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2006 Gross Morbid Anatomy
24 Mar 2006, AFIP
Corrie Brown, DVM, PhD
Department of Pathology
University of Georgia
[email protected]
PATHOLOGY OF FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES
VESICULAR DISEASES:
- foot-and-mouth disease
- vesicular stomatitis
- swine vesicular disease
- vesicular exanthema of swine
MUCOSAL DISEASES:
- rinderpest
- peste des petits ruminants
- malignant catarrhal fever
RESPIRATORY DISEASES:
- heartwater
- contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
- African horse sickness
DISEASES OF POULTRY:
- viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease
- highly pathogenic avian influenza
VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF RABBITS
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VESICULAR DISEASES:
Vesicular disease #1 - Foot-and-mouth disease
Definition: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS viral
disease of all cloven-hoofed animals characterized by fever and the formation of
vesicles on the feet and in the mouth.
Etiology:
Foot-and-mouth disease virus
Genus Aphthovirus
Family Picornaviridae
Host range: ALL CLOVEN-HOOFED ANIMALS!!!!
Transmission: AEROSOL - YIKES! INCREDIBLY CONTAGIOUS!!!
Geographic
distribution:
Vesicular disease #2 - Vesicular stomatitis
Definition: Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a viral disease of horses, cattle, and
swine, characterized by fever and the formation of vesicles on the feet and in the
mouth.
Etiology:
Vesicular stomatitis virus
Genus Vesiculovirus
Family Rhabdoviridae
Host range: horses, cattle, pigs
Transmission: direct contact(?), insects(?)
Geographic distribution:
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Vesicular disease #3 - Swine vesicular disease
Definition: Swine vesicular disease is a viral disease of swine characterized by
fever and the formation of vesicles on the feet and in the mouth.
Etiology:
Swine vesicular disease virus
Genus Enterovirus
Family Picornaviridae
Host range: PIGS
Transmission: contact, feces, animal products
Distribution:
Vesicular disease #4 - Vesicular exanthema of swine
Definition: Vesicular exanthema of swine is a viral disease of pigs characterized
by fever and the formation of vesicles on the feet and in the mouth.
Etiology:
Vesicular exanthema of swine virus
Family Caliciviridae
Host range: pigs
pinnipeds(?)
fish(?)
Transmission: feeding infected fish to pigs
Geographic distribution:
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HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VESICULAR DISEASES
cattle
swine
FMD
SVD
VS
VES
Pathogenesis of the vesicular diseases:
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horses
other
MUCOSAL DISEASES:
Rinderpest
Definition: Rinderpest is a contagious systemic viral disease of cattle
characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, and death.
Etiology:
Rinderpest virus
Genus Morbillivirus
Family Paramyxoviridae
Host range:
- large ruminants most susceptible
- small ruminants and pigs - susceptible but usually subclinical
Transmission: direct contact
Clinicopathologic syndrome:
"DEPRESSION, DIARRHEA, DEHYDRATION, DEATH"
Clinical signs
oral erosions
conjunctivitis
fever, depression
diarrhea
Pathologic lesions
oral erosions
conjunctivitis
enterocolitis, especially
Peyer's patches
collapse of lymphoid tissue
Geographic distribution:
Pathogenesis:
Control:
slaughter, quarantine
great vaccine available
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Peste des petits ruminants
"rinderpest of sheep and goats"
Definition: Peste des petits ruminants is a contagious systemic viral disease of
sheep and goats characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, PNEUMONIA,
and death.
Etiology:
Peste des petits ruminants virus
Genus Morbillivirus
Family Paramyxoviridae
Host range: small ruminants
Transmission: direct contact
Clinicopathologic syndrome:
Clinical signs
oral erosions
fever, depression
respiratory distress
diarrhea
Pathologic lesions
oral erosions
pneumonia
enterocolitis
Pathogenesis:
Control:
quarantine and slaughter
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Malignant catarrhal fever
Definition: Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a sporadic, usually fatal,
pansystemic disease of cattle and certain exotic ruminants.
Two (?) types of MCF:
- "wildebeest-derived" MCF
- "sheep-associated" MCF
- third type seen in infected deer?
Etiology:
All viruses are members of the Subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae
Host range:
 all bovines, including both domestic and wild varieties
 deer
NOTE: Sheep and wildebeest shed the viruses but are NOT
affected clinically
Transmission: contact with very young sheep or wildebeest
little or no transmission from clinically affected animal to herdmate
Geographic distribution:
sheep-associated form seen WORLDWIDE
wildebeest-derived form seen wherever wildebeest are kept,
including zoological parks
Clinical disease:
Clinical signs
mucopurulent rhinitis
oral and muzzle erosions
enlarged lymph nodes
corneal opacity
conjunctivitis
Pathologic lesions
necrosis of turbinates
erosive stomatitis
generalized lymphadenopathy
vasculopathy/infarctions
Pathogenesis:
Control:
keep cattle separated from calving wildebeest and lambing sheep
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RESPIRATORY DISEASES:
Heartwater
Definition:
Heartwater is an acute, tick-borne, usually fatal rickettsial infection
of ruminants.
Etiology:
Ehrlichia (Cowdria) ruminantium
Hosts:
all ruminants
Transmission: Amblyomma sp. ticks
Clinicopathologic syndrome:
respiratory distress, CNS disturbances, sudden death
pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, cerebral edema
Pathogenesis:
Diagnosis:
BRAIN SMEAR
Control:
antibiotics?
acaricide treatment
depopulation
vaccination?
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Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
Definition: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is a subacute to chronic
infectious disease of cattle, affecting primarily the lungs, and caused by a
mycoplasma.
Etiology:
Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides (small colony type)
Transmission: DIRECT!!
Hosts:
probably only cattle
Clinicopathologic syndrome:
ill thrift, respiratory distress
necrotizing pneumonia, fibrinous pleuritis, "marbling", "sequestra"
Pathogenesis:
Control:
- treatment?
- test and slaughter
- vaccination?
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African horse sickness
Definition: African horse sickness is an acute or subacute, often fatal, arthropodborne viral disease of horses and other equidae.
Etiology:
African horse sickness virus
Genus Orbivirus
Family Reoviridae
Hosts:
horses and other equidae
dogs?
Transmission: Culicoides spp.
Clinicopathologic syndrome:
depression, respiratory distress, colic
pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, intermuscular
edema
Pathogenesis:
Control:
vector control
test and slaughter
vaccination
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FOREIGN DISEASES OF POULTRY
Viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease
Definition: A highly contagious disease of poultry caused by avian
paramyxovirus-1 and resulting in significant mortality and visceral
lesions.
Etiology:
Avian paramyxovirus-1 (Newcastle disease virus)
Genus Avulavirus
Family Paramyxoviridae
Host range: Newcastle disease has been recorded from over 50 species of birds
Transmission: aerosol, droplet nuclei
Clinical signs and pathologic lesions:
swollen conjunctiva
diarrhea
death
depletion/necrosis of lymphoid areas,
especially spleen, Peyer’s patch
Pathogenesis:
Control:
vaccination
depopulation
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Highly pathogenic avian influenza
Definition: Highly pathogenic avian influenza is a highly contagious disease of
poultry caused by avian influenza virus (hemagglutinin type 5 or 7) and resulting
in significant mortality.
Etiology:
Avian influenza virus
Family Orthomyxoviridae
Host range: variety of birds
Transmission:
aerosol
Clinical signs and pathologic lesions:
respiratory difficulty
edema and hemorrhage
death
comb and wattle necrosis
Pathogenesis:
Control:
test and slaughter
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VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF RABBITS
Definition: Viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits is a peracute disease causing
hepatic necrosis and a terminal massive coagulopathy.
Etiology:
Viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits virus
Family Caliciviridae
Host range: Oryctolagus spp.
Transmission: fecal-oral, fomite
Clinical signs and pathologic lesions:
epistaxis
sudden death
hepatic necrosis
DIC
Geographic distribution:
Pathogenesis:
Control:
 test and slaughter
 vaccination
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