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Human Anatomy
BIO211
Summary Tables of Attachment Sites and Actions of Selected Head, Trunk and
Limb Muscles
Head and Neck Muscles:
Muscles Moving the Head
Name of Muscle
Attachment Sites
Semispinalis capitis
Splenius capitis
Sternocleidomastoid Superior: Mastoid process
of temporal bone
Inferior: Manubrium and
clavicle
Action
Extends and rotates head
Extends, rotates and flexes
laterally the head
Simultaneous contraction of
both heads of muscle –
flexion of head
Individual contraction –
rotates and flexes head to
opposite side of contracting
muscle
Muscles of Facial Expression
Name of Muscle
Action
Buccinator
Compresses (pulls inward) cheeks (as in whistling
and kissing)
Depressor labii inferioris
Depresses lower lip (as in frowning or expression
of doubt)
Levator labii superioris
Elevates upper lip as (as in sneering)
Occipitofrontalis
Elevates eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead,
draws scalp anteriorly (expressions of surprise or
fright)
Orbicularis oculi
Closes eye by depressing upper eyelid and
elevating lower eyelid (blinking or squinting)
Orbicularis oris
Compresses lip, protrudes and purses lips (as in
kissing)
Platysma
Depresses mandible, depresses lower lip back and
down, tenses skin of neck
Zygomaticus
Retracts and elevates upper lip and corner of
mouth (as in smiling)
Muscles of Mastication
Name of Muscle
Attachment Sites
Temporalis
Superior: Temporal lines on
parietal and frontal bones
Inferior: Coronoid process
of mandible
Masseter
Superior: Zygomatic arch
Inferior: Lateral side of
mandible
Action
Elevates and retracts
mandible for biting and
chewing,
Elevates and protracts
mandible
Human Anatomy BIO 211 Muscle Tables
Hyoid Muscles
Name of Muscle
Digastric
page 2 of 4
Attachment Sites
Superior: Mastoid process
(posterior belly), mandible
near midline (anterior belly)
Inferior: Hyoid
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Action
Depresses mandible when
hyoid is fixed by other
muscles, retracts mandible
and elevates hyoid
Protracts and elevates
hyoid, depresses mandible
Elevates floor of mouth and
hyoid during swallowing
Depresses hyoid, fixes
hyoid for depression of
mandible
Depresses hyoid
Trunk Muscles:
Muscles Acting on the Vertebral Column
Name of Muscle
Action
Iliocostalis
Extends and flexes laterally vertebral column
Longissimus
Extends and flexes laterally vertebral column
Spinalis
Extends vertebral column
Semispinalis
Extends neck and vertebral column
Interspinales
Extends back and neck
Multifidus
Extends and rotates vertebral column
Muscles of the Thorax
Name of Muscle
Diaphragm
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Name of Muscle
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Action
Depresses floor of thoracic cavity for
inhalation
Elevates ribs for inhalation
Depresses ribs for exhalation
Action
Compression of abdomen, flexion (lateral and
anterior) and rotation of vertebral column
Compression of abdomen, flexion (lateral and
anterior) and rotation of vertebral column
Compression of abdomen
Compression of abdomen and flexion
(anterior) of vertebral column
Human Anatomy BIO 211 Muscle Tables
page 3 of 4
Upper Limb Muscles:
Muscles that Act upon the Scapula
Name of Muscle
Action
Pectoralis minor
Depression and protraction of scapula
Serratus anterior
Protraction and rotation of scapula
Rhomboid
Elevation, retraction and rotation of scapula
Levator scapulae
Elevation and rotation of scapula
Trapezius
Superior fibers – elevation of scapula
Middle fibers – retraction of scapula
Inferior fibers – depression of scapula
Muscles Acting on the Arm
Name of Muscle
Attachment Sites
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Proximal: Sternum, clavicle
and ribs
Distal: Intertubercular
sulcus of humerus
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Supraspinatus (S)
Infraspinatus (I)
Teres minor (T)
Subscapularis (S)
Proximal: Supraspinous
fossa of scapula
Distal: Greater tubercle of
humerus
Proximal: Infraspinous
fossa of scapula
Distal: Greater tubercle of
humerus
Proximal: Lateral edge of
scapula
Distal: Greater tubercle of
humerus
Proximal: Subscapular fossa
Distal: Lesser tubercle of
humerus
Muscles Acting on the Forearm
Name of Muscle
Attachment Sites
Biceps brachii
Proximal: Scapula
Distal: Radial tuberosity
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Triceps brachii
Proximal: Scapula and
humerus
Distal: Olecranon of ulna
Action
Abduction, flexion,
extension and rotation of
arm
Flexion, medial rotation and
adduction of arm
Extension, medial rotation
and adduction of arm
Extension, adduction and
medial rotation of arm
Abduction of arm
Adduction and lateral
rotation of arm
Adduction and lateral
rotation of arm
Medial rotation of arm
Action
Flexion and supination of
forearm
Flexion of forearm
Flexion of forearm
Extension of forearm
Human Anatomy BIO 211 Muscle Tables
Pronator teres
Supinator
page 4 of 4
Pronation of forearm
Supination of forearm
Muscles of Forearm Acting on Wrist, Hand and Fingers
Name of Muscle
Action
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexion of wrist and abduction of hand
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexion of wrist and adduction of hand
Flexor digitorum
Flexion of wrist and digits
Extensor carpi radialis
Extension of wrist and abduction of hand
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extension of wrist and adduction of hand
Extensor digitorum
Extension of wrist and digits
Muscles Acting on the Thigh
Name of Muscle
Attachment Sites
Iliopsoas
Gluteus maximus
Proximal: Ilium, sacrum and
coccyx
Distal: Posterior side of
femur
Gluteus medius
Proximal: Ilium
Distal: Greater trochanter of
femur
Gluteus minimus
Proximal: Ilium
Distal: Greater trochanter of
femur
Muscles of the Thigh
Name of Muscle
Attachment Sites
Quadriceps
Proximal: Ilium, greater
femoris
trochanter of femur and shaft
of femur
Distal: Tibial tuberosity of
tibia
Sartorius
Adductors
Hamstrings
Muscles Acting on Leg, Ankle and Foot
Name of Muscle
Attachment Sites
Gastrocnemius
Proximal: Lateral and medial
condyles of femur
Distal: Calcaneus
(gastrocnemius and soleus
attach to calcaneus via the
calcaneal tendon)
Soleus
Action
Flexion of thigh at hip
Extension and lateral
rotation of thigh at hip
Abduction of thigh at hip
Abduction of thigh at hip
Action
Extension of knee
Flexion of thigh and knee
and lateral rotation of thigh
Adduction of thigh
Flexion of knee
Action
Flexion of foot
Flexion of foot