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Mitosis
Chromosome
• Chromosome: single ___________________associated with
proteins
 Each species has a characteristic _____________of
chromosomes in each cell.
Histone
• Histone: protein that ____________itself around.
• Help maintain____________ of chromosome
• keeps DNA _________tightly
Chromatid
• _________of a chromosome form as DNA copies itself in
preparation for cell division
Centromere
• Holds 2 chromatids_______________. Also holds chromosome on
the_________ fibers
Kinetochores(Ke net a kor)
• ____________covering of centromere
• Provides ______________for chromosomal microtubules
Sex Chromosomes
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Determine ________
Carries other __________for other characteristics
XX-__________
XY-__________
Autosomes
• All other____________________ except for sex cells
• Every cell of an organism has _______ copies of each
autosome(receives one copy from each parent)
Homologous Chromosomes
• 2 copies of each _________________
• Are the _________shape
• Same size
• Carry genes for some __________
Karotype
• Photomicrograph of chromosomes
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Humans have ________Chromosomes
22 autosomes
2 sex chromosomes
= 46
Diploid and Haploid
Diploid(___)
• 2 sets of chromosomes
• All cells are except for _______cells
• Haploid(n)
• _____________of chromosomes
• Sex cells only
Mitotic Spindle
• A network of _______________
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Prokaryotic Cell Division
Eukaryotic Cell Division
Called_____________
Creates ______ daughter cells exactly like the original cell
Meiosis
Creates sex cells(___________)
Cell Cycle
• Repeating set of events that make up life of the cell
• Interphase-___________ between cell divisions
• Consists of 3 stages-G1, S, G2
Cell division has 2 phases
1)mitosis(__________- nucleus divides)
• 2)Cytokinesis- division of cytoplasm of cell
• Lasts ___________hours
Interphase
• G1 phase: offspring grows to _________size, Prepares for cell
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division, duplicates organelles, ___________ replication
S Phase- DNA replication and chromosome duplication
and_________ produced
G(2) Phase: _____________, centriole replication, enzyme
production, prepares for cell division
__________Hours
G(0) phase- cells do not copy DNA and _________prepare for cell
division, resume normal activities. Some cells after maturity stay in
this phase- nerve cells
Interphase Continued
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Period of growth
Period of digestion, excretion, protein synthesis
Chromosomes _____________
Chromosomes are chromatin
Nucleolus is ___________
Nuclear envelope ____________
Early Prophase
• Centrioles begin to move with their developing daughter centrioles
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toward ____________ends
Nuclear envelope begins to _______________
Nucleus _________________
Chromosomes ___________and are now considered chromatids
Cytoskeleton ___________apart
More on Prophase
• Microtubule_______________
• Microtublules create _________located next to centrioles
• Other microtublules form strands from ___________to centriole
Late Prophase
• Nuclear Envelope is ______
• Nucleolus __________
Metaphase
• Chromatids move toward the _________of cell
• Ends when all chromatid pairs have reached ___________
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Anaphase
Chromatid pairs separate at __________________
Each chromatid is now a ______________________
Chromosomes are pulled apart opposite sides on spindle fibers
Plasma membrane is ______________________
Telophase
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Spindle ____________
Nuclear membrane ____________
Chromosomes ________become chromatids again
Nucleolus reforms
Cytoskeleton re-forms
Cytokinesis
• Cleavage _______forms and constricts original cell
_______smaller cells
• Each cell has a copy of __________information in its chromosome
Control of Cell Division
• 3 main checkpoints
– G1- proteins control whether cell will divide depending on size of
_____and_________
– G2- DNA ______________check the results of DNA replication
– Mitosis- proteins signal whether or not to exit mitosis
• When Control is Lost: Cancer
– Cancer may result if cells do not respond to__________
mechanisms.
– ____________growth of cells