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Results of estimation microclimate of ward of therapeutic departmenis is next: the middle
temperature of air is 21 °C, speed of air is 0,1 m/s, relative humidity of air is 85 %. Give
hygienical estimation of microclimate of ward.
A.
comfort microclimate
B.
discomfort microclimate of cooling type
C.
discomfort microclimate of heating type
D.
discomfort microclimate with the increased humidity of air
E.
discomfort microclimate with the increased speed of air
ANSWER:D
While laboratory studies of air hospital wards found\: the total number of micro organisms in the
air - 2500 to 1 m3, of which 125 - haemolytic streptococcus. What measures should be
undertaken with the purpose of decontamination of air in the House?
A.
UFO sterilizing lamp
B.
Dissipation of 0.5% solution chloramines in the air
C.
Electro aero-ionisation of air
D.
Air conditioning
E.
Infrared radiation air
ANSWER:A
A city hospital consists of separate surgical and therapeutic buildings which are placed along a
few separate houses which are intended for infectious, maternity and child's separations. To
define the system of building of hospital.
A.
Centralized block
B.
centralised
C.
Dentralised
D.
mixed
E.
hostel
ANSWER:D
At the sanitary inspection of burn separation it was set for adults, that must have 4 beds with area
of 28 m2. What minimum area of chambers must be in this separation?
A.
30 m2
B.
24 m2
C.
28 m2
D.
40 m2
E.
52 m2
ANSWER:D
During the study of microclimatic terms of hospital ward: area is 6 m2, middle temperature of air
is 16 °C, relative humidity 72 %, rate of movement of air 0,35 m/s, coefficient of natural light
0,88 %, light coefficient 1:5. Give a hygienical estimation the microclimate of hospital wadr.
A.
Discomfort, with lot of vibrations
B.
Comfort
C.
Discomfort, with the high humidity of air
D.
Discomfort, type of heating
E.
Discomfort, cool type
ANSWER:E
For estimation of efficiency of ventilation in wards determined concentration of CO2 in air.
What maximal admissible concentration of carbonic dioxide may be in ward?
A.
0,1 %
B.
1,0 %
C.
10,0 %
D.
0,25 %
E.
0,5 %
ANSWER:A
land of the centralized hospital has a rectangular form a size 200x300 m. On the front of area a
medical building is located, in a center is a hospital garden, at back of territory are economic
structures. On what distance from the boundary of area must a medical building be located?
A.
Not less than 50 m
B.
Not less than 30 m
C.
less than 30 m
D.
less than 15 m
E.
less than 5 m
ANSWER:C
On instructions from the doctor nurse conducted measurements, which are necessary to assess
the climate chamber therapy department. The results of measurements: the average temperature
is 20 ° C, the speed of air 0.2 m / s, relative humidity - 48 %. Give hygienic assessment of
climate chamber.
A.
comfortable microclimate
B.
Microclimate discomfort coolant type
C.
Microclimate discomfort heating type
D.
Microclimate uncomfortable with the increased air humidity
E.
Microclimate uncomfortable with the increased speed of air
ANSWER:A
On instructions from the doctor nurse::On instructions from the doctor nurse conducted
measurements, which are necessary to assess the climate chamber therapy department. The
results of measurements: the average temperature is 25 ° C, the speed of air 0.2 m / s, relative
humidity 78 %. Give hygienic assessment of climate chamber.
A.
Microclimate comfortable
B.
Microclimate discomfort coolant type
C.
Microclimate discomfort heating type
D.
Microclimate uncomfortable with the increased air humidity
E.
Microclimate uncomfortable with the increased speed of air
ANSWER:C
What must be the maximum percentage of build up hospital in the area?
A.
25 %
B.
35 %
C.
20 %
D.
15 %
E.
10 %
ANSWER:D
The area of ward on 1 beds in the therapeutic departmen of city hospital is 9 m2. Does it
corresponds to the hygienical requirements?
A.
Corresponds to the hygienical requirements for city hospitals only
B.
Does not corresponds to the to the hygienical requirements
C.
Corresponds to the hygienical requirements for all hospitals
D.
Corresponds to the hygienical requirements for children hospitals only
E.
Does not corresponds to the to the hygienical requirements only for hospitals with
centralized system of building.
ANSWER:C
The area of ward on 2 beds in the therapeutic departmen of city hospital is 14 m2. Does it
corresponds to the to the hygienical requirements?
A.
Corresponds to the hygienical requirements for city hospitals only
B.
Does not corresponds to the to the hygienical requirements
C.
Corresponds to the hygienical requirements for all hospitals
D.
Corresponds to the hygienical requirements for children hospitals only
E.
Does not corresponds to the to the hygienical requirements only for hospitals with
centralized system of building
ANSWER:C
The area of ward on 3 beds in the therapeutic departmen of city hospital is 15 m2. Does it
corresponds to the to the hygienical requirements?
A.
Does not corresponds to the to the hygienical requirements
B.
Corresponds to the hygienical requirements for all hospitals
C.
Corresponds to the hygienical requirements for children hospitals only
D.
Corresponds to the hygienical requirements for city hospitals only
E.
Does not corresponds to the to the hygienical requirements only for hospitals with
centralized system of building
ANSWER:A
The area of ward on 4 beds in the therapeutic departmen of city hospital is 28 m2. Does it
corresponds to the to the hygienical requirements?
A.
Corresponds to the hygienical requirements for city hospitals only
B.
Does not corresponds to the to the hygienical requirements
C.
Corresponds to the hygienical requirements for all hospitals
D.
Corresponds to the hygienical requirements for children hospitals only
E.
Does not corresponds to the to the hygienical requirements only for hospitals with
centralized system of building
ANSWER:C
Which of the following health problems is not associated with vitamin D deficiency?
A. osteomalacia
B. rickets
C. bone malformations
D. skin cancer
E. osteoporoses
ANSWER: D
Which of the following best describes nutrition?
A. The body’s need for calories, water, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamin, and minerals
B. The process whereby the body uses food and fluids to reach and maintain health
C. The comparison of a certain volume or weight of the energy source with its ability to produce
heat
D. Food is a source of body energy for human beings and it provides the means by which human
being function
E. All of the above
ANSWER: E
Which of the following provide the body with necessary electrolytes?
A. Vitamins
B. Proteins
C. Minerals
D. Fats
E. Water
ANSWER: C
Individuals who eat vegetarian diets may be lacking:
A. Amino acids
B. Vitamins
C. Electrolytes
D. Iron
E. Calories
ANSWER: D
Lack of fiber in tube feedings can result in:
A. Constipation
B. Nausea and vomiting
C. Aspiration
D. Diarrhea
E. All of the above
ANSWER: A
Carotenosis is a condition causing yellow or orange pigments in the skin. It is caused by
consuming too much of which types of food?
A. Dairy products
B. whole grains
C. deep green and dark yellow fruits and vegetables
D. red meats
E. tea
ANSWER: C
In order to increase their absorption of iron, a person may benefit from consuming an adequate
intake of vitamin ____?
A. C
B. A
C. K
D. D
E. B1
ANSWER: A
One serious consequence of a vitamin A deficiency is:
A. scurvy.
B. depression.
C. xeropthalmia.
D. Keshan disease.
E. Beri-beri
ANSWER: C
What disease is associated with a deficiency of vitamin C?
A. Osteoporosis
B. scurvy
C. xeropthalemia
D. Keshan disease
E. rickets
ANSWER: B
Which of the following cooking methods may decrease a food's vitamin C content?
A. stir-frying
B. boiling
C. steaming
D. microwaving
E. freezing
ANSWER: B
Which of the following foods would be considered a poor source of vitamin E?
A. soybean oil
B. almonds
C. Total Raisin Bran
D. Milk
E. All of the above
ANSWER: D
Which of the following is a major symptom of vitamin C deficiency?
A. infertility
B. tissue hemorrhage
C. decreased hair growth
D. increased hair growth
E. night blindness
ANSWER: B
Which of the following plays a crucial role in the body's physiological functions?
A. retinol
B. retinoic acid
C. retinal
D. retina
ANSWER: A
What is the name of the disease in man arising out of Vitamin B1 deficiency ?
A. Scurvy
B. Beriberi
C. Pellagra
D. Gingivitis
E. rickets
ANSWER: B
The deficiency of which of the following group of nutrients affects the skin?
A. Iron, Iodine, Zinc, Potassium
B. Riboflacin, Niacin, Pyridoxine, Pantothenic Acid
C. Vitamin K, Calcium, Fluorine, Copper
D. All the three
E. None of the above
ANSWER: B
Which of the following diseases is associated with Vitamin C deficiency?
A. Psoriasis
B. Scurvy
C. Pellagra
D. Vitiligo
E. Beri-beri
ANSWER: B
What does Vitamin K deficiency lead to ?
A. Problem in digestion
B. Problem in Blood Coagulation
C. Problem in Calcium Metabolism
D. All the three
E. None of the above
ANSWER: B
Deficiency of Vitamin D gives rise to :
A. Rheumatism
B. Arthritis
C. Hernia
D. Rickets
E. Scurvy
ANSWER: D
Night blindness drying of the conjunctiva, dry and scaly skin and loss of hair are some of the
symptoms of :
A. Vitamin K deficiency
B. Vitamin A deficiency
C. Iron deficiency
D. Folic acid deficeiency
E. None of the above
ANSWER: B
The vitamin that is not fat soluble is_________.
A. vitamin A
B. vitamin B complex
C. vitamin D
D. vitamin E
E. vitamin K
ANSWER: B
Xerophthalmia is caused due to the deficency of_________.
A. vitamin A
B. vitamin B
C. vitamin C
D. vitamin D
E. vitamin PP
ANSWER: A
The 4D-syndrome characterises the following disease_________.
A. pellagra
B. xerophthalima
C. scurvy
D. beri-beri
E. rickets
ANSWER: A
Maize interferes with the absorption of_________.
A. ascorbic acid
B. nicotinic acid
C. thiamine
D. iodine
E. iron
ANSWER: B
Sunlight enhances the production of_________.
A. vitamin A
B. vitamin B
C. vitamin C
D. vitamin D
E. vitamin E
ANSWER: D
Calcium deficiency occurs in the absence of vitamin_________.
A. D
B. A
C. C
D. B
E. E
ANSWER: A
Vitamins are classified
A. Organic and inorganic.
B. Fat-soluble and water soluble.
C. Essential and nonessential.
D. Elements and compounds.
E. Natural and artificial
ANSWER: B
Which of the following is not generally a true statement about fat-soluble vitamins?
A. Excess amounts are readily excreted from the body.
B. They can be consumed less frequently than the water-soluble vitamins.
C. They are bound to proteins when traveling in the blood.
D. They may accumulate to toxic amounts in the body.
E. None of the above
ANSWER: A
All of the following methods will help to preserve food nutrients except:
A. Cut fruits and vegetables into pieces and store before eating.
B. use microwave cooking or steaming for vegetables.
C. refrigerate foods in a moisture-proof container near freezing temperature.
D. all of the above methods preserve vitamins.
E. None of the above
ANSWER: A
One of the first signs of vitamin A deficiency is:
A. anemia.
B. jaundice.
C. night blindness.
D. scurvy.
E. rickets
ANSWER: C
One of the last signs of vitamin A deficiency is:
A. anemia
B. osteoporosis
C. blindness
D. hemorrhage
E. None of the above
ANSWER: C
Which of the following symptoms would indicate a vitamin D deficiency in infants and young
children?
A. abnormally high blood calcium
B. rupture of red blood cells
C. bowed legs
D. abnormally low blood calcium
E. None of the above
ANSWER: D
Which of the following is NOT a good source of vitamin D?
A. sunshine
B. fatty fish
C. fortified milk and margarine
D. fruit, vegetables, and whole grains
E. None of the above
ANSWER: D
Identify one function of vitamin D.
A. necessary for iron metabolism
B. prevents scurvy
C. acts as an antioxidant
D. aids in the absorption of calcium
E. None of the above
ANSWER: D
Which of the following substitutes for some of our need for vitamin E?
A. selenium
B. sodium
C. sulfur
D. silver
E. iodine
ANSWER: A
The need for vitamin E in the diet will increase with an increase in the amount of what other
nutrient in the diet?
A. protein.
B. saturated fatty acids.
C. carbohydrate.
D. polyunsaturated fatty acids.
E. None of the above
ANSWER: D
Vitamin E functions in the body:
A. to maintain vision and skin integrity, as well as growth of nails and bones.
B. as an antioxidant to prevent cell damage.
C. to calcify bones and teeth.
D. to supply energy and spare protein.
E. None of the above
ANSWER: B
Vitamin K deficiency is a possible result of:
A. kidney disease.
B. antibiotic therapy.
C. presence of phytates.
D. insufficient intake of citrus fruits.
E. None of the above
ANSWER: B
The vitamin synthesized by bacteria in the intestine is:
A. E
B. D
C. A
D. B
E. K
ANSWER: E
Vitamin K is needed in the body for:
A. enzyme action.
B. blood clotting.
C. energy production.
D. carbohydrate metabolism
E. None of the above
ANSWER: B
Vitamin K is found in:
A. seafood, iodized salt, and dairy products.
B. fortified cereals, milk, and cheese.
C. citrus fruits, cantaloupe, seeds, and nuts.
D. green leafy vegetables.
E. None of the above
ANSWER: D
Plant oils are excellent sources of __________ and liver is an excellent source of __________.
A. vitamin K; vitamin A
B. vitamin E; vitamin D
C. vitamin E; vitamin A
D. vitamin D; vitamin K
E. vitamin B; vitamin C
ANSWER: C
Malnutrition refers specifically to:
A. excess weight loss.
B. vitamin deficiency.
C. any nutritional deficiency.
D. failure to absorb nutrients.
E. a digestive disease.
ANSWER: C
Night blindness is a condition brought about by:
A. vitamin A deficiency.
B. vitamin D deficiency.
C. vitamin K deficiency.
D. vitamin C deficiency.
E. hypervitaminosis.
ANSWER: A
Both rickets and osteomalacia can be prevented by a diet including enough
vitamin:
A. A.
B. B.
C. C.
D. D.
E. E.
ANSWER: D
The complex of physical features of the near land atmospheric layer during a relatively short
period of time (hours, days, weeks) is
A. Weather;
B. Climate;
C. Anticyclone;
D. Cyclone.
E. Front.
ANSWER: A
The weather is characterized by all but one of the following of meteorological elements:
A. solar irradiation,
B. Nature of the soil.
C. humidity of air,
D. air speed and direction,
E. atmospheric pressure,
ANSWER: B
The weather is characterized by all but one of the following of meteorological elements:
A. air speed and direction
B. atmospheric pressure,
C. the altitude, or height, above sea-level.
D. electrical condition of the atmosphere,
E. cloudiness.
ANSWER: C
The climate is forming by all but one of the following elements
A. The altitude or distance from equator
B. Distance from sea.
C. The altitude, or height, above sea-level.
D. Prevailing winds.
E. Electrical condition of the atmosphere.
ANSWER: E
The climate is characterized by all but one of the following elements
A. Temperature of air
B. rainfall,
C. atmospheric pressure,
D. sunshine,
E. thickness of ozone layer.
ANSWER: E
The climate is characterized by all but one of the following elements
A. thickness of ozone layer
B. sunshine,
C. humidity of air,
D. fog,
E. mist
ANSWER: A
The average condition of the weather at any particular place over a considerably long period of
time (20-30 years) may be defined as
A. Front;
B. Weather;
C. Climate;
D. Anticyclone;
E. Cyclone.
ANSWER: C
The boundary between two air masses of different temperature and density is called
A. Front
B. Weather;
C. Climate;
D. Anticyclone;
E. Cyclone.
ANSWER: A
Main reason of change of weather
A. Moving of the air masses.
B. high seismic activity.
C. Sun storms.
D. High Sun activity.
E. Destruction of ozone layer.
ANSWER: A
A large area of high pressure around which the winds blow clockwise in the Northern
Hemisphere is
A. Front;
B. Weather;
C. Climate;
D. Anticyclone;
E. Cyclone
ANSWER: D
How many are phases of acclimatization ?
A. One;
B. Two;
C. Three;
D. Four;
E. Five.
ANSWER: C
What type of medico-meteorological situation is most unfavorable for people with chronic
diseases.
A. I type.
B. II type;
C. III type;
D. IV type;
E. V type.
ANSWER: C
Weather-related (meteotropic) reaction arise up in:
A. meteostability people;
B. meteolability people;
C. Practically healthy people;.
D. Sick people.
E. Elders people.
ANSWER: B
Which one of the following is not effects of cold climate on the body?
A. Increased metabolism,
B. increased oxygenation of blood,
C. increased elimination of carbon dioxide ;
D. increased excretion of urine;
E. diminishes the rate of respiration.
ANSWER: E
When cooler air displaces warmer air, we call the moving boundary
A. occluded fronts;
B. Anticyclone;
C. Cyclone
D. Cold front.
E. Warm front
ANSWER: D
Which one of the following is synoptic components of weather?
A. intensity of sun radiation
B. voltage of atmosphere electric field, atmospheric ionization;
C. temperature air and atmospheric pressure,
D. speed and direction of wind;
E. clouds, raining and snowing.
ANSWER: E
Body of air that extends over a large area and has nearly uniform temperature and humidity in
any horizontal direction is
A. Front;
B. Weather;
C. Air masses;
D. Anticyclone;
E. Cyclone.
ANSWER: C
How called a hot, moist air mass that forms over water
A. A maritime tropical air mass;
B. A continental polar air mass;
C. Anticyclone;
D. Cyclone;
E. Warm front.
ANSWER: A
To characterize weather changeability often use “index of weather changeability”. Weather is
constant when index
A. Less than 20;
B. 25-30;
C. 30-50;
D. 50-70;
E. more than 70;
ANSWER: B
To characterize weather changeability often use “index of weather changeability”. Weather is
very changable when index
A. Less than 20;
B. 20-30;
C. 30-40;
D. 40-50;
E. more than 50.
ANSWER: E
A process of adaptation to the new climatic condition is named
A. Adaptation.
B. Acclimatization.
C. Climatic reaction.
D. Urbanization.
E. Desadaptation.
ANSWER: B
Which one from the following is major factor which forms a climate
A. Type of earth’s surfaces.
B. Distance from sea.
C. Height above sea-level.
D. Prevailing winds.
E. Geographical position.
ANSWER: E
The most common analyses of wastewater not include the measurements of
A. Smell,
B. solids,
C. biochemical oxygen demand ,
D. chemical oxygen demand,
E. pH.
ANSWER: A
Mechanical sewage treatment not includes
A. Influx (Influent)
B. Removal of large objects
C. Removal of sand and grit
D. Pre-precipitation
E. Post precipitation
ANSWER: E
The rate of sedimentation is increased in some industrial waste-treatment stations by
incorporating processes which called
A. filtration,
B. coagulation,
C. Digestion,
D. Oxidation,
E. Nitrification
ANSWER: B
Which forms of wastewater are commonly referred to industrial waste?
A. From domestic sources,
B. From industrial sources,
C. From groundwater sources,
D. From meteorological sources,
E. All are correct.
ANSWER: B
We are all exposed to ionizing radiation from natural sources at all times. This radiation is called
natural background radiation, and its main sources are the following except
A. radioactive substances in the earth's crust;
B. emanation of radioactive gas from the earth;
C. doses from a diagnostic x-ray *
D. trace amounts of radioactivity in the body;
E. cosmic rays from outer space which bombard the earth.
ANSWER: C
The property possessed by some elements of spontaneously emitting energy in the form of
particles or waves by disintegration of their atomic nuclei is named
A. Radioactivity
B. Ionization
C. Radiation
D. Effects of radiation
E. Exposure dose
ANSWER: A
The process by which atoms or molecules lose electrons and become positively charged
particles.
A. Radioactivity
B. Ionization
C. Radiation
D. Effects of radiation
E. Exposure dose
ANSWER: B
Energy transmitted in the form of electromagnetic waves or subatomic particles.
A. Effects of radiation
B. Radioactivity
C. Ionization
D. Radiation
E. Exposure dose
ANSWER: D
Direct action of radiation is the dominant process for:
A. X-rays.
B. Neutrons and alpha particles.
C. Electrons.
D. Gamma rays.
E. Beta particles
ANSWER: B
A free radical is:
A. Any charged particle.
B. An atom, ion or molecule with an unpaired electron in the outer shell.
C. An atom with an even number of electrons.
D. A chemically stable atom.
E. Any stable particle.
ANSWER: B
The probability of stochastic radiation effects depends:
A. on the absorbed dose
B. only on the energy of the radiation.
C. only on the particle type of the radiation.
D. both on the energy and the particle type of the radiation.
E. All are correct
ANSWER: E
The equivalent dose is:
A. the mean absorbed dose over all irradiated organs.
B. the product of absorbed dose and radiation weighting factor for a given tissue or organ, where
the absorbed dose is averaged over the tissue or organ.
C. the product of absorbed dose and tissue weighting factor.
D. the mean quality factor over all irradiated organs.
E. the quotient of the average energy transferred to the matter in a volume element by ionizing
radiation and the mass of the matter in this volume element
ANSWER: C
Exposure is measured in
A. Coulombs per kg
B. Coulombs per mg
C. Sieverts per cGy
D. Coulombs per mGy
E. becquerel
ANSWER: A
Absorbed dose is measured in
A. Sieverts
B. Man sieverts
C. Coulombs
D. Grays
E. becquerel
ANSWER: D
Dose equivalent is measured in
A. Sieverts
B. Man sieverts
C. Coulombs
D. Grays
E. becquerel
ANSWER: A
The monitoring and measuring of a person’s exposure to radiation is called:
A. Densitometry
B. Dosimetry
C. Sensitometry
D. Thermometry
E. Ph-metry
ANSWER: B
Which type of cell is most sensitive to irradiation?
A. Red blood cells
B. White blood cells
C. bone cells
D. Muscle cells
E. nerve cells
ANSWER: B
Which type of cell is least sensitive to irradiation?
A. Mature lymphocytes,
B. erythroblasts,
C. spermatogonia
D. myelocytes
E. nerve cells
ANSWER: E
Direct effects of irradiation are those that
A. cause immediate cell death
B. affect structures distant from irradiated structures
C. affect the site of irradiation
D. cause the least biological effect
E. None of above
ANSWER: A
The cardinal rules of radiation protection recommended the use of
A. maximum exposure time, distance and shielding
B. automatic exposure control, fast imaging systems, and maximum shielding
C. minimum exposure time, maximum distance, and appropriate shielding
D. maximum beam restriction, minimum exposure time, and maximum distance
E. None of above
ANSWER: C