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Name ________________________
Robinson – Date _______________
Biology I: Unit 7 Heredity Outline
4b. Significance of meiosis in sexual reproduction (DOK 1) • Significance of crossing over
5. Demonstrate an understanding of the molecular basis of heredity.
a. Analyze and explain the molecular basis of heredity and the inheritance of traits to successive
generations by using the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. (DOK 3)
• Structures of DNA and RNA
• Messenger RNA codon charts
• Processes of replication, transcription, and translation
b. Utilize Mendel’s laws to evaluate the results of monohybrid Punnett squares involving complete
dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, sex linked, and multiple alleles (including
outcome percentage of both genotypes and phenotypes.) (DOK 2)
c. Examine inheritance patterns using current technology (e.g., pedigrees, karyotypes, gel electrophoresis).
d. Discuss the characteristics and implications of both chromosomal and gene mutations. (DOK 2)
• Significance of nondisjunction, deletion, substitutions, translocation, frame shift mutation in animals
• Occurrence and significance of genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs
disorder, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, Downs Syndrome, color blindness.
Obj 4b (DOK 1) ___________
1. Justify the purpose of maintaining genetic variation. In other words, what advantage does sexual reproduction
have over asexual reproduction? (DOK 3)
2. How many chromosomes are in a human cell that is a… A. gamete = _____
B. somatic cell = _____
3. The statement that the members of each pair of alleles separate when gametes are formed is known as the _____.
4. Briefly summarize how the process of independent assortment assists in maintaining genetic variation in a
sexually reproducing species? (DOK 3)
5. Briefly summarize how the process of crossing over assists in maintaining genetic variation in a sexually
reproducing species? (DOK 3)
Obj 5a (DOK 3) ___________
6. Summarize what major discoveries led to the determination of DNA structure. (DOK 2)
7. Illustrate the basic “alpha-helical” structure of DNA. (DOK 1)
8. Summarize the roles mRNA, tRNA, and codons have in translation, transcription, & proteins production.
Obj 5b (DOK 2) ___________
9. Compare and contrast frequency and probability (DOK 3)
Frequency
Probability
Differences
Similarities
Differences
10. Differentiate between complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and co-dominance… (DOK 2)
If an individual is heterozygous Rr, and R=red and r=white, then how would the flowers look if…
A. Complete Dominance
B. Incomplete dominance
C. Co-dominance
11. Describe how sex-linked traits work. In your answer, explain why an X-linked recessive trait is more likely
to be expressed in a male than it is in a female. (DOK 3)
12-18. Use the Punnett’s squares to solve the following genetic problems…(follow the “flow map” sequence in
order to cross out repeated alleles in efforts to reduce the required work for each problem). Also list the
genotypic and phenotypic ratios resulting from each breeding. (DOK 2)
D = dimple chin
d = normal chin
H = hanging ear lobes
h = attached ear lobes
12. DD x dd
13. DD x Dd
14. Dd x Dd
15. Dd x dd
16. DdHH x Ddhh
17. DdHh x DdHh
Obj 5c & d (DOK 2) ___________
19. The partial pedigree below is for a family with a genetic disorder.
20. Refer to the illustration above. The disorder is most likely recessive, and both
parents in the pedigree are most likely heterozygous for the trait. (DOK 2)
21. Color blindness is a sex-linked trait found on the X-chromosome. If a woman is
known to carry this trait and she marries and has children with a man that does not
carry the disorder, what is the probability that her daughters will express it and her
sons will carry it? (DOK 3)
ESSAY:
22. On the back, explain why there are very few genetic disorders that are produced
from a 3rd “homologous chromosome” being inherited as a result of a “trisomy” mutation of inheritance as a result
of improper chromosomal dispersal during gamete production. Why are there few disorders that are produced from
such a situation? Finally, name 2 chromosome positions in which this “trisomy” mutation can occur. (DOK 3)