Download Reading Guide for Chapter 5

Geology 101
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Reading Guide for Chapter 5
The purpose of the reading guides is to help you sort out the most important topics in the
text. I recommend you answer the following questions while reading the text. Remember,
you may use your reading guides for reference while taking the quizzes.
Chapter 7 deals with volcanism, volcanic deposits, and volcanic landforms
Chapter 5—The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions
Introduction (p. 112)
1. What is the definition of a volcano?
The Products of Volcanic Eruptions (p. 113)
2. What is a lava flow?
3. Compare and contrast two types of mafic lava flows: pahoehoe and a’a.
4. Is columnar jointing a cooling feature or a melting feature? Explain.
5. Rank these lavas in terms of how far they will flow from a vent: rhyolitic lava, basaltic
lava, andesitic lava.
Volcaniclastic deposits (p. 184)
6. What is volcanic ash composed of?
7. Define pyroclastic debris.
8. Compare and contrast tephra, pyroclastic flows, and lahars.
Volcanic gas (p. 118)
9. What are vesicles and how are they formed?
The Architecture and Shape of Volcanoes (p. 118)
10. Define the following:
A. magma chamber:
B. Fissure:
C. Crater:
D. Caldera:
11. Geologists distinguish among three different shapes of volcanoes: shield, cinder cone,
stratovolcano. Sketch and describe each of these in the space provided.
Eruptive Styles: Will it Flow or Will it Blow? (p. 120)
12. Compare and contrast effusive and explosive style eruptions:
Geologic Settings of Volcanism (p.121)
13. Describe the type of volcanic deposits that each of the following plate tectonic
settings will produce during an eruption: Mid-Ocean Ridge, Convergent Boundary (i.e.
subduction), Continental Rift.
14. Compare and contrast the volcanic landforms and type of volcanic deposits a
continental hot-spot volcano and an oceanic hot-spot volcano will produce.
15. How are flood basalts produced?
Beware: Volcanoes and Hazards (p. 129)
16. The book describes nine major types of volcanic hazards. List and describe these
below.
Protection from Vulcan’s Wrath (p. 132)
17. What is the difference between an active, dormant, and extinct volcano?
18. How can volcanic eruptions be predicted (list and describe four ways).? What can be
done to control volcanic hazards? (List and describe three possibilities).