Download Chapter 10 Vocabulary Terms

ESC 1000 Earth Science Name: __Answers___
Chapter 10: Mountain Building
Part K Chapter 10 Key Terms
29 Points
Fill in the blanks with the word or words that best fit the definition:
1. accretionary wedge– A large wedge shaped mass of sediment that
accumulates in subduction zones. Here sediments is scraped from the subducting
oceanic plate and accreted to the overriding crustal block
2. active continental margin– Usually narrow and consisting of highly
deformed sediments. They occur where oceanic lithosphere is being subducted
beneath the margin of a continent
3. anticline– A fold in sedimentary strata resembling an arch
4. basin– A circular downfolded structure.
5. brittle failure (brittle deformation)– Deformation that involves the fracturing
of rock. Associated with rocks near the surface.
6. deformation – The process by which water vapor is changed directly to a
solid without passing through the liquid state
7. dip-slip fault – A fault in which the movement is parallel to the fault.
8. dome– A roughly circular upfolded structure similar to an anticline
9. ductile deformation– A type of solid state flow that produces a change in
the size and shape of a rock body without fracturing . Occurs at depths where
temperatures and confining pressures are high
10.
fault– A break in a rock mass along which movement has occurred
11.
fault-block mountains – A mountain formed by the displacement
of rock along a fault
12.
fault scarp– A cliff created by movement along a fault. I t represents
the exposed surface of the fault prior to modification by weathering and erosion
13.
fold - A bent rock layer or series of layers that were originally horizontal
and subsequently deformed
14.
graben - A valley formed by the downward displacement of a fault-
bounded block
gravitational collapse – The gradual subsidence of mountains
caused by lateral spreading of weak material located deep within these structures
15.
16.
horst – An elongate, uplifted block of crust bounded by faults
17.
isostacy – The concept that Earth’s crust is floating in gravitational
balance upon the material of the mantle.
18.
isotatic adjustment – The process of establishing a new level of
gravitational equilibrium
19.
joint – A fracture in rock along which thee has been no movement
20.
monocline - A one limbed flexure in strata. The strata are unusually
flat-lying or very gently dipping on both sides of the monocline
21.
normal fault – A fault in which the rock above the fault plane has
moved down relative to the rock below
22.
orogenesis – The processes that collectively result in the formation of
mountains
23.
passive continental margin – Margins that consists of
continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise.
24.
reverse fault – A fault in which the material above the fault plane
moves up in relation to the material below.
25.
strike-slip fault - A fault along which the movement is horizontal
26.
syncline – A linear downfold in sedimentary strata; the opposite of
anticline
27.
terrane – A crustal block bounded by faults, whose geologic history is
distinct from the histories of adjoining crustal blocks
28.
thrust fault – A low-angle reverse fault
transform fault – A major strike-slip fault that cuts through the
lithosphere and accommodates motion between two plates
29.