Download textbook and other materials

COURSE SYLLABUS, Fall – 2008
RT 2383
Radiographic Physics
Lecture T Th
Instructor: B.J. Rusty Middleton
Office No. MC508
Office Hours: Posted
Office Phone: 595-7012
Email: [email protected]
8:00 – 9:20 AM
ALLIED HEALTH SERVICES
Chairman: Dr. Jim Pickens
Office No. MP 458
Phone No. (918) 595-7002
COURSE PRE-REQUISITE
ACT Math Score > 18 or MTH 0123, RT 2301, RT 2314
TEXTBOOK AND OTHER MATERIALS
1. Radiologic Science for Technologists, Stewart C. Bushong 8th Edition
2. Radiologic Science for Technologists Workbook Stewart C. Bushong 8th Edition
CATALOG DESCRIPTION
Topics covered include units of measurement, mechanics, structure of matter, electrostatics,
magnetism, electrodynamics, electromagnetism, rectification, x-ray tubes, x-ray circuits and
equipment. Lecture 3 hours. No Laboratory.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
The student will be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Describe and identify characteristics of the forms of matter and energy.
Describe the general theories of physics and atomic structure.
Calculate problems using basic rules of algebra.
Understand the nature and relationship of electricity and magnetism.
Describe the multiple energy transformation required for the production of x-ray.
Appreciate the complexity of radiography equipment and formulate procedures for
equipment maintenance.
7. Describe the interactions of radiation with matter, and define units of radiation and
radioactivity.
TEACHING METHODS
This course is basically a lecture course with some laboratory type demonstrations to illustrate
some of the electrical principles related to x-ray physics and electricity.
1.
EVALUATION TECHNIQUES
Four Unit Exams
- 100 points each = 500 points
Final Exam (Comprehensive) - 100 points
= 100 points
Unit 1 Exam – Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4
Unit 2 Exam – Chapters 5, 6
Unit 3 Exam – Chapters 7, 8, 9
Unit 4 Exam – Chapters 10, 11, 12
Quizzes, Worksheets, Etc. - 100 points
= 100 points
GRADING SYSTEM
Final course grades are based upon a percentage of the total exam points according to the
following scale:
93% - 100% = A
85% - 92% = B
75% - 84% = C
74% and below = F
Students must achieve a 75% average on test scores alone before other scores are included in the
final average. A test score average of less than 75% results in failure of the course.
Students must achieve a “C” average in this course in order to continue in the Radiography
program.
Any student that achieves a 93% or higher average grade on each of ALL four unit exams will
have the option to waive the final examination.
ATTENDANCE POLICY
Students are expected to attend all classes. Students are expected to be on time, and leaving
early will count as an absence. If Tulsa Community College is closed, there will be no class.
LATE ASSIGNMENTS AND MAKE-UP TEST POLICY
Ten percent of the total possible points will be deducted from late assignments and make up test
scores. No make up quizzes. Any missed exam must be rescheduled no later than the day
following the exam, and the exam must be completed before the next class meeting or a score of
0 will be recorded.
ADDITIONAL RULES
Students responsible for cell phones, beepers, pagers, etc. going off during class time will lose 5
points off their grade.
If a student needs to leave the classroom during an examination, the examination will need to be
turned in to the instructor and will be counted as completed. Student will not be allowed to
return to complete the exam.
Students may use their own BASIC calculator. Calculators cannot be shared with another
person. No other devices may be used as a calculator.
2.
Course Withdrawal: The deadline to withdraw from a course shall not exceed 3/4 the
duration of any class. Contact the Counseling Office at any TCC campus to initiate
withdrawal from a course ('W' grade) or to change from Credit to Audit. Check the TCC
Academic Calendar for deadlines. Students who stop participating in the course and fail to
withdraw may receive a course grade of “F,” which may have financial aid consequences for
the student.
Communications:
Email communications: All TCC students receive a designated “MyTCC” email
address (ex: [email protected]). All communications to you about TCC
and course assignments will be sent to your MyTCC email address; and you must use
MyTCC email to send email to, and receive email from, the instructor regarding this
course.
Inclement Weather: TCC rarely closes. If extreme weather conditions or emergency
situations arise, TCC always gives cancellation notices to radio and television
stations. This information is also posted on the TCC website (www.tulsacc.edu).
General Education Goals: General Education courses at TCC ensure that our graduates
gain skills, knowledge, and abilities that comprise a common foundation for their higher
education and a backdrop for their work and personal lives. TCC’s General Education goals
are: Critical Thinking, Effective Communication, Engaged Learning, and Technological
Proficiency.
Classroom Etiquette: Open and mutually respectful communication of varied opinions,
beliefs, and perspectives during classroom or online discussion encourages the free exchange
of ideas that is essential to higher learning and to the ability to learn from each other. Use of
any electronic device is at the discretion of the instructor.
Syllabus Changes: Occasionally, changes to the syllabus may be necessary. Students will
be notified of any changes to the syllabus in writing.
Students with Disabilities: TCC provides accommodations for qualifying students in
compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. For information, students may contact
the disabled Student Resource Center, 918-595-7115, or the Resource Center for the Deaf
and Hard of Hearing, 918-595-7428V, 918-595-7434TTY.
Academic Dishonesty: Academic dishonesty (cheating) is defined as the deception of others
about one’s own work or about the work of another. Academic dishonesty or misconduct is
not condoned or tolerated at campuses within the Tulsa Community College system. Tulsa
Community College adopts a policy delegating certain forms of authority for disciplinary
action to the faculty. Such disciplinary actions delegated to the faculty include, but are not
limited to, the dismissal of disrespectful or disorderly students from classes. In the case of
academic dishonesty a faculty member may:
require the student to redo an assignment or test, or require the student to complete a
substitute assignment or test;
Record a "zero" for the assignment or test in question;
Recommend to the student that the student withdraw from the class, or administratively
withdraw the student from the class;
Record a grade of "F" for the student at the end of the semester.
Faculty may request that disciplinary action be taken against a student at the administrative
level by submitting such request to the Dean of Student Services.
Institutional Statement: Each student is responsible for being aware of the information
contained in the TCC Catalog, the TCC Student Policies & Resources Handbook, and
semester information listed in the class schedule. All information may be viewed on the TCC
website: www.tulsacc.edu
TENTATIVE LECTURE SCHEDULE
Aug. 19 - Syllabus and Introduction
21 – Concepts of Radiologic Science - Chapter 1 – Bushong
26– Concepts of Radiologic Science – Chapter 1 – Bushong
28– Radiologic Quantities and Units – Chapter 2 – Bushong
Sept. 2– Fundamentals of the Physics – Chapter 3 - Bushong
4- The Atom – Chapter 4 - Bushong
9- The Atom – Chapter 4 – Bushong
11- EXAMINATION – CHAPTERS 1, 2, 3, 4
16-Electromagnetic Radiation – Chapter 5 – Bushong
18– Electromagnetic Radiation – Chapter 5 - Bushong
23- Electromagnetic Radiation – Chapter 5 – Bushong
25– Electricity and Magnetism – Chapter 6 – Bushong
30 - Electricity and Magnetism – Chapter 6 – Bushong
Oct.
2– Electricity and Magnetism – Chapter 6 - Bushong
7 –EXAMINATION – CHAPTERS 5, 6
9– Electromagnetism – Chapter 7 – Bushong
14– Electromagnetism – Chapter 7 – Bushong
16– The X-ray Imaging System – Chapter 8 - Bushong
21– The X-ray Imaging System – Chapter 8 – Bushong
23- The X-ray Tube – Chapter 9 – Bushong
28– The X-ray Tube – Chapter 9 – Bushong
30 – Exam review
Nov. 4– EXAMINATION – CHAPTER 7, 8, 9
6- X-ray Production – Chapter 10 – Bushong
11– X-ray Production – Chapter 10 – Bushong
13– X-ray Emission – Chapter 11 – Bushong
18– X-ray Emission – Chapter 11 – Bushong
20– X-ray Interaction with Matter – Chapter 12 – Bushong
27– THANKSGIVING
27– X-ray Interaction with Matter – Chapter 12 – Bushong
29– EXAMINATION – CHAPTERS 10, 11, 12
Dec.
2– Review
4 - Review
9- FINAL EXAMINATION – 8:00 – 9:50 A.M.
RADIOGRAPHY COURSE CONTENT OUTLINE
R.T. 2383 RADIOGRAPHIC PHYSICS
A. Basic Concepts of Radiation Science
1. Matter and Energy
a. Matter and mass
b. Energy
2. Ionizing Radiation
a. Natural sources of ionizing radiation
b. Medical x-ray
Bushong Chap. 1
B. Radiographic Definitions and Mathematics Review
Bushong Chap. 2
1. Definitions of Radiography
a. Numeric prefixes and introduction to exponential notation
b. Units of ionizing radiation
2. Mathematics and Algebra Review
a. Number systems
b. Algebra
c. Graphing
C. Fundamentals of the Physics of Radiation Science
1. Units of Measurements
a. Base quantities and derived quantities
2. Standards of Measurements
a. Length
b. Mass
c. Time
3. Systems of Measurement
a. MKS
b. CGS
c. British systems
4. Mechanics
a. Velocity
b. Acceleration
c. Motion
d. Weight
e. Momentum
f. Work
g. Power
h. Energy
i. Kinetic energy
j. Heat
k. Potential energy
Bushong Chap. 3
D. The Atom
1. Centuries of Discovery
a. Greek atom
b. Dalton atom
c. Thompson atom
d. Bohr Atom
2. Combinations of Atoms
3. Fundamental Paticles
a. Covalent bonding
b. Ionic bonding
4. Atomic Nomenclature
5. Atomic Structure
a. Electron arrangement
6. Radioactivity
a. Radioisotopes
7. Types of Ionizing Radiation
a. Particulate radiation
b. Electromagnetic radiation
E. Electromagnetic Radiation
1. Photons
a. Velocity and amplitude
b. Frequency and wavelength
c. Inverse square law
2. Electromagnetic Spectrum
a. Visible light
b. Radio frequency
c. Ionizing radiation
3. Wave-Particle Duality
a. Wave model: visible light
b. Particle model: quantum theory
4. Matter and Energy Review
F. Electricity
1. Electricity
2. Electrostatics
a. Units of electric charge
b. Electrification
c. Electrostatic laws
d. Electric potential (volt)
3. Electrodynamics
a. Conductors and insulators
b. Electric circuits
c. Direct current and alternating current
d. Electric power
Bushong Chap. 4
Bushong Chap. 5
Bushong Chap. 6
G. Magnetism
1. History of Naturally Occurring Magnetic Materials
2. Introduction to Magnetism
3. Classification of magnets
4. Magnetic Laws
a. Dipoles
b. Attraction and repulsion
c. Magnetic induction
d. Magnetic force
H. Electromagnetism
1. Electromagnetic Force
a. Battery
b. Electricity and magnetism
2. Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
a. Faraday’s law
b. Lenz’ law
c. Self-induction
d. Mutual induction
3.Electromechanical and Electronic Devices
a. Electric generator
b. Electric motor
c. Transformer
d. Rectifier
Bushong Chap. 7
I. The X-ray Unit
1. X-ray Unit
a. Operating Console
2. High-Voltage Generator
a. High-voltage transformer
b. Voltage rectification
3. Single-Phase Power
4. Three-Phase Power
a. High-frequency generator
b. Voltage ripple
5. Power Rating
a. X-ray circuit
Bushong Chap. 8
J. The X-ray Tube
1. External Structure
a. Support structures
b. Protective housing
c. Glass envelope
Bushong Chap. 9
2. Internal Structure
a. Cathode
b. Anode
3. Tube Failure
a. Causes
b. Prevention of tube failure with tube rating charts
K.
X-ray Production
Bushong Chap. 10
1. Electron-Target Interactions
a. Heat production
b. Characteristic radiation
c. Bremsstrahlung radiation
2. X-ray Emission Spectrum
a. Characteristic x-ray spectrum
b. Bremsstrahlung x-ray spectrum
c. Minimum wavelength equals maximum x-ray energy
3. Factors Affecting X-ray Emission Spectrum
a. Effect of MA
b. Effect of KVP
c. Effect of added filtration
d. Effect of target material
e. Influence of voltage waveform
L.
X-ray Emission
1. X-ray Quantity
a. Output intensity
b. Factors affecting x-ray quantity review
2. X-ray Quality
a. Penetrability
b. Half-value layer
c. Factors affecting x-ray quality review
M.
X-ray Interaction with Matter
1. X-ray Interactions with Matter
a. Classical scattering
b. Compton effect
c. Photoelectric effect
d. Pair production
e. Photodisintegration
2. Differential Absorption
a. Dependence on the density of matter
3. Attenuation
a. Absorption
4. Radiologic Contrast Agents
Bushong Chap. 11
Bushong Chap. 12