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Review Chapter 4
Cells
Name the two scientists that
discovered the cell.
Robert Hooke: observed
cork and called them cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek:
observed living cells
Name the three parts of the
cell theory.
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1. All living things are
composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit
of structure and function
3. New cells are produced
from existing cells.
Contrast prokaryotes and
eukaryotes (Short answer)
Prokaryotes
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 No nucleus
 Small and simple
 Have cell membrane,
cytoplasm, DNA,
ribosomes
 Example: bacteria
Eukaryotes
 Contain nucleus
 Contain organelles
 Large and complex
 Example: plants, animals,
and fungi
3
Explain the diversity of
cells. (Short answer)
Size: cells are limited in size
by the ratio between their
outer surface area and their
volume (get food faster)
Shape: cells come in a
variety of shapes and their
shape reflects their function
Identify and explain the
function of the structures of
the cell. (Matching)
4
Cell wall: structure and
support for the cell (in plants)
Nucleus: controls cell
processes and contains
genetic information
Cytoskeleton: network of
protein filaments that helps
the cell maintain its shape
and helps with cell movement
(microfilaments and
microtubules)
Ribosomes: make proteins
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Rough ER: intracellular
highway: membrane system
that has ribosomes that makes
proteins
Smooth ER: membrane
system with specialized
tasks/ intracellular highway
with no ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus: processes
and packages proteins
Lysosomes: digest proteins,
lipids, carbohydrates, old
organelles, other debris
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Vacuoles: fluid filled saclike
storage structures, provide
support for plants
Chloroplasts: contain
chlorophyll and location of
photosynthesis (in plants)
Mitochondria: makes energy
(ATP)
Cell membrane: regulates
what enters and leaves the
cell and provides protection
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and support: made up of a
lipid bilayer
Describe the cell membrane
Selectively permeable:
allows some substances to
cross membrane and other
substances cannot cross
Phospholipid bilayer: polar
heads and nonpolar tails
Peripheral proteins: proteins
on surface of membrane
8
Integral proteins: in the
bilayer and act as channels to
move substances across the
membrane
Label the parts of an
animal cell. Same picture
p. 74
Label the parts of a cell
membrane. p. 78
9
Define the following levels
of multicellular organism.
List for short answer
1. Cell: smallest unit that
maintains basic life processes
2. Tissues: similar cells that
perform a specific function
3. Organs: several types of
tissues that carry out a
specific function
4. Organ systems: made
up of a group of organs
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that work together to
perform a set of related
tasks
Difference between cell wall
and cell membrane (Short
Answer)
Cell wall is in plant cells and
provides structure and
support
11
Cell membrane is in both
plant and animal cells and
regulates the movement of
molecules into and out of the
cell
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