Download Science Grab Bag #______

Science Grab Bag
GB #10
Score _______
17
1. All rocks are made of minerals?
Name______________________________
Date__________________ Bell _________
2. What is a chemical composition?
True or False
3. A mineral scratches a piece of fluorite but cannot be
scratched by a piece of glass. What is the mineral’s
hardness?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 7
d. 9
4. The rock cycle builds, destroys and changes the rock
in the Earth’s (crust / core)? Circle one.
6. Why is it true that energy stored in fossil fuels once
came from the Sun?
5. Which of the following power plants uses
nonrenewable resources?
a.
b.
c.
d.
hydroelectric power plant
geothermal power plant
coal power plant
solar power plant
7. Since coal is constantly being made underground,
why is it considered a nonrenewable resource?
a. It only forms once all of the coal we have is
used up.
b. It is not alive, so it can’t be considered
renewable.
c. It cannot be formed underground.
d. It cannot be formed quickly enough for us to
use more.
a. The Sun heats the ground, which heats fossil
fuels.
b. Fossil fuels were once plants and animals that
obtained their energy from the Sun.
c. Coal and oil were once on the Earth’s surface,
soaking up solar energy.
d. The energy stored in fossil fuels did not come
from the Sun.
8. How was coal formed?
9. The more carbon that is found in coal, the more
energy that coal releases when it is burned.
If your job were to run a coal power plant, where
should you obtain coal?
a. Deep underground from an ancient riverbed that
contains many fossils.
b. Slightly below ground from an ancient desert that
contains a few fossils.
c. The bottom of an existing riverbed or seafloor.
d. The Earth’s surface in places where there are many
rocks and boulders.
10. Which of the following is a nonrenewable
resource?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Trees
Wind
Water
Natural gas
12. What is one similarity among oil, coal and natural
gas?
a. They are all petrochemicals
b. They all must be processed in a refinery
c. They are all gases at room temperature
d. They are all formed from the remains from dead
organisms.
14. Circle the examples of chemical weathering.
Underline the examples of mechanical weathering.
11. Why are fossil fuels called nonrenewable resources
if they are being produced within the Earth as you are
reading this question?
a. They are nonrenewable because they pollute the
air.
b. They are nonrenewable because they are
produced outside the United States.
c. They are nonrenewable because they take
millions of years to form.
d. They are nonrenewable because they cannot be
recycled.
13. What are the two types of weathering?
a. ___________________________________
b. ___________________________________
15. What are the three characteristics used to describe
soil?
Freezing and thawing
a. ___________________________________
Oxidation
b. ___________________________________
Water dissolving chemicals
c. ___________________________________
Abrasion
16. Which process forms humus?
a. weathering
b. decomposition
Acid rain
c. erosion
d. freezing
17. The illustration shows a rock and fertile soil. In the remaining boxes, draw the steps that could change the
rock into the soil. Label the processes in each drawing. Include at least two types of weathering.
___________
___________
____________
___________
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Science Grab Bag Reading Guide
#1... Coal is a rock but it is not made of minerals.
#2... Chemical reactions are all about electrons – sharing them, stealing them or giving them away to other atoms.
This happens according to simple rules that you will learn when you take Chemistry. These rules determine which
atoms will join with which others, and in what proportions. Composition (compose) means how things are put
together. Chemical composition means putting together specific elements in specific proportions. H 2O, CO2, H2SO4,
CaO3.
#3...
Rating
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Mineral
Talc (fingernail)
Gypsum
Calcite (copper
penny)
Fluorite (steel knife)
Apatite
Feldspar (glass)
Quartz
Topaz
Corundum
Diamond
#4... The rock cycle takes place at the earth’s crust.
#5, #10... A non-renewable
resource is a natural resource that cannot be produced, re-grown, regenerated, or
reused on a scale which can sustain its consumption rate. These resources often exist in a fixed amount, or are
consumed much faster than nature can recreate them. Fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum and natural gas) and
nuclear fuel are some examples. In contrast, resources such as timber (when harvested sustainably) or metals
(which can be recycled) are considered renewable resources.
#6, #7... In the 1700’s, almost all our energy came from wind, water, firewood or muscle power. The wind
powered our windmills and sailing ships. Water powered our water wheels. Firewood did our cooking and
heated our homes. Muscle power (human or animals) did just about everything else. All these energy sources
came from the sun, since solar energy drove wind and rain, grew trees and grew crops to nourish our animals
and ourselves. All these energy resources were also renewable, since wind kept blowing, rivers kept flowing
and tress and crops kept growing. About 1800, we began to get much of our energy from coal dug out of the
ground. About 1900 we began to drill for oil and natural gas. By 1950 these “fossil fuels had mainly displaced
the older energy sources except for water power. Fossil Fuels come from the decayed remains of prehistoric
plants and animals, so their energy also comes, originally from the sun. In some parts of the world, new fossil
fuels are being formed even today. But we are using fossil fuels at a far greater rate than they are being created,
using up energy stored over hundreds of millions of years in just a few hundred years. After 1950, we began to
use atomic energy from uranium dug from the ground. Uranium is not a fossil fuel, and its energy does not
originate from the sun. But uranium, like fossil fuels, is non-renewable; once it’s used up, it’s gone forever.
#8,12... Contrary to what many people believe, fossil fuels are not the remains of dead dinosaurs. In fact,
most of the fossil fuels we find today were formed millions of years before the first dinosaurs.
Fossil fuels, however, were once alive! They were formed from prehistoric plants and animals that lived
hundreds of millions of years ago.
#9...
Ancient Riverbed
The Carboniferous Period occurred from about 354 to 290 million
years ago during the late Paleozoic Era. The term "Carboniferous"
comes from England, in reference to the rich deposits of coal that
occur there. These deposits of coal occur throughout northern
Europe, Asia, and mid-western and eastern North America.
Carboniferous Forest : The Carboniferous Period is famous for its
vast coal swamps, such as the one depicted here. Such swamps
produced the coal from which the term "Carboniferous", or
"carbon-bearing" comes.
#11...
In addition to having the ideal conditions for the beginnings of coal,
several major biological, geological, and climatic events occurred
during
time. be produced, re-grown, regenerated, or reused on a
A non-renewable resource is a natural resource
thatthis
cannot
scale which can sustain its consumption rate. These resources often exist in a fixed amount, or are consumed much faster
than nature can recreate them. Fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum and natural gas) and nuclear fuel are some examples
and take millions of years to be produced. In contrast, resources such as timber (when harvested sustain ably) or metals
(which can be recycled) are considered renewable resources.
#13,14...The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces is called mechanical
weathering. A second type of weathering, called chemical weathering, also breaks down rock through chemical
changes.
#14...A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition (same properties
throughout) and a definite crystal structure.
#15... Soil fertility, soil texture, soil pH
#16...Decomposition is the process that forms humus.
#17… The illustration shows a rock and rick, fertile soil. In the remaining boxes, draw the steps that could
change the rock into the soil. Label the processes in each drawing. Include at least two types of weathering.
___________
Abrasion
chemical
___________
weathering ____________
decomposition
addition
___________
of humus formation
____________
of soil