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Mendel and Genetics CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 1 I. Mendel’s Contributions Gregor Mendel – Austrian monk – one of the first to __________________________________ – studied _______________________________ A. Heredity – transmission of characteristics from ________________________________________ B. Trait – genetically determined ______________________________________________ Examples: ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ C. Pollination – when pollen is transferred from _____________________________________ _____________________________________ STIGMA ANTHERS D. Self-Pollination – when __________________ _____________________________________ ____________________________________ E. Cross-Pollination – when pollen is transferred to the stigma of a _______________________ Be able to identify the following flower parts: pistil, stamen, pollen, ovule F. True-breeding – plants that, when self pollinated, ______________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ G. P generation – ___________________ _______________________________ H. F1 Generation – 1st “filial” generation – _________________________________ _________________________________ CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 2 I. F2 Generation – 2nd “filial” generation – _______________________________________________ J. Alleles – ________________________________________________________________________ Pea Pod Example: Trait = pea pod color. Alleles = genes for either green or yellow pea pods G = _______________ and g = _______________ A diploid cell has 2 alleles for pea pod color. What are the possibilities? _____ or _____ or _____ K. Dominant – alleles that are _______________________________ (mask recessive) L. Recessive – alleles that are __________________________________________________________ M. Dominant / Recessive Example: Pea pod color G = green pods – dominant g = yellow pods – recessive What will the following offspring look like? GG will have ______________________ pods Gg will have ______________________ pods gg will have ______________________ pods N. Genotype – ____________________________________________ (Gg for example) O. Phenotype – ____________________________________________ (green) P. Heterozygous – when ______________________________ ___________________________________________ (Gg) Q. Homozygous – when alleles for a trait are the ___________ (GG or gg) R. Monohybrid Cross – when you make a cross for ________ ________________________________________________ Pod Color Example = yellow pod X green pod (yellow pod crossed with green pod) one trait being investigated = pod color CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 3 S. Punnett Square – diagram used to show _______________________________________________ Monohybrid Cross Practice: T = tall t = short R = round r = wrinkled P = purple p = white 1. Cross the following: TT x tt. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is the genotype ratio? _____________________ What is the phenotype ratio? _____________________ 2. Cross a heterozygous round plant with another heterozygous round plant. What is the genotypic ratio? ________________________________________ What is the phenotypic ratio? _______________________________________ 3. Cross a heterozygous purple plant with a white plant What is the genotypic ratio? ________________________________________ What is the phenotypic ratio? _______________________________________ CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 4 4. Test Cross – 5. Incomplete Dominance - 6. Codominance - 7. Law of Segregation – a. CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 5 8. Law of Independent assortment – a. 9. Dihybrid Cross – 10. Example: a. b. 11. Dihybrid Cross Practice: CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 6 a. T = tall t = short W = white w = purple 12. Cross a heterozygous tall, white plant with another heterozygous tall, white plant. a. What is the phenotypic ratio? _____________________ b. What is the genotypic ratio? _____________________ 13. Cross a short, purple plant with a homozygous tall, heterozygous white plant. a. What is the phenotypic ratio? _____________________ CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 7 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 8 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 9 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 10 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 11 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 12 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 13 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 14 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 15 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 16 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 17 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 18 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 19 Examine the diagram. Based on what you know about the height trait in pea plants, write the probable genotype below each plant. These would be “expected” results. Use this information to answer the questions on the next page! CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 20 DIRECTIONS: Use the diagram and genotypes from the previous page as a reference to answer the following questions. Also, read and review p. 166-169 of your textbook to review Mendel’s experiments. 1. How many traits are followed in a monohybrid cross, and what are the genotypes of the parents assumed to be, based on the name of the cross? ___ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. Compare the appearance/phenotype of the plants in the F1 (first filial) and F2 (second filial) generation. ____________________________________________ CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 21 ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. What did Mendel call the observed trait that seemed to “disappear” in the F1 generation? ______________________________________________________ 4. Describe the phenotype AND genotype of the F1 generation of plants. _____ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 5. What would be the genotypes of the short pea plants in the P1 and F2 generations? _____________________________________________________ 6. Why does the trait for shortness seem to “skip” a generation? _____________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 7. How did Mendel explain the reappearance of shortness in the F2 generation? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 22 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 23 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 24 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 25 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 26 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 27 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 28 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 29 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 30 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 31 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 32 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 33 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 34 DIRECTIONS: Read and review pages 177-178 from your textbook on “Predicting results of dihybrid crosses. Next, complete (IN PENCIL) the dihybrid cross on the previous page. Finally, answer the questions below as to how a dihybrid cross works. 1. What is true about the genotypes of the parents in the P1 generation? Be as specific as possible! ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the genotype of the F1 offspring? ____________________________ 3. What is the phenotype of the F1 offspring? ___________________________ 4. Identify the possible combinations of genes that are contained in the gamets of the F1 plants (Remember! Only ONE of each type of gene should be present!) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 5. Complete the Punnett square for the F2 generation. Each box should contain FOUR possible alleles, two from each parent. Each box should also identify the phenotype for each offspring. 6. Examine your completed Punnett square carefully. How many different genotypes are possible in the F2 generation? ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 7. How many show the following phenotypes: CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 35 TALL/ROUND:__________ TALL/wrinkled:_________ short/ROUND:__________ short/wrinkled:_________ 8. What cellular process is “simulated” between the F1 male and female as gametes are made? (HINT: you’re reducing the chromosome number by half!) CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 36 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 37 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 38 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 39 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 40 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 41 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 42 CP Unit 7 Genetics – Book Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics my.hrw.com 43
