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UNIT 7
HEREDITY
CHAPTER 11: INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
11.1: The Work of Gregor Mendel
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Inheritance
Gregor Mendel
o Garden Peas
o Fertilization
o True-Breeding
o Cross-Pollination
o Traits
o Monohybrid Crosses
o Mendel’s Seven Crosses (Fig 11-3)
o P, F1, F2 Generations
o Hybrids
o Genes
o Alleles
o Mendel’s Two Conclusions
 Biological Inheritance is Determined by Genes
 Principle of Dominance
 Dominant and Recessive Alleles
o Law of Segregation
o Gametes
11.2: Applying Mendel’s Principles
- Probability and Punnett Squares
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Principle of Probability
Punnett Squares
 Homozygous Dominant
 Heterozygous
 Homozygous Recessive
 Phenotype vs. Genotype
o Probability and Segregation
o Probabilities Predict Averages
Independent Assortment
o Two-Factor Cross (Dihybrid)
o Principle of Independent Assortment
Summary of Mendel’s Principles
11.3: Other Patterns of Inheritance
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Beyond Dominant and Recessive Alleles
o Incomplete Dominance
o Codominance
o Multiple Alleles
o Polygenic Traits
Non-Mendelian Inheritance
Environmental Impacts on Genetics
11.5: Gene Linkage and Gene Maps
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Thomas Hunt Morgan
o Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
Chromosomal Inheritance
Gene Linkage
Gene Maps
Drosophila Gene Map
CHAPTER 14: HUMAN HEREDITY
14.1: Human Chromosomes
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Karyotypes
o Genome
o Sex Chromosomes
o Autosomal Chromosomes
Transmission of Human Traits
o Dominant and Recessive Alleles
o Codominant and Multiple Alleles
o Sex-Linked Inheritance
o X-Chromosome Inactivation
Human Pedigrees