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SCIENCE 9
NAME: _____________________
BLK: ____ DATE: ____________
CHAPTER 6 (P. 186-241)
MEIOSIS IS THE BASIS OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
1. Does the genetic information that an animal like a bear or cow have come from one or
both parents? ____________________________________________________________
6.1 Meiosis (p.188-203)
1. How many chromosomes are there in a gamete compared to a normal body cell?
________________________________________________________________________
2. What are matching pairs of chromosomes called? _____________________________
3. What is the function or reason for meiosis? ___________________________________
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4. How many parents are required for sexual reproduction? ________________________
5. Explain what it means when it says in the textbook that “the offspring are genetically
different from each other”? _________________________________________________
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6. Give 4 examples of how you are genetically different than your brother, sister or
parents.
 _______________________________________________________________
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 _______________________________________________________________
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 _______________________________________________________________
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 _______________________________________________________________
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7. Explain what genetic diversity is. __________________________________________
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8. Think carefully about this. Why do you think genetic diversity is important in not only
humans but wild animals and plants as well? ___________________________________
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9. What is the common name for gametes that are produced? (Hint: one is produced by a
male and the other by a female. Look at figure 6.3.)
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
10. How many sets of chromosomes are there in a diploid cell? _____________________
11. How many sets of chromosomes are there in a haploid cell? ____________________
12. Are diploid or haploid sets carried in a gamete? ______________________________
13. Explain what happens in fertilization. ______________________________________
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14. If two haploid cells combine, is the resulting cell haploid or diploid? _____________
15. How is a zygote produced? ______________________________________________
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16. How does a zygote become an embryo? ____________________________________
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17. Define the word meiosis. ________________________________________________
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18. Explain what homologous chromosomes are? ________________________________
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19. How many haploid cells are produced by one cell in meiosis? ___________________
20. How many chromosomes are there in each haploid cell? _______________________
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21. Explain what happens during crossing over. _________________________________
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22. What is the benefit of crossing over? _______________________________________
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23. Explain what independent assortment is. ____________________________________
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24. When the four gametes in females, called eggs are produced by meiosis, how many
eggs die and how many are available to be fertilized? ____________________________
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Chromosome Mutations in Meiosis
1. What are 4 ways that a chromosome can mutate?
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2. What are mutagens? _____________________________________________________
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3. List 2 types of mutagens. _________________________________________________
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4. Explain what a karyotype is. ______________________________________________
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5. Down’s syndrome is a genetic disorder. What part of the genetic code is altered if a
person has this syndrome? __________________________________________________
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6. What are the symptoms of having Down’s syndrome? __________________________
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7. If a dog, such as a Boxer, had 76 chromosomes in a normal body cell. How many
chromosomes would there be in each of these:
a. sperm ____________
d. muscle cell ______________
b. egg _____________
e. fat cell _______________
c. 2n _____________
f. n ______________
6.2 Sexual Reproduction (p. 204-223)
1. What is another name for a male gamete? ____________________________________
2. What is another name for a female gamete? __________________________________
3. Who are the only people who have the same DNA? ____________________________
4. What type of animals use external fertilization? _______________________________
5. What is the reason that purple sea urchin sperm only fertilize the eggs of the purple sea
urchin female? ___________________________________________________________
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6. What type of material covers the sperm and is used for identification? ______________
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7. What type of material covers the egg? _______________________________________
8. What genes do sea urchins have that are the same in humans? ____________________
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9. What are the three stages of sexual reproduction?
 ________________________________________
 ________________________________________
 ________________________________________
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10. What is the reason that animals, such as sheep and horses mate at different times of
the year? ________________________________________________________________
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11. How often does an orca, also known as killer whale, produce a one offspring?
________________________________________________________________________
12. What is the reason that orcas mate with other orcas that have a different vocal call
than their own? ___________________________________________________________
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13. List the two different methods of fertilization.
 ________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________
14. Explain in detail how the process of external fertilization occurs, such as in fish or sea
urchins. _________________________________________________________________
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15. How many eggs does a female sea urchin produce in a year? ____________________
16. Explain why you think they produce this many? ______________________________
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17. List 3 reasons that external fertilization is advantageous.
 ________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________
18. a. How many organisms, such as sea urchins, actually survive until adulthood?
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b. Explain why this is. __________________________________________________
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19. Explain the difference between internal fertilization and external fertilization.
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20. What prevents more than one sperm from fertilizing a human egg? _______________
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21. List 9 animals that use internal fertilization to produce offspring.
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22. Explain why fewer eggs and zygotes are required by animals that use internal
fertilization. _____________________________________________________________
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Pollination
1. Explain what happens in pollination. ________________________________________
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2. Draw and label figure 6.28 on page 212.
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3. What is the plants male and female reproductive organ called?
 male ____________________________
 female ____________________________
4. How is pollen moved from one flower to another flower? _______________________
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5. What is it that attracts the bees and the bats to the flowers? ______________________
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6. How is pollen transported from one plant to another such as with willows and conifer
trees? __________________________________________________________________
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7. Think! Why do you think that most trees do not produce flowers to attract pollinators
but instead use different methods to transport pollen? ____________________________
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Embryonic Development
1. How long is the time period after fertilization that embryonic development takes place?
________________________________________________________________________
2. Why do scientists study embryonic development? _____________________________
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3. Draw and label Figure 6.33 on page 216.
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4. At what point in embryonic development are the cells known as embryonic stem cells?
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5. What type of cells can embryonic stem cells develop into? ______________________
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6. How many layers make up the gastrula? _____________________________________
7. List the layers that make up the gastrula.
 ______________________________________
 ______________________________________
 ______________________________________
8. Now, list the 3 layers of the gastrula and 3 organs that form from each layer.
a. ___________________________
 _______________________________
 _______________________________
 _______________________________
b. __________________________
 _______________________________
 _______________________________
 _______________________________
c. __________________________
 _______________________________
 _______________________________
 _______________________________
9. What do ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm mean in Greek? ___________________
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10. Explain what differentiation is. ___________________________________________
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11. How long is a trimester in fetal development? _______________________________
12. How many trimesters are there in fetal development? __________________________
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13. List the major changes that occur in each trimester. Include length and mass.
a. First Trimester
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b. Second Trimester
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c. Third Trimester
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14. Do question #10 on page 223. ____________________________________________
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15. Do question #12 page 223.
a. Ectoderm _______________________________________________________
c. Endoderm _______________________________________________________
d. Mesoderm ______________________________________________________
16. Describe the difference in how flowering plants and cone-bearing plants transfer
pollen from one plant to another. _____________________________________________
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17. A frog lays its eggs in the water and a crocodile lays its eggs on land. Predict which
one would lay more eggs and explain why it would lay more eggs. __________________
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CHAPTER REVIEW
1. How many daughter cells are produced when one cells undergoes meiosis? _________
2. What are the names of the gametes that are produced by the
a. Male? _______________________________
b. Female? ______________________________
3. If a bird, such as an eagle, had 40 chromosomes in a normal body cell. How many
chromosomes would there be in each of these:
a. sperm ____________
d. muscle cell ______________
b. egg _____________
e. fat cell _______________
c. 2n _____________
f. n ______________
4. Explain what a karyotype is. ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. What is the chromosome disorder if a human has 3 chromosomes instead of 2 on the
21st pair of the karyotype? __________________________________________________
6. What are the 3 main stages of sexual reproduction?
 ________________________________________
 ________________________________________
 ________________________________________
7. How do the sperm and the eggs manage to get together when organisms such as sea
urchins release them into the water? __________________________________________
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8. How does pollen (plant sperm), from a flower get to another flower in order to fertilize
that flower? _____________________________________________________________
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9. How does pollen from a plant that does not produce colourful flowers get to another
plant to fertilize the flower? _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
10. List 2 organs or tissues formed by the:
a. Ectoderm _______________________________________________________
b. Mesoderm ______________________________________________________
c. Endoderm _______________________________________________________
Chapter 6 KIM Vocab
1. Diploid Number
2. Embryo
3. Fertilization
4. gametes
5. Genetic Diversity
6. Haploid Number
7. Homologous Chromosomes
8. Sexual Reproduction
9. Zygote
10. Differentiation
11. Embryonic Development
12. External Fertilization
13. Internal Fertilization
14. Mating
15. Artificial Insemination
16. In Vitro Fertilization
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