Download DNA and cell cycle review packet

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DNA / Cell Cycle Review Packet
1. What is the ultimate function of a DNA molecule?
2. DNA molecules are made up of what “unit?”
3. What are the three parts of this DNA unit? Be specific on that sugar!! Which two parts make up the backbone of
the DNA strand?
4. What are the complementary base pairing rules?
5. What is the bond that holds together the two strands of nucleotides in DNA?
6. What is the physical structure of DNA and who discovered it? (Include all scientists involved)
7. What was Chargaff’s rule?
8. What molecule is pictured in the diagram below?
9. Using the base pairing rules, complete the other side of DNA.
5’ AATTCGGATCCGGTA 3’
10. In order to replicate, DNA molecules separate at which location?
11. What are the three enzymes responsible for DNA replication and what do they do in the process?
12. Label the following diagram with the following terms:
a. Leading strand
b. Lagging strand
c. Okazaki fragment
d. DNA ligase
e. Replication fork
f. DNA Polymerase
g. Draw in Helicase where is should be found
13. What is the correct order of the cell cycle?
14. In order for DNA to fit inside the cell nucleus, when it is not in the process of dividing, what form is it in? What
protein aids in this? Be specific!!
15. What is the difference between DNA, chromatin, chromosomes, and sister chromatids? How are they all similar?
16. What is a chromatid?
17. Label the following structure at the arrows with the correct term.
18. At what stage of the cell cycle do cells spend most of their time? ____________________
19. At what stage of the cell cycle does the genetic material (DNA) of a cell replicate? __________________
20. What are the four stages of Mitosis and what happens at each stage? Label each picture with the correct stage.
Please use the back side if you need more room.
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21. What is the purpose of Mitosis?
22. Why is it more accurate to call Mitosis nuclear division rather than cell division?
23. What types of cells in your body undergo Mitosis?
24. What is Cytokinesis?
RNA

List and describe the function of the 3 types of RNA.

What are the differences between RNA and DNA (structural and functional)
Transcription
 What is transcription?

Where does this happen?

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

What is the resulting molecule of transcription?
Translation
 What is translation?

Where does translation happen in the cell?

Describe the process of translation- Include the interactions of all 3 RNA’s

What is a codon? What is an anti-codon? Which strands are they on?

What type of bond forms between the amino acids?

What is the final product of translation?
Identify
12345Place a circle around ONE codon
Place a rectangle around ONE anti-codon
Mutations
 Describe what a mutation is, in general.

What is a point mutation?

A substitution?

Deletion?

Insertion?
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Silent mutation?

What is a Frameshift mutation?
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Are all mutations bad? Do they always show? Explain.