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Biology 104 Study Guide - Final Exam Primitive earth - what conditions led to organic molecules and ultimately living organisms. Three major hypotheses for development of macromolecules on earth Theory of endosymbiosis, use examples Natural selection – factors, Fitness Heterozygous and homozygous traits, Adaptation, Speciation Taxonomy - Aristotle, Linnaeus, Ray - Their classification systems. Early Kingdoms, current Kingdoms, what organisms are in each, and how they are defined Prokaryotes are ONLY in Kingdom Monera - Bacteria Three Domains, what organisms are in each Classification “Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Sand” Nutrition for organisms in each kingdom Viruses - living or non-living and why, what they are made of Bacteria - how they are classified, how they divide, why they are cool Fungi - four major divisions, what the sexual spore in each is called, and why Deuteromycota are called “Imperfect Fungi” Protista: Plantlike include Algae, Animal-like include protozoans - know major divisions in each Plants - sporophyte and gametophyte stages in alternation of generations Non-vascular - know which ones are included, sporophyte and gametophyte generations Vascular non-seed - remember the fern life cycle? Vascular seed - two major types - what are their adaptations (for living on land)? Parts of a flower, Differences between monocot and dicot Animals Phylum Porifera - Sponges Phylum Cnidaria - Jellyfish, Hydras, Corals Phylum Platyhelminthes - Flatworms (Planaria, Flukes, Tapeworms) Phylum Nematoda - Roundworms - Ascaris Phylum Mollusca Class Cephalopoda - Octopus, squid Class Gastropoda - Snails, slugs, nudibranchs Class Bivalvia - Clams, scallops, oysters Phylum Annelida - Earthworms, Leeches, Polychaete worms Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Chelicerata - Spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs Subphylum Crustacea - Lobsters, shrimp, crabs, crayfish Subphylum Uniramia - Centipedes, millipedes, Superclass Insecta Phylum Echinodermata - Star fish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, brittle stars Phylum Hemichordata - Acorn worms Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicates Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Vertebrata - Superclass Agnatha, Superclass Gnathostomata Class Chondrichthyes, Class Osteichthyes, Class Amphibia, Class Reptilia, Class Aves, Class Mammalia
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