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AP Human Geography
Industry
Test
Name_________________________
Date__________________________
1. Prior to the Industrial Revolution of the 1700s, industrial production in Europe consisted largely of “cottage
industries” which were
A. highly clustered in a particular area
B. concentrated in the South
C. widely dispersed
D. almost non-existent
E. located along rivers
2. The Industrial Revolution began in
A. northern France
C. central France
F. southern England
B. southern France
D. northern England
3. The cottage industry system involved manufacturing
A. of handmade luxury items
B. in the home
C. of steam engines
D. in small factories
D. by slave labor
4. Early steel industries were greatly influenced by the need to have local availability of large amounts of
A. coal
B. tin
C. copper
D. wood
F. dross
5. All of the following descriptions explain in part the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT
A. Hierarchical diffusion – The British Empire spread industrial concepts throughout many world cities and
regions
B. Contagious diffusion – manufacturing ideas and concepts spread from England to nearby European
countries
C. Stimulus diffusion – Many American and European companies modified ideas and concepts from
England and created new ways of manufacturing
D. Reverse hierarchical – manufacturing ideas and concepts from the outlying rural areas of the British
Empire spread back to England and stimulated the Industrial Revolution
E. Diffused to areas with common locational factors including the availability of coal, access to a water
port, proximity to labor supply and available capital
6. Early industries in the United States grew along the “fall line” east of the Appalachian Mountains (the boundary
between the piedmont and the coastal plain where waterfalls often occur and where cities like Baltimore,
Washington, Fredericksburg, Richmond are located). They grew here to take advantage of what ubiquitous
resource?
A. abundant coal
B. abundant iron
C. water power
D. Abundant labor force
E. Access to European markets
7.
Using a global scale, which of the following regions would NOT be considered a major manufacturing region
during the 20th Century?
A. Eastern China
B. Eastern North America
C. Western Europe
D. Southern India
E. Eastern Europe
8.
Which of the following factors helps to explain why automobile manufacturing facilities are being built in the
Southern United States as opposed to the traditional locations of Michigan and other states in the Midwest?
A. Increasing cost of automobile maintenance
B. Workers in the South are less likely to join a union
C. Increasing competition from cars produced in China
D. The largest population clusters in the U.S. are in the South
E. Hybrid technology exists in greater supplies in the South than in other regions of the U.S.
9. Which of the following best explains why many companies continue to locate factories in traditional
manufacturing regions like the northeast United States and Western Europe?
A. Low cost labor and loose environmental laws
B. Large pools of skilled labor and quick delivery to large markets
C. Stable government and low labor costs
D. Weak unions and stringent environmental laws
E. Decreasing global transportation costs and rising labor costs in China
10. Which stage if the classic Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is most associated with the industrialization of a
country’s economy?
A. Stage I
B. Stage II
C. Stage III
D. Stage IV
E. Stage V
11. Significant site factors include all but which of the following?
A. Availability of capital
B. availability of labor
C. land costs
D. transportation costs
E. none, as all of the above are significant site factors
12. A lumber mill tends to locate near the forested area being harvested because lumber milling is
A. A bulk-reducing industry
B. A perishable product industry
C. A site sensitive industry
D. A specialized manufacturer
E. Not concerned with renewing its own resource
13. Situation issues are critical to a firm that wishes to
A. Avoid labor unions
B. Minimize production costs inside the plant
C. Minimize transportation costs
D. Indentify unique characteristics of a region
E. Attract highly skilled labor
14. Beer bottling is an example of a
A. Perishable industry
C. bulk-gaining industry
E. labor intensive industry
B. specialized industry
D. bulk-reducing industry
15. The steel industry moved westward in the 19th Century primarily because of better access to
A. coal
B. iron ores
C. labor
D. transportation
E. capital
16. The “Varignon Frame” (as seen above) was an attempt to realize the concept of the “locational triangle” as
hypothesized by economic analyst Weber. It seeks to find the balance point between
A. Market, labor, and raw materials
B. Labor, capital and raw materials
C. Market and two raw materials
D. Labor, market and capital
E. Three raw materials
17. Steel mills are currently relocating as mini-mills in most major U.S. cities because of a change in their
A. Source of labor
B. capital requirements
C. transportation costs
D. energy costs
E. source of raw materials
18. The “just-in-time” manufacturing has encouraged the development of what practice among plants and
factories?
A. agglomeration
B. disaggregation
C. downsizing
D. outsourcing
E. maqiladora production
19. Which of the following products is not considered “market oriented” due to perishability?
A. newspapers
B. fluid milk
C. soft bakeries
D. soft drink bottling
E. all are considered market oriented due to perishability
20. An industry which can relocate almost anywhere without significantly increasing its transportation costs is
known as
A. footloose
B. low threshold
C. no threshold
D. optimum location
E. single market
21. A company which uses more than one mode of transportation will often locate near
A. a break-of-bulk point
B. consumers
C. raw materials
D. suburbs
E. areas with rivers and railroads
22. Over the shortest distance, which of the following modes of transportation has the lowest cost per mile?
A. rail
B. truck
C. barge
D. air
E. impossible to tell
23. The U.S. textile industry has moved from its origin in the Northeast to the Southeast, and then to Appalachia. In
each case, it was seeking
A. better access to markets
B. low-cost labor
C. skilled labor
D. less-than-optimum location
E. single market
24. Computer technical support jobs are increasingly being outsourced to India because, in part, of improvements
in telecommunication technology. Which term best exemplifies this trend?
A. Space-time compression
B. Agglomeration
C. Absolute distance
D. Multiplier effect
E. Non-governmental organizations
25. Communities and governments offer which of the following “site” incentives to industries in order to promote
their location within their area?
A. grants
B. low cost loans
C. tax breaks
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
26. An industry which locates within a region, yet sells its products or services outside the regions (thus bringing IN
more dollars than it sends out) is known as
A. basic industry
B. non-basic industry
C. productive industry
D. primary industry
D. maquiladora
27. The “regional multiplier” is a number which indicates how many new __________ are created in a region when
the type of industry described in the previous question locates there.
A. factories
B. dollars
C. jobs
D. economic sectors
E. unskilled labor sources
28. The government of the microstate of Singapore has intentionally developed what aspect in order to increase
the desirability of its site for industrial development?
A. availability of unskilled labor
B. modern facilities
C. availability of raw materials
D. proximity to regional markets
E. all of the above
29. Which of the following represents the most important reason for which plants locate on the U.S.-Mexico
border?
A. raw materials
B. transportation costs
C. labor costs
D. environmental regulations
E. all of the above are equally important
30. NAFTA and the EU represent two of the world’s largest
A. transnational corporations
B. multinational corporations
C. trading blocs
D. military alliances
E. Industrial complexes
31. Which of the following phrases accurately represents a disadvantage of LDCs as they seek to industrialize?
A. LDCs are too distant from labor sources
B. LDCs lack raw materials necessary for industrialization such as coal and iron ore
C. Demand in MDCs is stagnant
D. LDCs lack proper infrastructural development to support industrialization on a large scale
E. All of the above are accurate
32. Abandoned and polluted industrial sites are a growing problem for municipalities in the U.S. and Europe. These
facilities are known as
A. footloose sites
B. “brownfields”
C. redevelopment zones
D. gentrified areas
E. Specialized Economic Zones
33. Steel production is growing fastest in which of the following world regions?
A. North America
B. Western Europe
C. Australia/Pacific
D. East Asia
E. Eastern Europe
34. Which of the following terms is most well-associated with production facilities along the U.S.-Mexico border?
A. maquiladora
B. tertiary industry
C. international division of labor
D. Four Tigers
E. A and C
35. Four of the following lists contain fossil fuels and biomass fuels combined. Only one contains fossil fuels.
Identify it.
A. Petroleum, wood, animal waste
B. Natural gas, coal, plant matter
C. Animal waste, natural gas, wood
D. Wood, petroleum, coal
E. Coal, natural gas, petroleum
36. The largest proven reserves of petroleum are found in the Middle East/Persian Gulf region. Where are the
largest known reserves of oil shale and tar sands located?
A. Eastern China
B. Brazil
C. Western U.S.
D. Northern Canada
E. Australia
37. Which of the following countries are members of OPEC?
A. Nigeria
B. Indonesia
C. Venezuela
D. Iran
E. All of the above
38. Since the 1970s, the U.S. has sought to decrease dependence on OPEC petroleum supplies by
A. stockpiling petroleum in the U.S.
B. obtaining increased amounts of petroleum from non-OPEC supplies like Canada and Columbia
C. increased fuel efficiency measures within the country
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
39. In North Korea there is an area called Rajin-Sonbong. China is investing in this particular area, and foreign
currency is allowed to be used there. According to the chief executive of the region, “It will be a totally capitalist
region. It will have its own legislative, judicial, and executive powers without any interference from the [North
Korean] central government.” It is hoped that international investors will be attracted by the cheap land and
labor, low taxes and good geographic location. Which of the following terms BEST describes this scenario?
A. threshold/range
B. deindustrialization
C. bid-rent theory
D. entrepot
E. specialized economic zone
40. Which of the following would be considered a skilled labor industry?
A. microchip industry
B. automobile manufacturing
C. ubiquitous industry
D. growth pole industry
E. weight-gaining industry
41. Which of the following best exemplifies industrial inertia?
A. Joe’s factory had access to a large pool of cheap labor. The workers unionized, and labor costs went up,
but Joe kept his factory in the same place.
B. General Motors and Zenith realized they were losing money on labor costs, and they moved their
production facilities to maquiladoras along the U.S.-Mexico border
C. Outsourcing
D. Economies of scale
E. Export processing zone
42. Which of the following terms are best paired as far as a positively correlated relationship?
A. Agglomeration and cumulative causation
B. Air pollution and ozone depletion
C. Ecotourism and acid rain
D. Topocide and deglomeration
E. A, B, D
F. A and B
43. Which of the following is not a locational tendency of high tech industry?
A. Proximity to a major university.
B. Access to venture capital and entrepreneurs.
C. Areas with high quality of life reputations.
D. Inner-city, downtown locations close to central business districts.
E. Availability of high quality communication and transportation facilities.
44. Many United States high tech companies have been outsourcing many of their technical support and other
tertiary jobs to which of the following countries?
A. India
B. China
C. South Africa
D. Saudi Arabia
E. Germany
45. Consider the photograph to the left.
What is the term geographers use for this
type of location?
A. raw-materials orientation
B. primary industry
C. break-of-bulk point
D. complementary trade
E. cumulative causation
46. What occurs at the location in the
photograph?
A. The transfer of inputs and outputs
B. An increase in the cost to the product
producer
C. the substitution principle
D. all of the above
E. A and B
47. In what stage of Rostow’s International Trade Approach model would Weber’s Least Cost Theory be
most applicable?
A. Stage 1
B. Stage 3
C. Stage 6
D. Stage 2
E. Age of Mass Consumption
48. Based on the concept of Wallerstein’s World Systems Analysis, which of the following countries best fits
the description of semi-periphery in the early 21st Century?
A. Afghanistan
B. China
C. Cuba
D. Germany
E. Nigeria
49. Which of the following development schools of thought advocates that the dynamic between highly developed and
developing countries, permanently keeps less developed countries at an economic disadvantage?
A. appropriation
B. dependency
C. modernization
D. neoliberal counterrevolution
E. sustainable development
50. Weber’s least cost location theory uses all of the following factors to determine optimum location of a
manufacturing facility except
A. labor cost.
B. transportation cost.
C. agglomeration effects.
D. relative location of resources and markets.
E. global division of labor
51. In the context of industrial location, which of the following best describes the concept of site?
A. The unique characteristics of a location including the factors of labor, capital and land.
B. The location of an industry in relation to other industries.
C. A force that attracts industries to a specific location.
D. An area with advanced technology and culture.
E. The number of jobs that an industry will create in a region.