names and facts (most reactive – least reactive - # of valence electrons etc.)
Group 1 – Alkali Metals
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
1 valence electron, very reactive because they can
easily give away the 1 electron
Often stored in oil, since they react violently with
water and oxygen
Soft, silvery color, shiny, low density
2 valence electrons, silver color, higher density
Slightly less reactive than alkali metals, harder to give
away 2 electrons
Group 3 -12 Transition Metals
Group 13 Boron Group
1-2 valence electrons, type of metals we think of
shiny, good conductors
Elements in each row tend to have similar properties
4 metals, 1 metalloid, 3 valence electrons, solid at
room temp, reactive .
Lanthanides – shiny reactive materials
Actinides - radioactive ,unstable
ELEMENTS LISTED after Plutonium
do not occur naturally
Group 14 Carbon Group
Group 15 Nitrogen Group
4 valence electrons, solids at room temperature,.
carbon is needed in body for carbs , fats, protein
5 electrons in outer energy level, most are solids at
room temp, EXCEPT N (80% of air we breathe, is in
fertilizer
Group 16 Oxygen Group
Group 17 Halogens
6 valence electrons, reactive, 20% air which is needed
for substances to burn
Sulfur found – smells like ROTTEN EGGS
7 valence electrons, very reactive,
nonmetals, poor conductors
Group 18 Noble Gases
Hydrogen
8 valence electrons, all nonmetals, unreactive
Colorless, odorless gases at room temp.
Produces color when electric current passed through:
He(pink),Ne(orange),Ar(lavender),Kr(white),Xe(blue)
1 valence electron, reactive-colorless, odorless
Explosive reactions w/oxygen
NON METAL GAS