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Unit 4 – The Cell Review
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryote
What are the names, functions, and locations of the following organelles?
 Nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, SER, RER, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplast, lysosome, peroxisome,
cytoskeleton, microtubules, flagella, cilia, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, centrosome, centrioles, large
central vacuole / tonoplast, vesicles, vacuole, cell wall, cell junctions (desmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions,
plasmodesmata)
 Explain some differences & similarities between plant, animal (Eukaryotic) and bacterial (Prokaryotic) cells:
o
eukaryotes: nucleus & membrane-bound organelles
o
plants: cell wall, chloroplasts, central vacuole
o
animals: lysosomes, centrioles
o
prokaryotes (bacteria): naked circular DNA, ribosomes, no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles,
sometimes cell wall (peptidoglycans)
Membranes
 Explain Passive Transport (Diffusion, Osmosis, & Facilitated Diffusion) vs. Active Transport
 Define: Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic
 Define turgid plant cell, plasmolysed plant cell, lysed animal cell
 vesicular transport: exocytosis, endocytosis (phagocytosis, pinocytosis)
 Know the functions of the components of a cell membrane / phospholipid bilayer/ fluid mosaic model:
o
Phosopholipids - hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails (amphipathic)
o
proteins – amphipathic, integral & transmembrane, ion channel, transport, electron transfer,
peripheral,
o
glycoproteins - recognition, receptor, adhesion
o
cholesterol - fluidity
Mitosis
 What is the purpose of mitosis? (clones, asexual reproduction, growth, repair)
 Haploid vs. diploid
 Know specifics about Interphase (G1, S, G2), Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis (animal
cleavage furrow vs. plant cell plate)
 Purpose of Checkpoints, mutation prevention, no signal at G1 checkpoint / “restriction point” à G0 – nerves, muscle
cells
 Chromosomes vs. chromatids, centromere, complementary strands
 cell division triggered by growth (surface to volume ratio), density dependent inhibition
 What are the differences between mitosis in plant cells vs. animal cells?
 How do bacteria asexually reproduce?
 Cancer = unregulated cell division
Meiosis
 What is the purpose of meiosis? “reduction division”, haploid gamete (sex cell) production, genetic variation &
recombination
 What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis? What are the differences between Meiosis I vs. Meiosis II?