Download age 705 – research methodology – 3 units

UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI
POSTGRADUATE
PROSPECTUS
© 2013 www.unimaid.edu.ng
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FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMME
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
1.
Philosophy: the philosophy of the postgraduate Programmes (M. Sc.
And Ph. D.) of the Faculty is to train high level manpower/professionals in
various aspects of Agriculture, and to contribute to the development of the
agricultural and other sectors of the economy.
2.
Aims and Objectives: The postgraduate programmes of the Faculty
aims at:
(i)
Providing academic and professional training of highly skilled
professionals for both private and public sector of the economy
(ii)
Expose students to trends in Agricultural research and
developments.
3.
Programmes: The Faculty offers postgraduate programmes at both
master and Ph. D. levels in the following departments.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
4.
Admission Requirements: Candidates seeking admission into Master
degree programmes in the Faculty should have:
(i)
(ii)
5.
Agricultural Economics
Agricultural Extension Services
Animal Science
Crop Production
Crop Protection
Soil Science
First degree with a second class honours degree in Agriculture or
relevant sciences of the University of Maiduguri or other University
or institution recognized by the Senate of the University of
Maiduguri
Fulfil the general requirements for admission into M. Sc.
Programmes as stipulated by school of Postgraduate studies,
University of Maiduguri
Ph. D. Programme: Candidates seeking admission into Ph. D.
programme of the Faculty of Agriculture should have:
(i)
Master of Science degree in relevant area of specialization with at
least B average score or CGPA of 4.0 from the University of
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(ii)
Maiduguri or any other institution recognized by the Senate of the
University of Maiduguri.
Fulfil the general requirements for admission into the Ph. D.
programmes as stipulated by School of Postgraduate Studies.
6.
Duration of the Programme:
(a)
Full – Time: Masters programme should run for a minimum of 4
semesters and a maximum of 6 semesters while Ph. D. candidate
should spent at least 6 semesters and maximum of 10 semesters.
(b)
Part – Time: M. Sc. Should run for a minimum of 6 and maximum
of 10 semesters while Ph. D. candidate should run for minimum of
8 and maximum of 12 semesters
7.
Graduation Requirements:
Minimum of 34 units for M. Sc. and 60 units for Ph. D.
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DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES
1.
INTRODUCTION
The Department was established in 1978/79 session as Department of Animal
and Food Sciences. Under this name, it graduated its first set of students in
1980/81 session. In 1983/84 session, the Department of Food Science and
Technology was carved out of the existing department, thus giving rise to two
Departments; Department of Animal Science and Department of Food Science
and Technology. The Department reverted to B. Agriculture programme in
2000/2001 session on the recommendations of the National Universities
Commission (NUC).
Having firmly established its undergraduate programme, the need to venture
into Postgraduate programmes (M. Sc. & Ph. D.) became imperative.
Currently the Department offers course leading to the award of M. Sc. and
Ph. D. in various areas of Animal Science as elucidated in the accompanying
programmes.
2.
PHILOSOPHY OF PROGRAMMES
The Philosophy of the Postgraduate Programmes (M. Sc. & Ph.D.) of the
Department of Animal Science is to provide highly qualified and skilled
professionals in Animal Science who will be useful in Teaching, Research and
all facets of the livestock industry in public and private sectors of the
economy.
3.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMMES
The Postgraduate programmes of the Department is aimed at:
(a)
Providing avenues for continuing academic and professional training of
staff for the public and private sectors of the economy;
(b)
Satisfying the yearnings of interested academics and professionals who
want to enhance their research capabilities and delve into in-depth
inquiries and research;
(c)
Improve the productivity of lecturers/researchers in tertiary institutions
and research institutes within and outside the catchment area; and
(d)
Expose the students to current trends in the field and empower them
to compete effectively in the labour market both locally and globally.
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4.
PROGRAMMES
I
1.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (M. SC.) DEGREE PROGRAMME IN
ANIMAL
SCIENCE
INTRODUCTION
This Department offers a Master of Science Degree Programme in Animal
Science in four areas. These are:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Breeding
Nutrition
Production Physiology
Production Management
2.
ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
Candidates seeking admission into the M. Sc. Programme in Animal Science
should possess:
(a)
(b)
3.
A first degree in Animal Science/Bachelor of Agriculture with option in
Animal Science with first or second class honours of the University of
Maiduguri or other recognized University; and
Fulfill the general requirements for admission to M. Sc. Programmes as
stipulated by the School of Postgraduate Studies of the University of
Maiduguri.
DURATION:
The duration of the course of study would be a minimum of twelve (12) calendar
months and a maximum of twenty four (24) calendar months.
4.
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE:
The M.Sc. programme in the Department has the following structure:
(a) Compulsory courses
(b) Optional courses (chosen with supervisor’s counsel from
the Department of Animal Science and other Departments)
(c) Dissertation
Minimum Total for award of M.Sc.
10 Units
14 Units
10 Units
34 Units
Depending on entry qualification, some other courses may be prescribed to remedy
deficiencies. Candidates must pass such courses with a minimum of C grade.
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However, these deficiency courses will not earn any units towards the minimum
requirements for M. Sc. Degree award.
5.
LIST OF COURSES
(a)
COMPULSORY COURSES FOR ALL AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
701
702
703
704
700
799
Statistics and Research Methods in Animal Science
Applied Physiology
Applied Nutrition
Applied Animal Breeding
Seminar
Dissertation
3 units
2 units
2 units
2units
1 units
10 units
(B)
COMPULSORY COURSES FOR DIFFERENT AREAS OF
SPECIALIZATION
1
Animal Breeding:
Units
(a)
(b)
(c)
ANS 705
ANS 708
ANS 710
3 units
2 units
2 units
2
Animal Nutrition
Units
(a)
(b)
(c)
ANS 720
ANS 726
ANS 728
3 units
3 units
3 units
3
Advanced Animal Nutrition
Feed Processing and Nutrition
Ruminant Nutrition
Animal Production Physiology
(a) ANS 740
(b) ANS 741
(c) ANS 744
4
Quantitative Genetics
Animal Breeding Programmes
Advances in Laboratory Animal Production and
Management
Growth and Development in Farm Animals
Reproduction in Farm Animals
Biometeorology
Animal Production and Management
(a) ANS 760
(b) ANS 761
(c) ANS 762
(d) ANS 763
(e) ANS 766
Advances in Dairy Cattle Production
Advances in Beef Cattle Production
Advances in Poultry Production and
Hatchery Management
Advances in Sheep Production
Advances in Goat Production
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Units
3 units
3 units
3 units
Units
3 units
3 units
3 units
2 units
2 units
6
(C)
OPTIONAL COURSES FOR DIFFERENT AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION
1
Animal Breeding:
Units
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
3
2
3
2
2
2
(g)
ANS 712:
2
Animal Nutrition
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
3
705
706
707
708
709
710
720
721
724
725
726
727
728
729
Quantitative Genetics
Advances in Artificial Insemination
Livestock Farm Mechanisation
Animal Breeding Programmes
Game Animal and Wildlife Production
Advances in Laboratory Animal Production and
Management
Horse and Camel Production
Advanced Animal Nutrition
Advanced Mammalian Metabolism in farm Animals
Protein Metabolism
Vitamins
Feed Processing and Nutrition
Tropical Feeds
Ruminant Nutrition
Minerals
Animal Production Physiology
units
units
units
units
units
units
2 units
Units
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
units
units
units
units
units
units
units
units
Units
(a) ANS 740
Growth and Development in Farm Animals
3 units
(b) ANS 741
Reproduction in Farm Animals
3 units
(c) ANS 742
(d) ANS 743
(e) ANS 744
Lactataion of Farm Animals
Endocrinology
Biometeorology
2 units
2 units
3 units
4
Animal Production and Management
(a) ANS 760
(b) ANS 761
(c) ANS 762
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
763
764
765
766
Advances in Dairy Cattle Production
Advances in Beef Cattle Production
Advances in Poultry Production and
Hatchery Management
Advances in Sheep Production
Advances in Swine Production
Animal By-Product Technology
Advances in Goat Production
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Units
3 units
3 units
3 units
2
2
3
2
units
units
units
units
7
6.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
ANS 701:Statistics and Research Methods in Animal Science (3 Units)
Analysis of variance; one and many factors in experiment, equal and not equal
numbers of animals in groups. The regression of two and many variables, curvilinear regression. Correlation and comparison of correlation coefficient with
regression coefficient. Rank correlation test. Application of analysis of covariation in
experiment. Establishment of experiments. Types of experiments and numbers of
animals. Feeding experiments, pasture experiments, breeding experiments. Species
of farm animals; beef and dairy cattle, swine, sheep, poultry and laboratory animals.
ANS 702: Applied Physiology (2 Units)
Digestion in farm animals. The monogastric digestion of carbohydrate, proteins,
lipids etc. Ruminant digestion and rumen microflora. Blood circulation in farm
animals. Skeletal system. Respiration in farm animals. All these will be with
emphasis on adaptation with specific environments.
ANS 703:Applied Nutrition (2 Units)
A general survey of World Food situation, with special emphasis on sub-sahara
African. Basic principles of human nutrition including requirements for the different
nutrients. Role of livestock in meeting human nutrient requirements. Nutrition and
National Development.
ANS 704: Applied Animal Breeding (2 Units)
Genetical structure of populations. Hardy-Weinberg Rule; calculation of genes and
genotypes frequency, equilibrium in the population; changes in the structure of the
population; inbreeding and relationship; pedigrees and calculation of coefficient of
inbreeding and relationship; genotype by environment interaction. Methods of
estimating utilization value of animals; methods of selection, response to selection,
selection limit, selection differential, selection progress; methods of breeding related
animals, purposes and biological effect of inbreeding; crossbreeding methods
purposes and biological effect of heterosis. Artificial insemination as a breeding
method.
ANS 705: Quantitative Genetics (3 Units)
Variance, genetic and environmental variance, genetic components of variance;
heritability; correlated characters, genetic and environmental correlations, correlated
response to selection; genotype – environment interaction; selection, measurement
of response to selection, the response and its prediction, long-term results of
selection, methods of selection and expected response; inbreeding and
crossbreeding, changes of variance, utilization of heterosis, methods of selection for
combining ability, inbreeding depression.
ANS 706: Advances in Artificial Insemination (2 Units)
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Management of males and semen collection, physical condition of males, frequency
of semen collection; artificial vagina (bull, ram, boar and stallion); electro-ejaculation
(bull, ram and boar); message method; evaluation of semen-appearance and
volume, mortality and live cells, concentration; morphology and other criteria;
preservation of semen, semen extenders, composition of extenders; semen
processing, extension and stage of liquid semen, extension and packaging of frozen
semen, freezing bull semen and semen of other farm animals, thawing semen,
insemination technique, detection of estrus and optimum insemination time;
insemination procedure, cattle, sheep, swine and horses;
factors affecting
conception rate in artificial insemination.
ANS 707: Livestock Farm Mechanization (3 Units)
Introduction; silage storage and delivery, hay handling, fodder and forage
production; delivery and distribution; thermal and chemical treatment of fodder;
manure clearing, transportation and disposal (or utilization); livestock farm
environment including micro-climate; primary treatment of livestock products,
milking mechanization; primary treatment of poultry farm products.
ANS 708: Animal Breeding Programmes (2 Units)
Improvement of commercial breeds using the pedigree animals; out-breeding and
crossbreeding systems in commercial animal production; native breeds preserving
systems. Modern trends in animal breeding.
ANS 709: Game Animal and Wildlife Production (3 Units)
Game animal management, breeding selection; feeding; control of game animal
population; wildlife law enforcement, population analysis; systems of game animals
protection. Current knowledge of nutrient requirements of local wildlife species.
ANS 710: Advances in Laboratory Animal Production and Management
(2 Units)
Breeding and inbred strains, housing, feeding, breeding and selection; cages and
equipment required; testing of inbred strains, reproduction, records keeping. Recent
developments in laboratory animal science.
ANS 712:Horse and Camel Production (2 Units)
The types and breeds, housing feeding, raising and selection; utilization of saddle
and harness animals; evaluation of animals exterior, utility value and breeding value;
training; reproduction, pedigrees and breeding documents, records keeping.
ANS 720: Advanced Animal Nutrition (3 Units)
Fundamental biochemical and physiological factors affecting feed used by different
livestock. Comparative nutrient utilization by ruminant and non-ruminant livestock.
Extensive consideration of recent developments in animal nutrition as it affects
livestock production in the tropics.
ANS 721: Advanced Mammalian Metabolism in Farm Animals (3 Units)
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The control and regulatory mechanisms in mammalian intermediary metabolism.
Carbohydrates metabolism, glycolysis, TCA cycle. The metabolism of ethanol.
Enzyme systems. Metabolism of fatty acids, sterols and bile acids. Phospholipids,
lipoproteins and glycolipids metabolism.
ANS 724: Protein Metabolism (2 Units)
Synthesis, digestion and absorption of proteins. Metabolism of selected amino acids
and nucleic acids. Concepts of dietary quality of proteins and methods of their
assessment: Biological Value (BV), Net Protein Utilization (NPU), Protein efficiency
ratio (PER), Amino acid profiles.
ANS 725: Vitamins (3 Units)
Chemistry and metabolism of fat and water-soluble vitamin. Important sources,
metabolic roles, deficiency signs and symptoms, requirements of animals and toxicity
of vitamins.
ANS 726: Feed Processing and Nutrition (3 Units)
A description of the major processes employed in the production and preservation of
livestock feeds. The physico-chemical and nutritional consequences of each of these
processes on selected individual feedstuffs as well as compounded feed. Survey of
quantities and properties of non-conventional (agro-industries and Farm) feed
sources available in Nigeria.
ANS 727: Tropical Feeds (2 Units)
Survey of materials available for livestock feeding in the tropical environment. This
will include selected high-energy sources, protein sources, lipids and mineral sources
– of both plant and animal origin. Their properties, chemistry and nutritive values
for both ruminants and non-ruminants.
ANS 728: Ruminant Nutrition (3 Units)
Digestion in ruminants; development of the rumen and rumen microbiology digestion
of carbohydrates, lipids and nitrogenous substances. Absorption of metabolites;
ration formulation.
ANS 729: Minerals (3 Units)
Major sources and functions of minerals, mineral metabolism in farm animals;
consequences of deficiencies on livestock performance, imbalances and excesses of
minerals.
ANS 740: Growth and Development in Farm Animals (3 Units)
Foetal and embryonic (Prenatal) development in farm species. Postnatal growth.
Factors affecting pre and postnatal growth – Inheritance, nutrition, climatic variables
etc. Bone, muscle, fat and internal organs development as influenced by age,
nutrition and environmental variables. Measurement of growth – body weight,
chemical composition, linear measurements, carcass measurements in various farm
species.
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ANS 741: Reproduction in Farm Animals (3 Units)
Anatomy of the male and female reproductive tracts. Physiology and the hormones
of reproduction. Fertility and infertility in farm animals. Measurement of fertility in
farm animals. Various factors that influence reproduction in both males and
females-inheritance, age, nutrition, climatic variables etc.
ANS 742: Lactation in Farm Animals (2 Units)
Anatomy of the mammary gland in different farm species. Puberty and udder
development. Quantity and quality of milk in various species. Fat-corrected and
solids-corrected milk yields. Lactation in various farm animals. The various factor
that affect lactation in farm animals.
ANS 743: Endocrinology (2 Units)
Types of chemical messengers – hormones, memohormones, neurohormones or
neurotransmitters and pheromones. General organization of endocrine system in
farm animals. Neuroendocrine integration. Methods of hormonal assays.
ANS 744: Biometeorology (3 Units)
The physical environment. The microclimate of the animal as determined in the pen
or other immediate surroundings. Physiological and behavioural responses by
animals to changes in physical environment.
Anatomical and physiological
adaptations peculiar to farm animals indigenous to the warm tropics. The economic
importance of climatic stresses on farm animal production with special reference to
the warm tropical environment.
ANS 760: Advances in Dairy Cattle Production (3 Units)
Comparison of dairy farming in Nigeria with advanced countries. Selection of breeds
and breeding programmes. Management of bulls, dry, lactating and pregnant cows.
Raising dairy calves and heifers. Nutritional requirements and feeding of dairy
herds. Factors determining the efficiency of dairy animals, housing (milking parlours
and cowsheds), milking machines, sanitation and disease control.
ANS 761: Advances in Beef Cattle Production (3 Units)
Different systems (including nomadism) of beef production in Nigeria and their
comparison with advanced countries. Selection and breeding programmes for
improved beef production. Grazing management on natural and cultivated pastures.
Intensive feeding system. Nutrients requirements of beef cattle. Beef calf
production. Growth and carcass development. Common diseases of beef cattle and
their control.
ANS 762: Advances in Poultry Production and Hatchery Management (3
Units Modern trends in commercial poultry breeding for eggs and meat production.
Management problems of poultry production. Nutrient requirements and feed
formulations for layers and broilers at different ages. Hatchery management and
sanitation. Breeding, housing and management of other poultry, particularly the
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guinea fowl, ducks and turkeys. Economics of broiler layer and breeder productions.
Common poultry diseases and poultry health programmes.
ANS 763: Advances in Sheep Production (2 Units)
Sheep in Nigeria economy, systems of production, problems and prospects.
Management on ranges and under stall-fed conditions; productivity evaluation (of
carcass, milk, skin, wool) of local breeds. Selection and breeding programmes to
improve productivity. Major sheep diseases, their prevention and control.
ANS 764: Advances in Swine Production and Management (2 Units)
Status of swine production in Nigeria and its comparison with other advanced
countries. Choice of breeds and breeding programmes. Factors affecting cost of
production, systems of management, weaning and marketing, care of sow, boar at
different stages. Diseases and parasites of swine, housing and general problems in
swine husbandry.
ANS 765: Animal By-Products Technology (3 Units)
Yields in Nigeria and methods of utilization of blood, skin, hides, horns, hooves, hair,
bristles, bones, cartilages, glands, intestines and other miscellaneous offals and
wastes for the preparation of animal feeds medicines, hormones and miscellaneous
utility articles.
ANS7 766: Advances in Goat Production (2 Units)
Goat in the Nigeria economy; systems of production, problems and prospects.
Management on ranges and under stall-fed conditions. Productivity evaluation (of
carcass, milk, skin, wool) of local breeds. Selection and breeding programmes to
improve productivity. Major goat diseases, their prevention and control.
ANS 700: Seminar
ANS 799: Dissertation
II.
(1 Unit)
(10 Units)
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PH. D.) PROGRAMME IN ANIMAL
SCIENCE
1.
INTRODUCTION: The Department of Animal Science offers a Doctor of
Philosophy degree programme. There are four areas of specialization.
These are: (a)
Animal Breeding
(b)
Animal Nutrition
(c)
Animal Production Physiology
(d)
Animal Production Management
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2.
ENTRY REQUIREMENTS:
(a)
hold a Master of Science degree in Animal Science with at least ‘B’ average
from the University of Maiduguri;
hold an equivalent degree in Animal Science from any other University in
Nigeria or other countries of the world provided such University is recognized
by the University of Maiduguri.
Fulfil the General Requirements for admission to the Ph. D. programmes as
stipulated by the School of Postgraduate Studies of the University of
Maiduguri.
Candidates seeking admission into the Ph. D. programme in Animal Science
should:
(b)
(c)
3.
DURATION:
4.
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE: The Ph. D. programme in the Department has
The programme will last a minimum of six (6) and maximum of ten (10)
academic semesters.
the following structure:
Animal Production and Management
Units
(a)
Compulsory Courses
24 units
(b)
Optional Courses (Chosen with the counsel of the
12 units
Student’s Advisory committee)
(c)
Ph. D. Thesis
30units
Minimum Total for Award of Ph.D
66 units
Depending on entry qualifications some other courses may be prescribed to remedy
deficiencies. Such courses must be taken and passed. However, such deficiency
courses will not earn any unit towards the minimum requirements for Ph. D. degree
award.
5.
LIST OF COURSES
A.
Compulsory for all Ph.D. candidates
1
2
3
4
5
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
ANS
801
802
803
804
899
Advanced Techniques in Animal Science
Advanced Techniques in Animal Science II
Biometrics in Animal Science
Seminar (a, b, c)
Thesis
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4 units
4 units
4 units
3(1 Unit each)
30 Units
13
Total
B.
45 Units
Courses in the different areas of specialization
(a)
Animal Breeding
Compulsory Courses
I.
1
2
3
ii
ANS 808
ANS 812
ANS 817
Comparative Reproduction In Farm Animals
Advances in Animal Breeding
Advanced Population Genetics
3 units
3 units
3 units
Optional courses (chosen with the consent of the Students’ 12 units
Advisory committee
Total
21 Units
(b)
Animal Nutrition
I.
Compulsory Courses
1
2
3
ii
ANS 813
ANS 814
ANS 815
Energy Metabolism
Advanced Monogastric Nutrition
Advanced Ruminant Nutrition
3 units
3 units
3 units
Optional courses (chosen with the consent of the Students’ 12 units
Advisory committee
Total
21 Units
(c)
Animal Production Physiology
i.
Compulsory courses
1
2
3
ii
ANS 807
ANS 808
ANS 810
Physiology of Milk Reproduction
Comparative Reproduction in Farm Animals
Advanced physiology of Farm Animals
3 units
3 units
3 units
Optional courses (As approved by the Students’ Advisory 12 units
committee
Total
(d)
21 Units
Animal Production Management
I. Compulsory courses
1
2
3
ii
ANS 806
ANS 809
ANS 828
Advanced Dairy Cattle Production
Advanced Sheep Production
Advanced Poultry Production
3 units
3 units
3 units
Optional courses (As approved by the Students’ Advisory 12 units
committee
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Total
(e)
Optional courses to be chosen from with the approval of the students’
advisory committee
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
6.
21 Units
ANS 805
ANS 811
ANS 816
ANS 818
ANS 819
ANS 820
ANS 821
ANS 822
ANS 823
ANS 824
ANS 825
ANS 826
GEO 741
BCH 705
Advanced Goat Production
Swine Production in Tropical Environments
Ruminology
Draught Animal Production
Tropical Grassland Dev. & and Management
Advanced Protein Metabolism
Advanced Vitamins Metabolism
Advanced Minerals Metabolism
Advanced Endocrinology
Growth Measurements in Farm Animal (Practical)
Animal Biometeorology (Practical)
Advanced Beef Cattle Production
Human Use of Arid Lands
Biochemical Instrumentation and Analytical
Techniques
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
units
units
units
units
units
units
units
units
units
units
units
units
units
units
COURSE DESCRIPTION
ANS 801: Advanced Techniques in Animal Science I (4 Units)
Electrophoresis: radioactivity (isotope dilution, scintillation etc): chromatography (ionexchange, gas, liquid etc,): solvent extraction and related methods: spectrophotometry
(emission, atomic absorption, mass, flame and flameless) X-ray diffraction: polarimetry
and optimal rotary dispersion: hormonal assays: photometry: amino-acid analysis:
enzyme substrate analysis: calorimetry: colorimetry.
ANS 802: Advanced Techniques in Animal Science II (4 Units)
Fistulation in ruminants: preparation and preservation of animals and plants by-products
(blood and bone meals: dungs, droppings, offals, post harvest residues) for animal
feeding: microtome use, tissue staining techniques and slide preparation: dummy
preparation for Artificial Insemination (A. I.): draught animal training, use and care:
animal preparation for various investigations/for obtaining blood specimen, sweating
rate, plus rate etc.)
ANS 803: Biometrics in Animal Science (3 Units)
Definition of research problems; developing hypothesis and objectives; principles of
research decisions; questionnaire preparation; measurement and statistical methods for
handling data; principles of laboratory and field experimentation in animal science; data
collection and processing; presentation of research findings narrative, tabular and
graphical analysis and measurement of scientific papers.
ANS 804: Seminar (a, b, c,) (3 Units i.e 1 unit each). Seminar topics would be
selected in consultation with members of the supervisory committee.
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ANS 805: Goat Production (3 Units)
Tropical breeds of goats with greater emphasis on West African and Nigerian breeds;
Importance of goats in the different cultures, tradition and ecological zones;
improvement through better production systems in different ecological zones; nutrition,
selection, breeding and provision of better environment: major diseases of goats;
prevention and control measures.
ANS 806: Advanced Dairy Cattle Production (3 Units)
World background: development of dairying; statistics of dairy animals; milk secretion,
yield and composition; milk recording, parlour milking, milk hygiene, milking systems,
parlour design; calf rearing, colostrum, rumen development; feeding and management:
rearing dairy heifers: age at first calving replacement policy; principles of nutrition,
digestion, feed intake and feeding standard; nutrition in pregnancy and lactation;
liveweight changes; practical ration formulation; input and output relationships; energy,
protein and mineral requirements; cost returns for different levels of feeding and
production: infertility, mastitis, metabolic diseases.
ANS 807: Physiology of Milk Reproduction (3 Units)
Anatomy (gross and microscopic) of the mammary gland in the different farm animals:
development; hormonal and neural control of the mammary gland: season, nutrition,
age, parity and other factors which influence milk yield and composition.
ANS 808: Comparative Reproduction in Farm Animal (3 Units)
In-depth review of basic aspects of mammalian reproductive physiology: origin and
production of germ cells, differentiation of male and female reproduction tract;
fertilization and development of the embryo, embryonic loss, reproduction endocrinology
and mechanism; parturition; practical aspects of reproduction biology and various means
of manipulating reproductive potential; synchronization of estrous, induction of
ovulation, Artificial Insemination, transplantation of embryos, diagnosis of pregnancy,
manipulation of age and embryo inject.
ANS 809: Advanced Sheep Production (3 Units)
Tropical breeds of sheep with greater emphasis on West African and Nigerian breeds:
importance of sheep in relation to culture and tradition: production systems in relation to
ecological zones: selection, breeding and provision of better environment, major
diseases, prevention and control.
ANS 810: Advanced Physiology of Farm Animals (3 Units)
Comparative physiology of digestion, respiration, circulation, locomotion in large and
small ruminants, equidaes, avian and fishes: physiological adaptation of each species to
the environment in which it lives.
ANS 811: Swine Production in Tropical Environment (3 Units)
Past, present and future of swine production worldwide; biology of the pig, pork as
human food; reproduction, lactation, feeding and nutrition; ration formulation; feed
processing and its effect on their nutritional values; diseases of swine, intestinal
parasites nutritional and metabolic disease; poisonous substances etc.
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ANS 812: Advanced Animal Breeding (3 Units)
Genetic principles of animal improvement; genetics of population, changing gene
frequency; genetic and environmental subdivision of the phenotypic variation; principles
of selection: selection index; procedures applied to genetic evaluation of animals; mating
systems as method of utilizing the various types of genetic variation in domestic animals;
artificial insemination in animal breeding.
ANS 813: Energy Metabolism (3 Units)
Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, gluconeogenesis, regulation, and its relation to protein turnover
and amino acid metabolism; fatty acid oxidation and synthesis; bioenergetics; enzyme
regulation; coarse and fine control; pentose phosphate pathway; glycogen catabolism,
ketones and cholesterol metabolism.
ANS 814: Advanced Monogastric Nutrition (3 Units)
Ration formulation and balancing of nutrients; calculated and true analysis of
constituents; isocaloric and isonitrogeneous concept; protein-calorie interrelationships;
arteriosclerosis and diet; obesity and diabetes; hormone interaction with nutrients;
nutrient health longevity interaction; concept of disease.
ANS 815: Advanced Ruminant Nutrition
(3 Units)
ANS 816: Ruminology
(3 Units)
Anatomical and physiological development of the rumen; digestive physiology;
absorption in preruminant; rumen microbiological contribution to production; absorption
and energetic aspects of ruminal acids; lipid stimulation of rumen; motility and control of
feed intake.
Biochemical, physiological and microbiological activities accruing within the rumen;
influence of the rumen on the digestion and metabolism of carbohydrate, nitrogen and
lipids; mineral relationships in ruminants; techniques for studying rumen metabolism;
Fistulation in ruminants.
ANS 817: Advanced Population Genetics (3 Units)
Principles of population genetics; gene frequency population variance; selection;
biometrics relations between relatives; systems of mating (inbreeding, outbreeding,
assortive mating); making appropriate breeding plans.
ANS 818: Draught Animal Production
(3 Units)
The different services used for draught, camel, cattle, horse; donkey; the different use
to which they are put (transport, soil tillage, entertainment etc); Training; use and care
of each species for the different use to which it is put; economic evaluation of
productivity; ecological and other factors which influencing their use and productivity.
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ANS 819: Tropical Grassland Development and Management (3 Units)
Grassland resources in the tropics; assessment of biomass; climatic, edaphic and other
factors which influence biomass quantity and quality; development and management of
pasture species; stocking rate and grazing management; beef, milk and various other
meats producted from tropical pasture; pasture research and development; options for
pasture improvement.
ANS 820: Advanced Protein Metabolism
(4 Units)
Assessment of protein quality; protein synthesis in mammalian cells; regulatory
mechanism: cellular mechanism, hormones, induction, turnover and degradation;
assessment of protein status; total body turnover, gastro-intestinal tract role in protein
metabolism; amino acid metabolism, imbalance, amino acid supply and protein
synthesis; pools and tissues levels dietary amino acid requirements; availability,
reference patterns.
Protein and energy metabolism; development of protein
metabolism; general nutritional aspects.
ANS 821: Advanced Vitamin Metabolism
(3 Units)
Fat – soluble vitamins, detailed metabolic roles. Biopotency, mechanism of action,
biosynthesis, biochemistry of deficiency, current concepts, bioassay/analytical
procedures, water-soluble vitamins - their dependent enzyme, co-enzyme systems,
active forms, biochemical changes and mechanisms in deficiencies: current concepts,
bioassay/analytical procedures.
ANS 822: Advanced Mineral Metabolism
(3 Units)
ANS 823: Advanced Endocrinology
(3 Units)
Metabolic roles of monovalent, divalent and trivalent with respect to mammalian
enzyme, co-enzyme, multi-enzyme-protein complex systems; biochemistry of
deficiencies: assay/analytical procedures: current concepts.
Historical background, hypothalamic control of adrenophysical functions; anatomy of
glands, biochemistry physiology and regulation of hormone action on target tissues and
organs; pituitary thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenal, the ovary, hormonal control of
sexual cycles, sperm and ova transport and fertilization: control of fertility; cleavage,
implantation and placentation; endocrinology of pregnancy, parturition; assay methods,
current concepts, research papers.
ANS 824: Growth Management in Farm Animals (Practical)
(3 Units)
ANS 825: Animal Biometeorology (Practical)
(2 Units)
Weight, volumetric, linear and chemical measurements of growth in farm animals:
absolute, relative and specific growth; development in farm species; concept of growth;
mathematical and graphical representation, growth equations, calculation of best fitting
growth curves; differential growth and allometry.
Concepts and measurements of macro and microclimates in relation to animal
production; measurement of ambient, dry bulb and wetbulb temperature, relative
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humidity, wind velocity and solar radiation; use of instruments; collection; interpretation
and use of climatic data; relating physiological parameters (sweating, pulse, respiration
and production rate) to climatic variables; determination of sweating, pulse, respiration
and production rates in a micro environment.
ANS 826: Advanced Beef Cattle Production
(3 Units)
ANS 827: Animal Biotechnology
(3 Units)
ANS 828:Advanced Poultry Production
(3 Units)
GEO 741: Human use of arid lands
(3 Units)
Introduction, selection of breeds and breeding programmes; genotype-environment
interaction; systems of calf-rearing, intensive production, beef production from grass;
grazing management systems for beef growth and carcass development; carcass
composition and quality; factors affecting growth and efficiency of beef cattle such as
breed, sex, nutrition, hormones, climate, housing and management.
A review of Biotechnology as a major focus of attention worldwide, basic principles of
genetic engineering, monoclonal antibody technology, tissue culture technology, and
fermentation technology, hybridoma technology, embryo transfer technology, growth
hormone genes from animal species, the cloning of bovine somatotropin (BST) from
cows into E. coli; injection of BST into cows to increase milk production and feed
efficiency. The techniques for modifying animal tissues to produce leaner meats and
reduced cholesterol.
Modern trends in commercial poultry breeding for eggs and meat production.
Management problems of poultry production. Nutrient requirements and feed
formulations for layers and broilers at different ages. Hatchery management and
sanitation. Breeding, housing and management of other poultry, particularly the
guinea fowl, ducks and turkeys. Economics of broiler layer and breeder productions.
Common poultry diseases and poultry health programmes.
Problems and constraints of arid lands for human occupancy. The arid lands in
human history. Human response to dryness and aridity. Resources and settlements
in arid lands. Population and population mobility. Water resources management for
agriculture and human use in arid lands. Relations of dry lands to man. The future.
BCH 705: Biochemical Instrumentation and Analytical Techniques (3
units)
Application of various chromatographic methods, electrophoresis and centrifugation
in preparation and analysis and N. M. R. and mass spectrograph in the elucidation of
structures of biochemically important compounds. Isotopic tracer experiments,
radioimmunoassay radioisotope dilution experiments. Etc. Autoanalyzer methods.
ANS 899: Thesis
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(30 Units)
19
III.
1.
Ph. D. BY RESEARCH IN ANIMAL SCIENCE
Nomenclature of the Degree Programme
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.)
2.
Areas of Specialization
a)
b)
c)
d)
Animal Nutrition (Ruminant or Monogastric)
Animal Production and Management (Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Rabbits and
Poultry).
Animal Breeding (Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Poultry and Rabbits)
Animal Production Physiology and Environmental Ecology.
3.
Nature of the Programme: Full/Part time
4.
Duration of the Study: Minimum of six semesters and maximum of ten
semesters for full time and minimum of six semesters and maximum of twelve
semesters for part time.
5.
Entry Requirements: Candidates seeking admission into the Ph.D programme
in Animal Science should: (a)
(b)
(c)
Hold a University of Maiduguri Masters degree with a minimum of ‘B’
Average (4.0 GPA) score and above.
Hold an equivalent degree in Animal Science from any other University in
Nigeria or other countries of the world provided such University is
recognized by the University of Maiduguri; and
Fulfil the general requirements for admission to the Ph. D. programme as
stipulated by the School of Postgraduate Studies of the University of
Maiduguri.
6.
Programme Structure
a.
The Ph. D. programme in the Department of Animal Science will have the
following structures: Non –Thesis Seminars
Course Code
(i) First Semester
(ii) Second Semester
b.
First Year
ANS 890: Seminar I
ANS 891: Seminar II
Units
3
3
6
Thesis Based Seminars
Course Code
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First Year
Units
20
(i) First Semester
(ii) Second Semester
c.
ANS 892: Research Proposal
ANS 893: Progress Report of Field Work
Thesis Based Seminars
Course Code
(i) First Semester
(ii) Second Semester
(d)
3
3
6
First Year
Units
ANS 898: Postgraduate Seminar
21
ANS 899: DEfense and Final Submisison of
Ph.D Submission
21
42
Courses: The following courses will be offered during the first year to equip
the candidates to plan, collect and process their data from the field.
Courses
ANS 801: Statistics/Biometrics in Animal Science
ANS 802: Computer courses in Animal Science
(e)
Units
3
3
6
Total Units for theAward of Ph. D. Degree:
Total number of units required for the award of Ph. D. degree =
60
Deficiencies:
M. Sc. or B. Sc. Courses may be prescribed as deficiency courses based
on candidate’s transcript.
Supervisory Committee:
A supervisory committee consisting of a Chairman (Major supervisor) and two other
people/persons as minor supervisors.
Course Description
ANS 801 – Statistics/Biometrics in Animal Science
(3 Units)
Problem identification and research project selection.
Literature review,
methodologies, formation of research objectives, data generating procedure, data
collection strategies, data handling procedure and utilization, preparation of work
plan, administration and monitoring of projects, rapid rural assessment techniques,
research budget preparation, presenting research results in Animal Science, ethics in
Animal Science research.
ANS 802 – Computer in Animal Science (3 Units)
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Types of computers, computer systems, hard ware, soft ware, computer
organization and communication, back up; computer virus; operating systems, MS –
DOS Basics, windows Basics, Word Processing, Packages, Database systems, a Base;
Spread sheet, Packages, Excel Basics, Basic Principles of data processing; Statistical
Packages.
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE – ACADEMIC STAFF
LIST FOR POSTGRADUATE TEACHING AND RESEARCH
S/No Name
Qualifications & Status
Area of
Specialization
Poultry Science
Prof. C. O. Ubosi
B.Sc., M.Sc., (Minnesota),Ph. D. (UPI &
SU) (Professor)
Prof. A. Kibon
B.Sc. (Maid), Ph. D. (London)
(Professor)
Ruminant Nutrition/
Dr. I. D.
Mohammed
B.Sc. (ABU), M.Sc.(Maid) Ph. D. (Kano)
(Reader)
Ruminant Production
Dr. J. U.
Igwebuike
B. Sc., M.Sc. (Maid), Ph. D. (Makurdi)
(Reader/Head of Dept.
Monogastric Nutrition
Dr. N. K. Alade
B. Sc., M.Sc. (Ibadan), Ph. D. (Bauchi)
(Lecturer I)
Animal Breeding &
Genetics
NB: i)
There are standing arrangements for lecturers from other Departments or
other Universities to teach specialized courses and participate in supervision.
ii)
Seven (7) Technologists are available to assist with research at the Laboratory
and Livestock Farm.
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22
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
1. INTRODUCTION
The Department offers M.Sc. degree programme in Agricultural economics.
(a)
(b)
M.Sc. Agricultural Economics
NOMENCLATURE OF THE DEGREE PROGRAMME: M.Sc. Agricultural Economics
2. NATURE OF PROGRAMME: Full Time:
3. DURATION OF STUDY: Two Years
4.
ENTRY REQUIREMENT
Unless otherwise specified, the general requirements governing the M. Sc. Degree
programme in the University of Maiduguri shall also be applicable to M.Sc. degree
programme in Agricultural Economics.
5. PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
(a)
Minimum Course/Unit Requirements
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Compulsory courses
Elective courses
Dissertation
16 Units
8 Units
10 Units
34 Units
(b) A candidate shall present a Seminar on his/her research proposal before
submitting such proposal for approval.
7. CURRICULAR LAY OUT
(a) Compulsory Courses for the M.Sc. Agricultural Economics
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
(b)
700
703
705
799
Seminar
Statistical Theory and Analysis
Research Methodology
Dissertation
2 Units
3 Units
3 Units
10 Units
18 Units
Required Course for the M.Sc. Agricultural Economics:
The candidate for M.Sc. Agricultural Economics shall have to offer the required units
from among the courses listed:
AGE 701
MICROECONOMIC- THEORY AND POLICY
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3 Units
23
AGE 702
AGE 704
MACROECONOMIC- THEORY AND POLICY
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
3 Units
2 Units
8 Units
(C) Electives Courses: A candidate shall take and pass a minimum of 6/8 Units
from the courses the selection of courses shall be done in consultation with the
supervisor(s) and the Head of Department.
Course No
AGE 706
AGE 707
AGE 708
AGE 709
AGE 710
AGE 711
AGE 712
AGE 713
(d)
Title
Production Economics
Farm Management
Operations Research
Econometrics
Agricultural Development and Analysis
Agricultural Project Analysis
Agricultural Marketing
Financial Management
Units
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
18 Units
Deficiency Courses
In addition to the prescribed courses, a candidate may be required to take
and pass with minimum “C” grade, some deficiency courses (Maximum 9
Units) for which he/she shall not earn any credit.
(e)
Cross Reference Courses
(i)
There are Cross Reference courses as indicated in section C above.
(ii)
Involvement of Staff from other Departments.
Staff from other Departments in the University will be involved to assist in teaching
some courses.
Prof. D.H. Balami
Economics
Professor
Prof. S. Msheliaza
Business Management
Professor
Dr. John Naphtali
Economics
8. DESCRIPTION OF COURSES
(a) M. Sc. Agricultural Economics
AGE 700: SEMINAR (2 UNITS)
Presentation of Seminar Papers on any topic other than the student’s M.Sc. work.
Attendance and participation in all departmental and Faculty Seminars is mandatory.
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AGE 701 – MICROECONOMIC- THEORY AND POLICY – 3 UNITS.
Micro-statistics and Micro-dynamic theory, price and distribution theory, theory of
production and theory of consumer behaviour, General equilibrium analysis, factor.
Market equilibrium, product market equilibrium, multi-markets equilibrium and the
exchange economy, Fundamentals of Welfare economics.
AGE 702- MACROECONOMIC- THEORY AND POLICY – 3 UNITS
The mechanics of national income determination, consumption demand the demand
for money, investment demand, classical price level determination, Keynesian
employment level determination, monetarists view of income and employment,
Wage-price dynamics, growth theories of technical progress, and the macro-theory
of distribution and disaggregated general equilibrium system and welfare Theory
AGE 703 – STATISTICAL THEORY AND ANALYSIS - 3 UNITS
Market chains, probability functions and probability laws, Expectation of functions,
random variables- independent and distributions of their expectations central limit
theory; analysis of variance; multiple comparisons, and economic application
stochastic processes. Descriptive and inferential statistics, Types of scale meaning
and application measurement of central tendency measurement of dispersion.
Hypothesis testing and other important tests. The Z, T, and F- tests, Introduction to
Computer application in Research.
AGE 704- SAMPLING TECHNIQUES - 2 UINTS
Principles of sampling theory as development for use in sample survey; simple
Random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling, cluster
Sampling and sampling; source of errors in survey and applications of sampling
Theory some selected specialized survey.
AGE 705 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY – 3 UNITS
Steps in the research process and their applications, Science and the scientific
method, Delineation of research problems and development of research objectives
research Designs in social research, data collection and general with emphasis on
field survey,
Analysing data and reporting results. Characteristics of Scientific Research Method
Exploratory and descriptive research studies Experimental designs for testing causal
Hypothesis. Sample and Sampling techniques, concept of evaluation and procedure
for evaluating an extension project.
AGE 706- PRODUCTION ECONOMICS 3 UNITS
Theories of production, Agricultural production functions, resource returns and
Production in agriculture, agricultural cost and supply functions, optimization of
Production and farm equilibrium, farm planning and linear programming, farm
Planning under uncertainty and efficiency and innovation in agriculture, Agricultural
cost and supply functions, optimization of production and farm Equilibrium, farm
planning and linear programming, farm planning under Uncertainty and efficiency
and innovation in agriculture.
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AGE 707- FARM MANAGEMENT – 2 UNITS
The farm planning environment and the managerial function, basic principles and
Concepts of farm management. Organization of capital labour and enterprise
Combination; Budgeting and programme planning; Investment analysis.
AGE 708 – OPERATIONS RESEARCH - 2 UNITS
Resume of quantitative tools in applied research; inventory models, products
Storage and other models; queuing Theory; Replacement, production smoothing and
competitive budgeting and resource use models transportation and assignment.
Programming models – Linear, dynamic parametric, integer, input-output
(interindustry) analysis, simulation and system analysis.
AGE 709 – ECONOMETRICS – 3 UNITS
Least squares estimates, maximum likelihood estimates, limited information
estimates,
Principles and techniques of prediction, problem of estimates,
Autocorrelation, multi- co linearity, heteroskedasticity, Lagged variables, dummy
variables,
Simultaneous equation problems.
AGE 710 – AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY – 2 UNITS
Theory of economic development; policies for economics development and
Characteristics of economically less developed countries and areas; analytical and
historical treatment of government policies and programmes affecting Nigerian
Agriculture; Agricultural development, evaluation of agricultural policy in a
Developing economy; comparative agricultural development individual country
Studies and seminars.
AGE 711- AGRICULTURAL PROJECT ANALYSIS - 2UNITS
Meaning of projects appraisal; the distinction between financial and economic
Appraisal, the tools of project analysis, issues in the appraisal of agricultural
Projects; uncertainty and risk analysis, sensitivity analysis, externalities.
AGE 712- AGRICULTURAL MARKETING - 2UNITS
Agricultural Marketing theory, concepts and models; marketing functions Processing
and transportation models. etc., marketing institutions – cooperatives Marketing
boards and other organization in marketing; market structure, conduct
in
performance; cost prices, margins, economics of scale and efficiency appraisal;
Consumer economics and demand analysis; marketing management and marketing
Management and marketing extension; inter-regional trade; market improvement
Planning and programmes; case studies of Nigeria.
AGE 713 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - 2 UNITS
Review of capital and investment theory; analysis of short-term working capital
Needs; cash budgeting procedures, proform a statement; major types of short
Term arrangements, and short term asset management; long term capital structure
Planning and capital budgeting; treatment of uncertainty in investment decisions;
Security under writing, divided policies and mergers.
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AGE 714 RESOURCES ECONOMICS -2 UNITS
Analytical frame work for demand and supply of farm resources; planning for farm
Resource development; alternative strategies for farm resources development and
uses, shadow pricing and some technical aspects of form land development and
farm resources developments with special emphasis on irrigation water; and
agricultural land taxation and water pricing efficiency. (b) M.Sc. Agricultural
Extension
AGE 700 Seminar
AGE 799 Thesis
2 Units
10 Units
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE PROGRAMMES
The Department offers Ph.D programmes with specialization in:
Agricultural Economics.
NOMENCLATURE OF THE DEGREE PROGRAMME:
Economics
Ph.D. Agricultural
DURATION: The Ph.D programme shall ordinarily be a minimum of three years (3
years) for candidate with M.Sc. and two years (2 yrs) with M. Phil from a recognized
University.
OBJECTIVES: The programme shall develop and train people in special skills and a
Scientific thinking to conduct teaching and/or research in Universities and research
Organizations.
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS
(i)
Master Degree (M.Sc/M. Phil) in the relevant subject with a minimum of B
average grade of the University of
Maiduguri or any other University recognized by the Senate of this University
(ii)
A candidate pursuing master’s degree programme in the University may be
allowed to advance to Ph.D. degree program in the same discipline after
completion of the course works on recommendation of the Department
and the Faculty Postgraduate Studies committee provided that such a
candidate maintains average grades in his/her course works.
(b) State the use of this expected manpower
The expected manpower will be used to transform and improve the agrarian
economy. The manpower will contribute in National planning and developmentof
the agricultural sector of the economy. The manpower will also advance
knowledge through teaching, research and development in Agricultural
Economics.
(c ) Employment Possibilities
Very high possibilities in the private sector, higher Institutions, National and
International government services agencies.
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THE STAFF ELIGIBLE TO PARTICIPATE THE PROGRAMME
S/NO NAME
RANK
1
Prof. Y. Bila
2
Prof. P .S. Amaza
3
Prof. A.C. Iheanacho
4
Dr. P.V. Kwaghe
5
Dr. (Mrs) C.O Ojo
6
Dr. Ibrahim Sulumbe
7
Dr. Salisu Mohammed Tijani
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
Professor
Professor
Professor
Reader
Senior Lecturer
Lecturer I
Lecturer I
S/NO COURSE DESCRIPTION
UNITS
(a)
(b)
10 Units
16 Units
(c )
Compulsory Courses
Elective Course
A candidates may be required to take and pass deficiency course(s) at lower
level as determined by the Department, provided that he/she shall not earn
any credit for such course(s)
CURRICULAR LAYOUT
(i) Compulsory Courses
COURSE NO TITLE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
(a)
800
801
802
803
810
899
Seminar
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Advanced
Thesis
Total
UNITS
microeconomics
Macroeconomics
Maths programming
Research Methodology
2 Units
3 Units
3 Units
3 Units
3 Units
40 Units
50
Elective Courses
A candidate shall take and pass a minimum of 10 units of courses relevant to
his/her area of specialization from any of the courses listed below. The selection
will be done in consultation with the supervisor(s)
COURSE NO
TITLE
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UNITS
28
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
804
805
806
807
808
809
Advannced Production E conomics
Resource Economics
Advanced Marketing Managemennt
Operation Research
Finnacial Management
Advanced Agricultural Business
Management
Total
3
3
3
3
2
2
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
Units
16
COURSE DESCRIPTION
AGE 800 Seminar 2 units
Presentation of Seminar paper related to the candidate’s field of study but not the
student’s PhD work. Attendance and participation in all Departmental and Faculty
Seminar is also required.
AGE 801 Advanced Microeconomic Theory - 3 units
Monopoly in theory and practice; Duopoly, Oligopoly, monophony, and oligopoly;
Pareto optimality and the efficiency of imperfect and Competition; taxes subsidies
and social welfare functions.
AGE 802- ADVANCED MACROECONOMIC THEORY – 3 UNITS
Presentation of the main body of aggregated economic theory including theory of
money, capital general equilibrium dynamic process, and growth.
AGE 803 ADVANCED RESEARCH MOTHODOLOGY 3 UNITS
Introduction to the scientific method and its relevance in Social Science research;
Types of research; survey research; correlation research; evaluation studies;
observational research ethrographic studies;historical research; components of a
research proposal; overview of the research process: Definition of a research
problem;Formulating Objectives and hypothesis; Rationale and Methods of literature
review; review; Data collection conventional and participatory methods of data
collection; validity and Reliability of data collection instruments;- ethical issues in
data collection; Sampling techniques and Sample size; Analysis and interpretation of
data, Preporation of research report;Review and evaluation of completed research
study.
AGE 804 ADVANCED PRODUCTION ECONOMICS - 3 UNITS
Theories and methods in agricultural production economics, static production theory
and relevant empirical studies, single and multiple productions in farm business
dynamic production theory– poly period production aggregate problems in
production analysis; supply functions and reponses; production and investment
analyses location and spatial structure of agricultural production and the use of
input-output models, growth of the firm, specific farm production analysis and
economic problems – livestock, forestry and wildlife, secondary production analyses
and their economic problems- processing of agricultural productions, case studies of
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29
Nigerian peasant farming, plantation and commercial farming systems. Economics
of tapping and utilizing earth resources.
AGE 805 RESOURCE ECONOMICS -3 UNITS
Analytical framework for demand and supply of farm resources; planning for farm
resources development alternative strategies for farm resources development and
use; shadow pricing and some techniques aspects of farming and development and
farm resource developments with special emphasis on irrigation water; agricultural
and agricultural land taxation and water pricing efficiency.
AGE 806 – MARKETING MANAGEMENT –3UNITS
Integrated analysis of major marketing decisions including
product, pricing,
advertising, distribution, and sales policies. Marketing analysis with emphasis on the
management of new product ventures, Personal selling, and marketing information
system. Application of statistical and other quantitative Concepts to marketing
management problems.
AGE 807 – OPERATIONS RESEARCH - 3 UNITS
Resume of quantitative tools in applied research; inventory models, product storage,
and other models queuing theory; replacement, production-smoothing and
competitive budgeting and resource use models allocative models, linear
programming , transportation and assignment; programming models- linear,
dynamic, parametric, integer input- output (interindustry) analysis; simulation and
system analysis
AGE 808 – ADVANCED FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT - 2UNITS
Review of capital and investment theory, analysis of short farm work capital needs,
cash budgeting procedures, performance statements; major types of short term loan
arrangements and short term assets management; long term capital structure
planning and capital budget treatment of uncertainty in Investment decisions; under
dividual policies and mergers; emphasis on application of the above to Nigeria.
AGE 809 – ADVANCED AGRIC. BUSINESS MANAGEMENT – 2 UNITS
Sample and methods of Agric. Business Management organized patterns and criteria
for organizational effectives; planning and decision-making and to the use
management control systems/staffing directing and management control system.
Case studies and of operatives management techniques in Agric. Business Research.
AGE 810 MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING - 3 UNITS
Algebra of linear inequalities and duality; theory of graphs and combinations,
general and special algorithms, discrete, stochastic non-linear and dynamic
programme duality and economic interpretations, computer programming.
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DEPARTMENT OF CROP PROTECTION
MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.SC) PROGRAMME
1.
INTRODUCTION
The Department offers M.Sc. degree programme in Crop Protection with
specialization in the following areas:
i.
Entomology
ii.
Nematology
iii.
Plant Pathology
2.
ENTRY REQUIREMENTS:
Candidates seeking admission into the M.Sc Programme in Crop Protection
should possess.
First degree in crop protection/Bachelor of Agriculture with first or second
class honours of the University of Maiduguri or other recognized Universities
within or outside Nigeria.
Fulfill the general requirements for admission to M. Sc Programmes as
stipulated by the School of Postgraduate Studies of the University of
Maiduguri
3.
DURATION:
The duration of the course of study would be a minimum of 2 years (24
calendar months).
4.
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE:
The M. Sc Programme in the Department has the following structure:
(i)
Compulsory Courses
15 units
(ii)
Optional Courses
9 units
(iii)
Dissertation
10 units
Total minimum units for the award of M. Sc. Degree 34 units
A student may be required to take deficiency courses (Maximum 9 units) as
prescribed by the Department. He/She shall have to pass such courses with a
minimum of “C” grade provided that He/She shall not earn any credit for deficiency
courses.
5.
(i)
LIST OF COURSES:
Compulsory Courses for the Three Areas of Specialization
a)
CRP 700:
Seminar
b)
CRP 701:
Pest and Disease Resistance in Plant
c)
CRP 702:
Pesticides and their Application
d)
CRP 703:
Pest Management
e)
CRP 704:
Bacterial and Viral Diseases of plant
f)
CRS 719
Crop Responses to Environment
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2 units
2 units
2 units
2
“
2
“
2
“
31
g)
h)
CRS 722:
CRP 799:
Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
Dissertation
3 “
10 units
(ii) Optional Courses for the three areas of Specialization
The students opting for any one of the three specialization groups shall have to offer
at least 9 units from among the courses listed under each specialization group.
(a) Entomolgy
CRP 711:
Insect Taxonomy
3 units
CRP 712:
Insect Ecology
3 units
CRP 713:
Insect Physiology & Morphology
3 “
CRP 714:
Insect Pests of Rainfed Crops
3 “
CRP 715:
Insect Pests of Irrigated Crops
3 “
CRP 716:
Storage Entomology
3 “
(b) Plant Nematology
CRP 731:
Nematological Techniques
3 units
CRP 732:
Nematode Morphology, Taxonomy, Physiology and
Biochemistry
3 units
CRP 733:
Nematode Diseases & Crop loss Assessment
3 “
CRP 734:
Nematode Ecology & Plant Diseases
3
“
CRP 735:
Nematode Management
3
“
CRP 758:
Diseases of Field Crops
3
“
CRP 799:
Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables
3
“
( c)
6.
Plant Pathology
CRP 751:
Mycology
CRP 752:
Genetics of Microbial Pathogens
CRP 753:
Epidemiology of Plant Diseases
CRP 754:
Ecology and Control of soil Borne Plant Diseases
CRP 756:
Bacterial Plant Diseases
CRP 757:
Plant Virology
CRP 759:
Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables
3 units
3 units
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
COURSE DESCRIPTION
CRP 700: SEMINAR
(2 units)
Presentation of two non-thesis based seminar focusing on the general area of the
candidate’s field of study.
CRP 701: PEST AND DISEASE RESISTANCE IN PLANTS
(2 Units)
Mechanisms of pest and disease resistance; gene for gene systems in host-parasite
interactions, testing and screening for pest and disease resistance, role of resistance
in pest and disease management.
CRP 702: PESTICIDES AND THEIR APPLICATION
(3 Units)
Crop protection pesticides; physical and chemical properties, mode of action,
metabolism, detection and determination by analytical methods; formulation
problem with respect to undesirable side effect especially in relation to
environmental persistence; techniques used in the evaluation of plant protection
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chemicals; methods of applying chemicals and the use and development of
insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and nematicides in modern agriculture. Practical:
Analytical methods of determining different pesticides, fungicides, and nematicides,
preparation of fungicides; pesticide residue in crops, use of pest control equipment.
CRP 703: PEST MANAMENT.
(2 Units)
The necessity of an integrated control approach; ecological basis of integrated
control; evaluation of an agro-ecosystem; economic injury, role of biological and
microbial control; selective insecticides in integrated control; used of resistant
varieties, in integrated control system; integrated control concept in relation to a
single pest species, multiple pest.
CRP 704: BACTERIAL AND VIRAL DISEASES OF PLANTS
(2 Units)
Taxonomy of plant pathogenic bacteria; morphological, cultural physiological and
pathogenic characteristics of bacteria; history and development of plant virology,
classification of plant viral diseases; control of viral and bacterial plant diseases.
Practical: Techniques of transmission of viruses and bacterial diseases,
symptomatology
CRP 711: INSECT TAXONOMY
(2 Units)
Review of conventional methods of insect classification and nomenclature;
characteristics used in insect classification biosystematics and numerical taxonomy;
species and ‘type’ concept; importance of insect taxonomy in agriculture. Practical:
Field trips around Borno and nearby states; collection, preservation, characteristic
and identification of insects from crop fields and stored plant products.
CRP 713: INSECT PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY
(3 Units)
External and internal structure of insects and modification; embryology and
metamorphosis; physiology of various life processes; nutrition, metabolism, sensory
response and behaviour, development and reproduction.
CRP 714: INSECT PESTS OF RAINFED CROPS
(2 Units)
Detailed account of systematic position, identification, distribution host range, life
and seasonal nature and extent of damage, natural enemies and control measures
of insect pests of rainfed crops in Nigeria.
CRP 731: NEMATOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
(3 Units)
Surveying plant-nematode problems; methods of sampling nematode communities,
nematode extraction; techniques for preparing nematodes for identification;
culturing techniques for nematodes.
CRP 732: NEMATODE MOTHOLOGY TAXONOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND
BIOCHEMISTRY
(3 Units)
Gross morphology and anatomy, classification of nematodes and nomenclature;
diagnostic characters useful in the identification of nematodes; digestive and
reproductive physiology and biochemistry.
CRP 733: NEMATODE DISEASES AND CROP LOSS ASSESSMENT (3 Units)
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Some economically important plant parasitic nematodes of selected crop; nematode
diseases of roots, stems, leaves, seed and flowers of crop plants; host-parasite
relationships and associated pathological changes and symptomology, mechanisms
of pathogenicity; damage potentials of nematodes on crops; crop loss assessment
methods importance of nematodes in agricultural production as a limiting factor.
CRP 734: NEMATODE ECOLOGY AND PLANT DISEASES
(3 Units)
Nematodes in agro ecosystems; ecological adaptations of nematodes based on
parasitism; host response and defensive mechanisms in ants, plant diseases due to:
(a) nematode and microorganisms interaction (Fungi Bacteria and Viruses), (b)
nematode and nematode population interaction (c) nematode and plant relationship
(d) Nematodes and soil environment relationship; nematodes as virus vectors;
concepts and principles of nematode population dynamic.
CRP 735: NEMATODE MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS (3 Units)
Evaluation of nematode problems; strategies for nematode control role of nematicide
in nematode management; land management and cultural practices; nematode
control in cropping system; crop rotation effects combined with cultural practices;
biological control of nematodes; physical control of nematodes; phytosanitary
inspection and plant quarantine regulation; integrated pest control-combination of
the available management strategies for the pest complex: breeding for resistance;
machinery for nematode control; nematicide formulations and application methods;
field calibration, procedures, and methods of operation, maintenance and safety
precautions.
CRP 752: GENETICS OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENS
(3 Units)
Taxonomy of fungal pathogens; variability and physiological specialization;
heterothallism, homothalism, heterokaryosis saltation, parasexuality, mutation,
hybridization, adaptation, and cytoplasmic variation; fungal mutation and parasitism;
nature of parasitism, origin, evaluation, types of parasitism, obligate and facultative
parasitism; variation and strains of viruses.
CRP 751: MYCOLOGY
(3 Units)
Historical development of mycology; modern concepts of classification and
nomenclature of fungi; life history and taxonomy of representative of fungi taken
from economically important orders. Practical: Comparative study of different
groups of fungi; collection, preservation and identification.
CRP 733: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PLANT DISEASE
(3 Units)
Host pre-disposition; inoculum build-up, inoculum potential, types, sources and
amount; dispersal of air-borne, seed-borne water borne plant diseases; epiphytotics,
development and types condition favouring macroclimate, microclimate; disease
forecasting and application of epidemiological principles to diseases control.
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CRP 754: ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SOIL BORNE PLANT DISEASE.(3
UNITS
Ecology of soil-borne fungi actinomycetes and bacteria, soil-inhabiting and root
disease fungi, dispersal of soil-borne pathogens, dormancy in relation to soil microorganism; the rhizosphere micro-flora; soil-borne diseases; root diseases, foot
disease, pre-emergence killing, damping off, seedling blight, vascular wilts, control
of soil-borne diseases
CRP 756: BACTERIAL PLANT DISEASES
(3 Units)
A review of taxonomy of plant pathogenic bacteria; microbiology of plant surfaces
bacteriophages, epiphytes and non pathogens; survival of plant pathogenic bacteria
on plant surfaces bacterial entry into plant and multiplication in vivo enzymes and
toxins. Practical: Use of Bergey’s manual; field study of major local plant pathogenic
bacterial diseases e.g. Wilts, blights and bacterial rots.
CRP 757: PLANT VIROLAGY
(3 Units)
Nature of virus, economic importance development of plant virology the virus
disease problems, methods of transmission-plant disease material, vectors, other
organism, Architecture of plant viruses; Ecology and serology; classification of plant
viruses. Practical: Symtomatology, purification and identification of strains. Criteria
for recognition of viruses and virus diseases: effect of chemicals is on virus
multiplication.
CRP 758: DISEASES OF FIELD CROPS
(3 Units)
Nature, prevalence and etiology of important infectious and non-infectious diseases
of field and plantation crops; control measures to be adopted against theses
diseases. Practical: Detailed study of symptoms and etiology of representative
diseases.
CRP 759: DISEASES OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLE
(3 Units)
Nature, prevalence and etiology of important infectious and on on-infectious
diseases of fruits and vegetables and their control Practical: Detailed study of the
symptoms and etiology of representative diseases.
CRS 719: CROP RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENT
(2 Units)
Different environmental factors affecting growth and development; effect of rainfall,
humidity, soil water, temperature, radiation and magnetism on crops;
evapotranspiration loss of water from crop canopies quality intensity and duration of
light and plant growth temperature gradients in crop canopies and diurnal variation;
adaptation of crop in different environmental conditions with special emphasis on dry
regions of the world.
CRP 722: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS (3 Units)
Major experimental designs (CRD, RCBD, Split-plot) and statistical inferences; nested
classification, straight factorials and various forms of split-plot in ‘space’ and ‘time’ in
field experiments; mean comparison tests; multiple pair wise comparison; curve
fitting involving multiple linear and non-liner regression models and correlation.
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CRP 799: DISSERTATION
(10 Units)
Research proposal, literature review and seminar; data collection and analyses,
dissertation write up and oral examination
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.) PROGRAMME IN CROP PROTECTION
1.
INTRODUCTION:
The Department of Crop Protection offers Doctor of Philosophy Degree in four
areas of specialization. These areas are:a)
Entomology
b)
Nematology
c)
Plant Pathology
d)
Virology
2.
ENTRY REQUIREMENTS:
The candidate seeking admission into the Ph. D. Programme in the
Department of Crop Protection should:
a)
Hold a Master of Science degree in Crop Protection with at list ‘B’
average from the University of Maiduguri.
b)
Hold an equivalent degree in Crop Protection from any other University
in Nigeria or other countries of the world provided such University is
recognized by the University of Maiduguri.
c)
Fulfill the General Requirements for admission to the Ph.D programme
as stipulated by the School of Postgraduate Studies of the University of
Maiduguri.
DURATION:
The duration of the programme is a minimum of three years. (6 semesters)
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE:
The Ph. D. Programme in the Department has the following structure.
a)
Compulsory Courses
8 units
b)
Optional Courses
12 units
c)
Ph.D. Thesis
40 units
Total minimum units for award of Ph. D. degree
60 units
3.
4.
A candidate may be required to take and pass deficiency course(s) at lower levels as
determined by the Department, provided that he/she shall not earn any credit for
such course(s). A candidate shall present a seminar on his/her research proposal
before submitting such proposal for approval of appropriate bodies of the University.
5.
LIST OF COURSES:
I
Compulsory Courses for the Four Areas of Specialization
CRP 800
Seminar
2 units
CRS 801
Research Methodology
3 units
CRP 807
Pesticide Toxicology
3 units
CRP 899
Thesis
40 units
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II
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Optional courses for the For the Areas of Specialization
Students opting for any one of the following specialization groups shall
have to offer at least 14 units from among the courses listed under
each specialization groups:
Entomology
CRP 801
Techniques in Entomology
3 units
CRP 802
Acarology
3 units
CRP 803:
Integrated Pest Management
3 units
CRP 804
Advanced Insect Taxonomy
3 “
CRP 805
Plant Resistance to Insects
3
“
CRP 806
Advanced Storage Entomology
3
“
CRP 808
Application of Pesticides
3 “
Plant Pathology
CRP 808
Application of Pesticides
CRP 811
Research Techniques in Plant Pathology
CRP 812
Ecological Concepts in Plant Pathology
CRP 813
Disease and Crop Loss Assessment
CRP 826:
Nematode control strategies
CRP 832
Physiology of Plant Virus Diseases
CRP 833:
Virus Ecology and Disease control
CRP 834:
Soil- Plant Disease Relationship
Nematology
CRP 808
Application of Pesticides
CRP 821
Advances in Biology of Nematodes
CRP 822
Advances in Biochemistry and Physiology
of Nematodes.
CRP 823
Agro Nematology
CRP 824
Nematode Ecology
CRP 825
Economic Nematology
CRP 826
Nematode Control Strategies
CRP 827
Nematode Interactions
Virology
CRP 808
Application of pesticides
CRP 811
Research Techniques in Plant pathology
CRP 813
Disease and Crop Loss Assessment
CRP 826
Nematode Control Strategies
CRP 831
Serological Methods
CRP 832
Physiology of Plant Virus Diseases
CRP 833
Virus Ecology and Disease Control
CRP 834:
Soil – Plant Disease Relationship
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3 units
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 units
3 “
3
“
3
3
3
3
3
units
units
units
“
“
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
37
COURSE DECRIPTION
CRP 800: SEMINAR
(2 units)
Presentation of two non-thesis based seminar focusing on the general area
candidate’s field of study.
CRS 801: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(3 units)
Critical study of methodology adapted in various laboratory techniques
involving the use of microton techniques, use of camera lucida, various
histochemical procedures, chromatography, bioassay techniques and soil and
plant analyses; research methods in relation to field techniques in conducting
experiments in areas of mixed cropping; weed control; fertilizer use, crop
physiology, irrigation and trials on perennial crops.
CRP 801: TECHNIQUES IN ENTOMOLOGY
(3 units)
Insect collection and preservation; sampling techniques; special methods
used in monitoring insect population; the use of probit analysis in insecticide
toxicology; identification and development of research targets in Entomology;
presentation of research results and preparation of journal articles.
CRP 802: ACAROLOGY
(3 units)
The scope of acarology; relationship with other arthropod; external and
internal morphology, physiology, taxonomy and ecology of acarrines;mites as
pests of field and stored products and their control.
CRP 803: INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
(3 Units)
The effect of farming practices on pest incidence and crop loss, methods of
insect control and reduction of crop loss by non-chemical intervention. Effect
of chemicals on target and non-target populations.
Persistence and
development of resistance. Toxicity of chemicals to man and their effect on
environment. Evaluation of insect control programmes.
CRP 804: ADVANCED INSECT TAXONOMY
(3 units)
Detailed study of biosystematics of selected orders, largely by reading
assignments, papers based on field collections.
CRP 805: PLANT RESISTANCE TO INSECTS
(3 units)
Biochemical and morphological bases of resistance, genetic factors affecting
expression and stability of resistance, environmental factors influencing the
magnitude and expression of resistance, use of resistant varieties in pest
management system.
CRP 806: ADVANCED STORAGE ENTOMOLGY
Recent developments in stored product Entomology
(3 units)
CRP 807: PESTICIDE TOXICOLOGY
(3 units)
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Mechanisms of pesticide activity; persistence, residues and pesticide
resistance; phytotoxicity; methods of estimation of pesticide residues;
ecological problems of persistence; limitations in the use of pesticides;
hazards, precautions and effects on the environment.
CRP 808: APPLICATION OF RESTICIDES
(3 units)
Machinery for pesticide application, principle and use; field practice in
pesticide application.
CRP 811: RESEARCH TECHNIQUES IN PLANT PATHOLOGY (3 units)
Culture media, isolating of pathogens from infected plant materials;
production of inoculum; inoculation techniques; control of environment;
recording disease data; specialized instrumentation; histology; photography;
communication and publication.
CRP 812: ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS IN PLANT PATHOLOGY (3 units)
The impact of ecology in plant disease epidemiology populations, attributes
of population, classes of population, temporal attributes of population, spatial
attributes of population, genetic attributes of population; population statistics;
life tables, reproduction tables and their application, compensation and
carrying capacity.
CRP 813: DISEASE AND CROP ASSESSMENT
(3 units)
Disease assessment, loss assessment, relating disease level to loss, prediction
of loss from severity; physiology of crop loss; interaction between agents of
crop loss; application of crop loss assessment principles to mycopathology,
bacteriology, nematology and virology; policy considerations.
CRP 821: ADVANCES IN BIOLOGY OF NEMATODES
(3 units)
Nematode morphology, anatomy and ultra structure; nematode taxonomy
with emphasis on diagnostic characters used in identification and
differentiating the groups; preparation of nematodes for laboratory
identification, for histopathological studies, methods for culturing nematodes
and for electron microscopy; life history, locomotion, feeding habits and
reproduction of economically important plant parasitic nematodes.
CRP 822: ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMISTY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
NEMATODES (3 units)
Nematode behaviour and development; moulting and survival strategies;
factors involved in hatching and host recognition by plant parasitic
nematodes; nematode/plant relations – physiological or biochemical
interactions; factors of resistance biochemical and immunochemical
approaches to taxonomy, biochemical approach for identification of races and
population below the species level, use of enzyme electrophoresis
immunological techniques and DNA analysis for precise species identification.
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CRP 823: AGRONEMATOLOGY
(3 units)
Nematode species associated with agricultural crops in Nigeria and their host
range; nematodes associated with specific crops areas and cropping systems
damage threshold and host resistance, applied and economic aspects of plant
diseases incited by nematodes; determination of the impact of nematode
species on crop production and to develop the technology necessary to
reduce the adverse effects of the nematode species; estimation of crop loss
due to plant parasitic nematodes on Nigerian crops.
CRP 824: NEMATODE ECOLOGY
(3 units)
Role of nematodes in ecosystems; tropic pattern including parasitism of plants
and animals and study of plant parasitism; ecology, behavior, diversity and
population dynamics of nematodes and modeling; factors (natural & soil)
controlling nematodes; nematodes in environmental studies; pollution and
ecotoxicological studies with nematodes; approaches to management
ecosystems.
CRP 825: ECONOMIC NEMATOLOGY
(3 units)
Distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in Nigeria sampling strategies and
list of major hosts; monitoring the nematode community and the
interpretation of nematode counts and the economics of monitoring pest
populations; determination of economic threshold and crop loss assessment;
relationship between crop loss and nematodes as affected by environmental
conditions; field scouting, assessment of nematode problems and
management strategies for plant parasitic nematodes of agricultural crops.
CRP 826: NEMATODE CONTROL STRATEGIES
(3 units)
Cultural control – cultural practices rotation and cropping systems for
nematode control,; biological control – use of natural enemies of nematodes,
use of parasites and predators, use of plant products and extracts etc., and
other plant parts, use of antagonistic plants, addition of organic amendments;
chemical control – nematicides, agrochemicals and environmental pollution;
nematicide residues and their interactions with other pesticides; physical
control thermotherapy, phytotherapy, chemotherapy and nutritional
supplements; regulatory control – plant quarantine and phytosanitory
regulations and certification; integrated control – nematode control
procedures in intergrated pest management; plant breeding for resistance to
nematodes, germplasm for major nematode species sources, genetics of
nematode pearsitism in plants, genetic basis of plant resistance to
nematodes, methods of screening, breeding for nematode resistance from
green revolution to gene revolution.
CRP 827: NEMATODE INTERACTIONS
(3 units)
Mechanism of interaction; nematode/plant interaction; nematode/insect
interaction; nematode/bacteria interaction; nematode/fungi problems;
nematode/virus relations; cumulative effects of simultaneous multiple species
infection; usceptibility/tolerance/resistance.
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CRP 831: SEROLOGICAL METHODS
(3 units)
Principles and uses of serological tests; preparation of antisera; serological
techniques, basic information on virus infection, chloroplast, latex, red blood
cells agglutination tests, tube precipitation, quantitative preciption cest,,
compliment-fixation, ring interfase, gel-diffusion, imuno-osmophoresis, antibody tracer techniques etc. antigenicity in plant viruses.
CRP 832: PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANT VIRUS DISEASE
(3 units)
Metabolism of virus-infected plants; effects of virus infection on
photosynthesis; translocation of the viruses in plants, interference between
viruses, latent infection and its economy significance, resistance to virus to
virus infection shown by plant.
CRP 833: VIRUS ECOLOGY DISEASE CONTROL
(3 units)
Sources of plant pathogenic viruses and vectors; patters and amount spread
of virus in crops; factors affecting spread of virus within crops, agronomic
and host factors; important vectors in nature, viruses which spread without
vectors; ecological systems; effects of virus infection on other plant
pathogens, virus infection on yield; ways of preventing losses.
CRP 834: SOIL-PLANT DISEASE RELATIONSHIP
(3 units)
Soil as bio-complex for plant pathogens, seed as career of diseases,
saprophytic and parastitic behaviour of root-infecting organisms; rhizosphore;
competition; antibious; survival and dormancy of plant pathogens; control of
root disease.
CRP 899: RESEARCH
(40 units)
DEPARTMENT OF CROP PROTECTION - ACADEMIC STAFF LIST FOR
POSTGRADUATE TEACHING AND RESEARCH
S/NO: Name
Rank
Area of pecialization
1.
Prof. A.B. Anaso
Professor
Mycology
2.
Prof. S.O. Afolami
Professor
Nematology
3.
Dr. D.M. Gwary
Senior Lecturer
Mycology
4.
Dr. B.S. Bdliya
Senior Lecturer
Bacteriology
5.
Dr. B.M. Sastawa
Senior Lecturer
Entomology
6.
Dr. B.G.J. Kabir
Lecturer I
Entomology
7.
Dr. Y.T. Maina
Lecturer I
Entomology
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MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.SC) PROGRAMME
1.
INTRODUCTION
The Department offers M.Sc. degree programme in Crop Protection with
specialization in the following areas:
a)
Entomology
b)
Nematology
c)
Plant Pathology
2.
ENTRY REQUIREMENTS:
Candidates seeking admission into the M.Sc Programme in Crop Protection
should possess.
a)
First degree in crop protection/Bachelor of Agriculture with first or second
class honours of the University of Maiduguri or other recognized
Universities within or outside Nigeria.
b)
Fulfill the general requirements for admission to M. Sc Programmes as
stipulated by the School of Postgraduate Studies of the University of
Maiduguri
3.
DURATION:
The duration of the course of study would be a minimum of 2 years (24
calendar months).
4.
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE:
The M. Sc Programme in the Department has the following structure:
a)
Compulsory Courses
15 units
b)
Optional Courses
9 units
c)
Dissertation
10 units
d)
Total minimum units for the award of M. Sc. Degree 34 units
A student may be required to take deficiency courses (Maximum 9 units) as
prescribed by the Department. He/She shall have to pass such courses with a
minimum of “C” grade provided that He/She shall not earn any credit for
deficiency courses.
5.
(i)
LIST OF COURSES:
Compulsory Courses for the Three Areas of Specialization
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
(ii)
CRP
CRP
CRP
CRP
CRP
CRS
CRS
CRP
700:
701:
702:
703:
704:
719
722:
799:
Seminar
Pest and Disease Resistance in Plant
Pesticides and their Application
Pest Management
Bacterial and Viral Diseases of plant
Crop Responses to Environment
Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis
Dissertation
2 units
2 units
2 units
2
“
2
“
2
“
3 “
10 units
Optional Courses for the three areas of Specialization
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The students opting for any one of the three specialization groups shall have
to offer at least 9 units from among the courses listed under each
specialization group.
(a)
Entomolgy
(b)
Plant Nematology
CRP
CRP
CRP
CRP
CRP
CRP
711:
712:
713:
714:
715:
716:
CRP 731:
CRP 732:
CRP
CRP
CRP
CRP
CRP
( c)
3 units
3 units
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
Nematological Techniques
Nematode Morphology, Taxonomy,
Physiology and Biochemistry
Nematode Diseases & Crop loss Assessment
Nematode Ecology & Plant Diseases
Nematode Management
Diseases of Field Crops
Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables
3 units
Plant Pathology
CRP
CRP
CRP
CRP
CRP
CRP
CRP
6.
733:
734:
735:
758:
799:
Insect Taxonomy
Insect Ecology
Insect Physiology & Morphology
Insect Pests of Rainfed Crops
Insect Pests of Irrigated Crops
Storage Entomology
751:
752:
753:
754:
756:
757:
759:
Mycology
Genetics of Microbial Pathogens
Epidemiology of Plant Diseases
Ecology and Control of soil Borne Plant Diseases
Bacterial Plant Diseases
Plant Virology
Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables
3 units
3 “
3
“
3
“
3
“
3
“
3 units
3 units
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
COURSE DESCRIPTION
CRP 700: SEMINAR
(2 units)
Presentation of two non-thesis based seminar focusing on the general area of the
candidate’s field of study.
CRP 701: PEST AND DISEASE RESISTANCE IN PLANTS
(2 Units)
Mechanisms of pest and disease resistance; gene for gene systems in host-parasite
interactions, testing and screening for pest and disease resistance, role of resistance
in pest and disease management.
CRP 702: PESTICIDES AND THEIR APPLICATION
(3 Units)
Crop protection pesticides; physical and chemical properties, mode of action,
metabolism, detection and determination by analytical methods; formulation
problem with respect to undesirable side effect especially in relation to
environmental persistence; techniques used in the evaluation of plant protection
chemicals; methods of applying chemicals and the use and development of
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insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and nematicides in modern agriculture. Practical:
Analytical methods of determining different pesticides, fungicides, and nematicides,
preparation of fungicides; pesticide residue in crops, use of pest control equipment.
CRP 703: PEST MANAMENT.
(2 Units)
The necessity of an integrated control approach; ecological basis of integrated
control; evaluation of an agro-ecosystem; economic injury, role of biological and
microbial control; selective insecticides in integrated control; used of resistant
varieties, in integrated control system; integrated control concept in relation to a
single pest species, multiple pest.
CRP 704: BACTERIAL AND VIRAL DISEASES OF PLANTS
(2 Units)
Taxonomy of plant pathogenic bacteria; morphological, cultural physiological and
pathogenic characteristics of bacteria; history and development of plant virology,
classification of plant viral diseases; control of viral and bacterial plant diseases.
Practical: Techniques of transmission of viruses and bacterial diseases,
symptomatology
CRP 711: INSECT TAXONOMY
(2 Units)
Review of conventional methods of insect classification and nomenclature;
characteristics used in insect classification biosystematics and numerical taxonomy;
species and ‘type’ concept; importance of insect taxonomy in agriculture. Practical:
Field trips around Borno and nearby states; collection, preservation, characteristic
and identification of insects from crop fields and stored plant products.
CRP 713: INSECT PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY
(3 Units)
External and internal structure of insects and modification; embryology and
metamorphosis; physiology of various life processes; nutrition, metabolism, sensory
response and behaviour, development and reproduction.
CRP 714: INSECT PESTS OF RAINFED CROPS
(2 Units)
Detailed account of systematic position, identification, distribution host range, life
and seasonal nature and extent of damage, natural enemies and control measures
of insect pests of rainfed crops in Nigeria.
CRP 731: NEMATOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
(3 Units)
Surveying plant-nematode problems; methods of sampling nematode communities,
nematode extraction; techniques for preparing nematodes for identification;
culturing techniques for nematodes.
CRP 732: NEMATODE MOTHOLOGY TAXONOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND
BIOCHEMISTRY
(3 Units)
Gross morphology and anatomy, classification of nematodes and nomenclature;
diagnostic characters useful in the identification of nematodes; digestive and
reproductive physiology and biochemistry.
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CRP 733: NEMATODE DISEASES AND CROP LOSS ASSESSMENT (3 Units)
Some economically important plant parasitic nematodes of selected crop; nematode
diseases of roots, stems, leaves, seed and flowers of crop plants; host-parasite
relationships and associated pathological changes and symptomology, mechanisms
of pathogenicity; damage potentials of nematodes on crops; crop loss assessment
methods importance of nematodes in agricultural production as a limiting factor.
CRP 734: NEMATODE ECOLOGY AND PLANT DISEASES
(3 Units)
Nematodes in agro ecosystems; ecological adaptations of nematodes based on
parasitism; host response and defensive mechanisms in ants, plant diseases due to:
(a) nematode and microorganisms interaction (Fungi Bacteria and Viruses), (b)
nematode and nematode population interaction (c) nematode and plant relationship
(d) Nematodes and soil environment relationship; nematodes as virus vectors;
concepts and principles of nematode population dynamic.
CRP 735: NEMATODE MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS (3 Units)
Evaluation of nematode problems; strategies for nematode control role of nematicide
in nematode management; land management and cultural practices; nematode
control in cropping system; crop rotation effects combined with cultural practices;
biological control of nematodes; physical control of nematodes; phytosanitary
inspection and plant quarantine regulation; integrated pest control-combination of
the available management strategies for the pest complex: breeding for resistance;
machinery for nematode control; nematicide formulations and application methods;
field calibration, procedures, and methods of operation, maintenance and safety
precautions.
CRP 752: GENETICS OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENS
(3 Units)
Taxonomy of fungal pathogens; variability and physiological specialization;
heterothallism, homothalism, heterokaryosis saltation, parasexuality, mutation,
hybridization, adaptation, and cytoplasmic variation; fungal mutation and parasitism;
nature of parasitism, origin, evaluation, types of parasitism, obligate and facultative
parasitism; variation and strains of viruses.
CRP 751: MYCOLOGY
(3 Units)
Historical development of mycology; modern concepts of classification and
nomenclature of fungi; life history and taxonomy of representative of fungi taken
from economically important orders. Practical: Comparative study of different
groups of fungi; collection, preservation and identification.
CRP 733: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PLANT DISEASE
(3 Units)
Host pre-disposition; inoculum build-up, inoculum potential, types, sources and
amount; dispersal of air-borne, seed-borne water borne plant diseases; epiphytotics,
development and types condition favouring macroclimate, microclimate; disease
forecasting and application of epidemiological principles to diseases control.
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CRP 754: ECOLOGY AND CONTROL OF SOIL BORNE PLANT DISEASE.
(3 UNITS
Ecology of soil-borne fungi actinomycetes and bacteria, soil-inhabiting and root
disease fungi, dispersal of soil-borne pathogens, dormancy in relation to soil microorganism; the rhizosphere micro-flora; soil-borne diseases; root diseases, foot
disease, pre-emergence killing, damping off, seedling blight, vascular wilts, control
of soil-borne diseases
CRP 756: BACTERIAL PLANT DISEASES
(3 Units)
A review of taxonomy of plant pathogenic bacteria; microbiology of plant surfaces
bacteriophages, epiphytes and non pathogens; survival of plant pathogenic bacteria
on plant surfaces bacterial entry into plant and multiplication in vivo enzymes and
toxins. Practical: Use of Bergey’s manual; field study of major local plant pathogenic
bacterial diseases e.g. Wilts, blights and bacterial rots.
CRP 757: PLANT VIROLAGY
(3 Units)
Nature of virus, economic importance development of plant virology the virus
disease problems, methods of transmission-plant disease material, vectors, other
organism, Architecture of plant viruses; Ecology and serology; classification of plant
viruses. Practical: Symtomatology, purification and identification of strains. Criteria
for recognition of viruses and virus diseases: effect of chemicals is on virus
multiplication.
CRP 758: DISEASES OF FIELD CROPS
(3 Units)
Nature, prevalence and etiology of important infectious and non-infectious diseases
of field and plantation crops; control measures to be adopted against theses
diseases. Practical: Detailed study of symptoms and etiology of representative
diseases.
CRP 759: DISEASES OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLE
(3 Units)
Nature, prevalence and etiology of important infectious and on on-infectious
diseases of fruits and vegetables and their control Practical: Detailed study of the
symptoms and etiology of representative diseases.
CRS 719: CROP RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENT
(2 Units)
Different environmental factors affecting growth and development; effect of rainfall,
humidity, soil water, temperature, radiation and magnetism on crops;
evapotranspiration loss of water from crop canopies quality intensity and duration of
light and plant growth temperature gradients in crop canopies and diurnal variation;
adaptation of crop in different environmental conditions with special emphasis on dry
regions of the world.
CRP 722: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS (3 Units)
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Major experimental designs (CRD, RCBD, Split-plot) and statistical inferences; nested
classification, straight factorials and various forms of split-plot in ‘space’ and ‘time’ in
field experiments; mean comparison tests; multiple pair wise comparison; curve
fitting involving multiple linear and non-liner regression models and correlation.
CRP 799: DISSERTATION
(10 Units)
Research proposal, literature review and seminar; data collection and analyses,
dissertation write up and oral examination
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.) PROGRAMME IN CROP PROTECTION
1.
INTRODUCTION:
The Department of Crop Protection offers Doctor of Philosophy Degree in four
areas of specialization. These areas are:a)
Entomology
b)
Nematology
c)
Plant Pathology
d)
Virology
2.
ENTRY REQUIREMENTS:
The candidate seeking admission into the Ph. D. Programme in the
Department of Crop Protection should:
a)
Hold a Master of Science degree in Crop Protection with at list ‘B’
average from the University of Maiduguri.
b)
Hold an equivalent degree in Crop Protection from any other University
in
Nigeria or other countries of the world provided such University is
recognized by the University of Maiduguri.
c)
Fulfill the General Requirements for admission to the Ph.D programme
as stipulated by the School of Postgraduate Studies of the University of
Maiduguri.
DURATION:
The duration of the programme is a minimum of three years. (6
semesters)
PROGRAMME STRUCTURE:
The Ph. D. Programme in the Department has the following structure.
a)
Compulsory Courses
8 units
b)
Optional Courses
12 units
c)
Ph.D. Thesis
40 units
Total minimum units for award of Ph. D. degree
60 units
3.
4.
A candidate may be required to take and pass deficiency course(s) at lower levels as
determined by the Department, provided that he/she shall not earn any credit for
such course(s). A candidate shall present a seminar on his/her research proposal
before submitting such proposal for approval of appropriate bodies of the University.
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5.
LIST OF COURSES:
I
Compulsory Courses for the Four Areas of Specialization
CRP 800
Seminar
2 units
CRS 801
Research Methodology
3 units
CRP 807
Pesticide Toxicology
3 units
CRP 899
Thesis
40 units
II
Optional courses for the For the Areas of Specialization
Students opting for any one of the following specialization groups shall
have to offer at least 14 units from among the courses listed under
each specialization groups:
(c)
Entomology
CRP 801
Techniques in Entomology
3 units
CRP 802
Acarology
3 units
CRP 803:
Integrated Pest Management
3 units
CRP 804
Advanced Insect Taxonomy
3 “
CRP 805
Plant Resistance to Insects
3
“
CRP 806
Advanced Storage Entomology
3
“
CRP 808
Application of Pesticides
3 “
(d) Plant Pathology
CRP 808
Application of Pesticides
3 units
CRP 811
Research Techniques in Plant Pathology
3 “
CRP 812
Ecological Concepts in Plant Pathology
3 “
CRP 813
Disease and Crop Loss Assessment
3 “
CRP 826:
Nematode control strategies
3 “
CRP 832
Physiology of Plant Virus Diseases
3 “
CRP 833:
Virus Ecology and Disease control
3 “
CRP 834:
Soil- Plant Disease Relationship
3 “
(c)
(e)
Nematology
CRP 808
Application of Pesticides
CRP 821
Advances in Biology of Nematodes
CRP 822
Advances in Biochemistry and Physiology
of Nematodes
CRP 823
Agro Nematology
CRP 824
Nematode Ecology
CRP 825
Economic Nematology
CRP 826
Nematode Control Strategies
CRP 827
Nematode Interactions
Virology
CRP 808
Application of pesticides
CRP 811
Research Techniques in Plant pathology
CRP 813
Disease and Crop Loss Assessment
CRP 826
Nematode Control Strategies
CRP 831
Serological Methods
CRP 832
Physiology of Plant Virus Diseases
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3 units
3 “
3
3
3
3
3
3
“
units
units
units
“
“
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
3 “
48
CRP 833
CRP 834:
Virus Ecology and Disease Control
Soil – Plant Disease Relationship
3
3
“
“
COURSE DECRIPTION
CRP 800: SEMINAR
(2 units)
Presentation of two non-thesis based seminar focusing on the general area
candidate’s field of study.
CRS 801: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(3 units)
Critical study of methodology adapted in various laboratory techniques
involving the use of microton techniques, use of camera lucida, various
histochemical procedures, chromatography, bioassay techniques and soil and
plant analyses; research methods in relation to field techniques in conducting
experiments in areas of mixed cropping; weed control; fertilizer use, crop
physiology, irrigation and trials on perennial crops.
CRP 801: TECHNIQUES IN ENTOMOLOGY
(3 units)
Insect collection and preservation; sampling techniques; special methods
used in monitoring insect population; the use of probit analysis in insecticide
toxicology; identification and development of research targets in Entomology;
presentation of research results and preparation of journal articles.
CRP 802: ACAROLOGY
(3 units)
The scope of acarology; relationship with other arthropod; external and
internal morphology, physiology, taxonomy and ecology of acarrines;mites as
pests of field and stored products and their control.
CRP 803: INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
(3 Units)
The effect of farming practices on pest incidence and crop loss, methods of
insect control and reduction of crop loss by non-chemical intervention. Effect
of chemicals on target and non-target populations.
Persistence and
development of resistance. Toxicity of chemicals to man and their effect on
environment. Evaluation of insect control programmes.
CRP 804: ADVANCED INSECT TAXONOMY
(3 units)
Detailed study of biosystematics of selected orders, largely by reading
assignments, papers based on field collections.
CRP 805: PLANT RESISTANCE TO INSECTS
(3 units)
Biochemical and morphological bases of resistance, genetic factors affecting
expression and stability of resistance, environmental factors influencing the
magnitude and expression of resistance, use of resistant varieties in pest
management system.
CRP 806: ADVANCED STORAGE ENTOMOLGY
Recent developments in stored product Entomology
(3 units)
CRP 807: PESTICIDE TOXICOLOGY
(3 units)
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Mechanisms of pesticide activity; persistence, residues and pesticide
resistance; phytotoxicity; methods of estimation of pesticide residues;
ecological problems of persistence; limitations in the use of pesticides;
hazards, precautions and effects on the environment.
CRP 808: APPLICATION OF RESTICIDES
(3 units)
Machinery for pesticide application, principle and use; field practice in
pesticide application.
CRP 811: RESEARCH TECHNIQUES IN PLANT PATHOLOGY (3 units)
Culture media, isolating of pathogens from infected plant materials;
production of inoculum; inoculation techniques; control of environment;
recording disease data; specialized instrumentation; histology; photography;
communication and publication.
CRP 812: ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS IN PLANT PATHOLOGY (3 units)
The impact of ecology in plant disease epidemiology populations, attributes
of population, classes of population, temporal attributes of population, spatial
attributes of population, genetic attributes of population; population statistics;
life tables, reproduction tables and their application, compensation and
carrying capacity.
CRP 813: DISEASE AND CROP ASSESSMENT
(3 units)
Disease assessment, loss assessment, relating disease level to loss, prediction
of loss from severity; physiology of crop loss; interaction between agents of
crop loss; application of crop loss assessment principles to mycopathology,
bacteriology, nematology and virology; policy considerations.
CRP 821: ADVANCES IN BIOLOGY OF NEMATODES
(3 units)
Nematode morphology, anatomy and ultra structure; nematode taxonomy
with emphasis on diagnostic characters used in identification and
differentiating the groups; preparation of nematodes for laboratory
identification, for histopathological studies, methods for culturing nematodes
and for electron microscopy; life history, locomotion, feeding habits and
reproduction of economically important plant parasitic nematodes.
CRP 822: ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMISTY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF
NEMATODES
(3 units)
Nematode behaviour and development; moulting and survival strategies;
factors involved in hatching and host recognition by plant parasitic
nematodes; nematode/plant relations – physiological or biochemical
interactions; factors of resistance biochemical and immunochemical
approaches to taxonomy, biochemical approach for identification of races and
population below the species level, use of enzyme electrophoresis
immunological techniques and DNA analysis for precise species identification.
CRP 823: AGRONEMATOLOGY
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(3 units)
50
Nematode species associated with agricultural crops in Nigeria and their host
range; nematodes associated with specific crops areas and cropping systems
damage threshold and host resistance, applied and economic aspects of plant
diseases incited by nematodes; determination of the impact of nematode
species on crop production and to develop the technology necessary to
reduce the adverse effects of the nematode species; estimation of crop loss
due to plant parasitic nematodes on Nigerian crops.
CRP 824: NEMATODE ECOLOGY
(3 units)
Role of nematodes in ecosystems; tropic pattern including parasitism of plants
and animals and study of plant parasitism; ecology, behavior, diversity and
population dynamics of nematodes and modeling; factors (natural & soil)
controlling nematodes; nematodes in environmental studies; pollution and
ecotoxicological studies with nematodes; approaches to management
ecosystems.
CRP 825: ECONOMIC NEMATOLOGY
(3 units)
Distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in Nigeria sampling strategies and
list of major hosts; monitoring the nematode community and the
interpretation of nematode counts and the economics of monitoring pest
populations; determination of economic threshold and crop loss assessment;
relationship between crop loss and nematodes as affected by environmental
conditions; field scouting, assessment of nematode problems and
management strategies for plant parasitic nematodes of agricultural crops.
CRP 826: NEMATODE CONTROL STRATEGIES
(3 units)
Cultural control – cultural practices rotation and cropping systems for
nematode control,; biological control – use of natural enemies of nematodes,
use of parasites and predators, use of plant products and extracts etc., and
other plant parts, use of antagonistic plants, addition of organic amendments;
chemical control – nematicides, agrochemicals and environmental pollution;
nematicide residues and their interactions with other pesticides; physical
control thermotherapy, phytotherapy, chemotherapy and nutritional
supplements; regulatory control – plant quarantine and phytosanitory
regulations and certification; integrated control – nematode control
procedures in intergrated pest management; plant breeding for resistance to
nematodes, germplasm for major nematode species sources, genetics of
nematode pearsitism in plants, genetic basis of plant resistance to
nematodes, methods of screening, breeding for nematode resistance from
green revolution to gene revolution.
CRP 827: NEMATODE INTERACTIONS
(3 units)
Mechanism of interaction; nematode/plant interaction; nematode/insect
interaction; nematode/bacteria interaction; nematode/fungi problems;
nematode/virus relations; cumulative effects of simultaneous multiple species
infection; susceptibility/tolerance/resistance.
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CRP 831: SEROLOGICAL METHODS
(3 units)
Principles and uses of serological tests; preparation of antisera; serological
techniques, basic information on virus infection, chloroplast, latex, red blood
cells agglutination tests, tube precipitation, quantitative preciption cest,,
compliment-fixation, ring interfase, gel-diffusion, imuno-osmophoresis, antibody tracer techniques etc. antigenicity in plant viruses.
CRP 832: PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANT VIRUS DISEASE
(3 units)
Metabolism of virus-infected plants; effects of virus infection on
photosynthesis; translocation of the viruses in plants, interference between
viruses, latent infection and its economy significance, resistance to virus to
virus infection shown by plant.
CRP 833: VIRUS ECOLOGY DISEASE CONTROL
(3 units)
Sources of plant pathogenic viruses and vectors; patters and amount spread
of virus in crops; factors affecting spread of virus within crops, agronomic
and host factors; important vectors in nature, viruses which spread without
vectors; ecological systems; effects of virus infection on other plant
pathogens, virus infection on yield; ways of preventing losses.
CRP 834: SOIL-PLANT DISEASE RELATIONSHIP
(3 units)
Soil as bio-complex for plant pathogens, seed as career of diseases,
saprophytic and parastitic behaviour of root-infecting organisms; rhizosphore;
competition; antibious; survival and dormancy of plant pathogens; control of
root disease.
CRP 899: RESEARCH
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(40 units)
52
DEPARTMENT OF CROP PRODUCTION
Master Degree (M.Sc) Programme in Crop Production
1. Department: Department of Crop Production
2. Programme: M.Sc. Crop Production
4. Objectives
(a) To strengthen the programme by providing more relevant Courses in line
with new Developments in the field of Crop Science
(b) To provide more relevant and adequate preparation in Crop Science Courses
for Candidates admitted to the Master Degree Programme
(c) To conform to NUC upward review of undergraduate courses.
4. Availability of Staff
The Department has at present 1 Professor, 2 Readers, 2 Senior Lecturers and 1
Lecturer I (Ph.D.).
There are no service courses from any other Departments.
5. Equipment facilities
The Department has gotten very good supply of equipment relevant for most of
the area of studies at the M.Sc. level. The Agro-vet library, CAZS library, the Ramat
library and the Faculty internet Café are all available resources for the students.
1. INTRODUCTION
The Department offers M. Sc. Degree programme designed as M. Sc. Crop
Production. The programme shall have specialization as indicated below:DEGREE
M. Sc. Crop Production
SPECIALIZATION
(a) Crop Physiology and Production
(b) Crop Genetics and Breeding
(c) Horticulture
(d) Weed Science
2. PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
(a) Compulsory Courses
(b) Optional Courses
(c) Dissertation
15 units
9 units
10 units
B. A Student may be required to take deficiency courses (Maximum 9 units) as
prescribed by the Department. He/She shall have to pass such courses with a
minimum of “C” grade provided that He/She shall not earn any Credit for deficiency
courses.
3. List of Courses
i. Compulsory Courses for the four Areas of Specialization
CRS 701: Advanced Crop Physiology
CRS 703: Advanced Crop Breeding 1
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Units
3
3
53
CRS
CRS
CRP
CRS
CRS
719: Crop Responses to Environment
722: Experimental Designs and Statistical Analysis
702: Pesticides and their Application
700: Seminar
799: Dissertation
2
3
2
2
10
ii. Optional Course for the four areas of Specialization
The students opting for any one of the specialization groups shall have to offer at
least 9 units from among the courses listed under each specialization group.
(a) Crop Physiology and Production
CRS
CRS
CRS
CRS
CRS
702:
707:
708:
709:
720:
Advanced Crop Production
Analysis of Plant Growth and Yield
Plant growth substances in Crop Production
Nitrogen Fixation and Nitrogen Metabolism
Radio Isotapes in Crop Research
Units
3
3
3
3
3
(b) Crop Genetics and Breeding
CRS 710: Advanced Crop Breeding II
CRS 711: Cytogenetics
CRS 712: Population Genetics
CRS 713: Breeding for Stress and Disease Resistance
CRS 720: Radio Isotapes in Crop Research
3
3
3
3
3
(c) Horticulture
CRS 716: Physiology of Horticultural Plants
CRS 717: Advanced Vegetable Seed Production
CRS 718: Flower, Fruit and Vegetable Breeding
CRS 521: Advanced Fruit and Vegetable Production
CRS 724: Advanced Floriculture and Landscaping
3
3
3
3
3
(d) Weed Science
CRS 702: Advanced Crop Production
CRS 704: Advanced Weed Ecology and Control
CRS 705: Herbicidal Mode of Action & Residues
CRS 707: Analysis of Plant Growth & Yield
CRS 708: Plant Growth substance in Crop Production
3
3
3
3
3
COURSE DESCRIPTION
CRS 700: Seminar 2 Units
A postgraduate student will select two recent topics of interest in Crop Production,
i.e., Crop Physiology and Production, Crop Genetics and Breeding, Horticulture, and
Weed Science and will deliver lecturers on those topics, one in each, during the first
two semesters. In addition, each student will give the third semester, preferable
during the third seminar, on his/her own research work. All the seminars will be
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54
delivered to the academic staff and students of the department of Crop Production.
Evaluation will be made on the basis of review and presentation.
CRS 701: Advanced Crop Physiology 3 Units
Absorption and transport of water and minerals in plants, occurrence and alleviation
of mineral deficiencies in Crop Production, the pathways of carbon in photosynthesis,
translocation of photosynthate in plant parts and their storage, mechanism of the
physiology of flowering, problems of drought and salinity, physiology of drought and
salinity resistance, physiology of disease resistance, physiology of host-parasite
relationships.
CRS 702: Advanced Crop Production 3 Units
Morpho-agronomic traits of tropical and subtropical crops required for the
establishment of crops in the tropics, tolerance of adverse environmental factors
prevailing in the tropics, especially in the drier zone, yield potential and stability of
Crop Production and actual performance under different Agro-climatic conditions,
growth limiting factors of high-yielding varieties (HYV) and ways and means to solve
agronomical problems involved.
CRS 703: Advanced Crop Breeding I 3 Units
Role of evolution and cytogenetics in plant breeding, collection preservation,
maintenance and problems of germplasm resources, genotype-environment
interaction in the inheritance of characters, heritability and methods of estimation,
hydridization, combining ability and diallel crosses, induced mutations and mutation
breeding.
CRS 704: Advanced Weed Ecology and Control 3 Units
Ecology and biology of important weeds, e.g., parasitic weeds, methods, of species
perpetuation, reproduction, vegetative propagation and dispersal, weed-crop
association, effects on growth and yield competition for nutrients, moisture and
light; weed spectrum/community under different ecological zones; effects of
herbicides on ecosystem, evaluation of major ecological factors involved in use of
herbicides, weed control in important crops of Nigeria, aquatic weeds and their
control, obnoxious/problem weeds.
CRS 705: Herbicidal mode of Action & Residues 3 Units
Herbicides, history and development, classification, characteristics, chemistry and
mode of action, basis for selectivity, toxicological effects of herbicide residues, and
their persistence, environmental consequences of herbicidal use, methods of
estimating effects of herbicides on crops and weeds under variable environments.
CRS 707: Analysis of Plant Growth and Yield 3 Units
Principles of Crop yield potential, concepts involved in growth analysis techniques
in growth and yield analysis, plant characters and their roles in growth, development
and yield, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, assimilate partitioning,
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55
quantitative agro-biological principles, maximization of crop yield and its limitations,
the role and importance of yield analysis in crop improvement.
CRS 708: Plant Growth Substances in Crop Production 3 Units
Occurrence of plant growth substance and their chemical nature, physiological
effects of growth substances on dormancy, germination, growth, development,
flowering, fruit set and development ripening; senescence abscission to eradicate
aquatic and field weeds, weeds from nursery beds and from the forest seedling
stand, role of growth substances in agriculture with special emphasis on Crop
Production.
CRS 709: Nitrogen Fixation and Nitrogen Metabolism 3 Units
Nitrogen fixation and special emphasis on biological nitrogen fixation, organisms
and plant involved, role of leguminous and none leguminous plants algalization, and
Azolla culture from crop growth and yield, the recent trends in nitrogen fixation
research, the nature and role of nitrogen-fixing gene (NIF gene) and the future
possibilities of nitrogen fertilizers and their effects, leguminous plants in crops
rotation, foliar absorption of water and minerals, growth regulators herbicides,
fungicides and insecticides, their mode of entry and effect on plant growth and
development and yield.
CRS 710: Advanced Crop Breeding II 3 Units
Genetic basis for evolution of cultivated crops, role of mutation polyploidy, intra-and
inter-specific hybridization in the evolution of crop plants, detailed consideration of
plant breeding methods with emphasis on selected tropical crops, general
consideration of genetic constitution of random mating population and inbreeding in
such populations.
CRS 711: Cytogenetics 3 Units
Linkage and recombination, numerical and structural changes in the chromosomes,
sex-determination application of various chromosomal aberrations in plant breeding;
tissue culture in crop improvement
CRS 712: Population Genetics 3 Units
An overview of population genetics, the Hardy-Weiberg law and genetic equilibrium’
role of mutations in evaluation, natural and directional selection, meiotic division and
genetic drift; migration pressure, speciation and evolution.
CRS 713: Breeding for Stress and Disease Resistance 3 Units
Stress and disease resistance mechanisms, screening techniques of stress and
disease resistance in some important crops (sorghum, millet, maize, wheat, etc.)
maintenance of resistance.
CRS 716: Physiology of Horticultural Crops 3 Units
Phloem transport of reserved food materials; diurnal storage of assimilate in leaf,
storage in stem and root, radial transport and circulation of assimilates, control of
solute loading and unloading source and sink and their relationship in horticultural
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plant; utilization reserves by growth, physiology of fruit set and control of fruit
development, evaluation of the role of growth regulating chemicals including
phytohormones, in controlling the fruit set and development, chemical thinning of
flowers and fruits, prevention of pre-harvest fruit drop, increasing drought resistance
in fruit crops.
CRS 717: Advance Vegetable and Fruit Seed Production 3 Units
Specific methods of seed production in important vegetable crops, different types of
natural and artificial pollination systems and their effect on vegetable and fruit seed
production, isolation, techniques for cross-pollinated vegetables, standardization of
seed production in various groups of vegetables and crops, application of growth
regulating chemicals for seed production; harvesting, processing and storage of
seeds; evaluation and control of seed quality, international cooperation and
regulations on seed testing and movement.
CRS 718: Flower, Fruit and Vegetable Breeding 3 Units
History of flower, fruit and vegetable improvement, centers of origin and distribution
pattern of some important flowers, fruits and vegetables sources of variability and
evaluation of flower, fruit and vegetables in nature, induced techniques, role of
genetic and environmental factors on flower, fruits and vegetable production;
interaction of genetic and environmental factors, breeding procedures for sexually
propagated flowers, fruits and vegetables.
CRS 719: Crop Responses to Environment 2 Units
Different environmental factors affecting crop growth and development, effect of
rainfall, humidity, soil water, temperature radiation and magnetism on crops,
evaporation loss of water from crop canopies; quality, intensity and duration of light
on plant growth; temperature gradients in crop canopies and diurnal variation,
adaptation of crop in different environmental conditions with special emphasis on dry
regions of the world.
CRS 720: Radio-Isotopes in Crop Research 3 Units
General properties of the commonly used radio-isotopes, kinds of radiation,
radiation sources, properties of isotopes, unit of measurement of activity, hazards,
precaution and disposal, use of isotopes in crop research in the past and at present,
effect of ionizing radiation at cellular and sub-cellular level, use of ionizing radiation
for storage of product use of radiation in crop protection, use of radiation in crop
improvement.
CRS 721: Advanced Fruit and Vegetable Production 3 Units
Physiological and ecological factors affecting growth with special reference to the
flowering and fruiting of selected vegetables and fruit crops; critical phases of
growth and the effect of water stress and nutrition on them; recent investigations on
cultural practices and nutritional requirements of vegetables and fruit crops.
Practical: Morphological and biochemical studies on the various stages of flower and
fruit development in a few selected crops; experiment on flower and fruit drop in
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chilies, tomatoes, cucurbits, lemons, pomegranates; nutritional and irrigational
experiments.
CRS 722: Experimental Design and Statistical 3 Units
Statistical methods – frequency distribution, hypothesis, standard deviation, Chisquare, t-test, F-test, ANOVA, correlations, regressions; principles of experimental
designs, layout, analysis of data and interpretation of results, mean separation;
missing plot techniques, merits and demerits of the following designs - completely
randomized, randomized block, latin square, lattice design, factorial experiments and
confounded designs – split-plot, strip-plot, split-split-plot, strip-split-plot; progeny
row trials, site index, analysis of covariance, practical consideration of field
experimentation.
CRS 724: Advance floriculture and Landscaping 3 Units
Applied floral design and management; retail floristry with emphasis on commercial
floral design, operation and management, planting designs, art and science of use of
plant materials in landscape design, landscape graphics, landscape contrasting and
construction execution of landscape construction contracts. Practical identification of
different landscape designs, formulation presentation and drawing of landscape
design; field trips
CRS 799: Master Degree Dissertation Research 10 Units
Research proposal, literature review and seminar; data collection and analyses,
dissertation write up and oral examination.
Ph.D. Crop Production Crop (Physiology & Production, Crop Genetics &
Breeding, Weed Science and Horticulture)
i. Compulsory Courses for the Four Areas of Specialization
ii. CRS 800: Seminar
2 units
CRS 801: Research Methodology
3
CRS 805: Advanced Cropping Systems
3
CRS 899: Thesis
40
Total=
48
ii. Optional Courses for the Four Areas of Specialization students opting for any one
of the following specialization groups shall have to offer at least 12 units from
among the courses listed under each specialization group
(a)
CRS
CRS
CRS
CRS
CRS
CRS
CRS
Crop Physiology & Production
802: Advances in Crop Production
803: Analysis of Crop Growth and Yield
804: Advances in Field Crop Fertilization
805: Advanced Cropping Systems
833: Advances in Weed Science
812: Seed Biology
814: Post harvest Physiology
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3 units
3
3
3
3
3
3
58
(b) Horticulture
CRS 803: Analysis of Crop Growth and Yield
CRS 805: Advanced Cropping Systems
CRS 811: Horticultural Methods
CRS 812: Seed Biology
CRS 813: Seed Technology
CRS 814: Post harvest Physiology
CRS 815: Advanced Growth Analysis
(c) Crop Genetics & Breeding
CRS 803: Analysis of Crop Growth and Yield
CRS 805: Advanced Cropping Systems
CRS 821: Advanced in Plant Breeding
CRS: 822 Cytogenetics in Plant Breeding
CRS: 823 Population Structure
CRS: 824 Advances in Breeding for Stress and Diseases Registance
CRS 825: Biomtrical Genetics
CRS 826: Biometrical Methods
(d) Weed Science
CRS 802: Advances in Crop Production
CRS 803: Analysis of Crop Growth and Yield
CRS 805: Advanced Cropping Systems
CRS 815: Advanced Growth Analysis
CRS 831: Herbicidal Action and Residues
CRS 832: Weed Ecology and Control
CRS 833: Advances in Weed Science
3 units
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 units
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 units
3
3
3
3
3
3
COURSE DESCRIPTION
i) Compulsory Courses
CRS 801: Research Methodology 3 Units
Critical study of methodology adapted in various laboratory techniques involving the
use of microtom techniques, use of camera lucida, various histo-chemical
procedures, chromatography, bioassay techniques and soil and plant analysis,
research methods in relation to field techniques in conducting experiments in areas
of mixed cropping, weed control, fertilizer use, crop physiology, irrigation and trials
on perennial crops.
CRS 805: Advanced Cropping Systems 3 Units
Methods of studying indigenous mixed cropping systems; impact of improved
practices such as fertilizer use, weed control, crop protection, crop varieties from
output from mixed cropping systems; yield/density relationships in crop mixtures;
climatic requirements, cultivation systems, varieties and soil fertility in relation to
rainfed and irrigated multiple cropping and mixed-multiple cropping systems; water
management and methods of studying intensive irrigate multiple cropping rotations;
case studies for the above cropping systems.
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CRS 899: Research 40 Units
Research proposal, literature review and seminar; data collection and analyses,
dissertation write up and oral examination.
ii. Optional Courses
(A) Crop Physiology & Production
CRS 802: Advances in Crop Production 3 Units
System analysis of natural resources in relation to Crop Production, factors
maximizing crop yields, manipulation cultural, environmental and germplasm
factors for maximum yield, light interception and gas exchange in crop stands,
response to nitrogen in relation to crop morphology and stand density.
CRS 803: Analysis of Crop Growth and Yield 3 Units
Crop growth and development, growth measurement indices and forms of growth
analysis in field crops, concepts of NAR, LAI and RGR, distribution and
accumulation of dry matter, photosynthate partitioning and continuation of
various plant parts to economic yield, use of growth analysis techniques to study
variations in crops yield due to planting pattern, plant density and other
agronomic practices, physiological aspect of crop yield and source-sink
relationship.
CRS 804: Advanced in Field Crop Fertilization 3 Units
Maintenance of soil organic matter and its utilization in Crop Production. Advance
of fertilizer use for maximization of crop yield. Losses of fertilizer elements in field
and recovery by field crops. Fertilizer and efficient use of water. Adaptation of
crops to mineral stress, AL and MN toxicities in acid soils and Fe and B toxicities in
saline soils.
(B) Horticulture
CRS 811: Horticultural Methods 3 units
The state of the horticultural industry in Nigeria; technical and practical aspects of
vegetable gardening; orchard development, management and improvement in the
tropics; propagation, tree training and pruning; fruit thinning, grafting and
harvesting; growth regulators and their application to horticulture; review of
recent methodologies in fruit research; yield component analysis.
CRS 812: Seed Biology 3 Units
Morphology and development of reproductive organs; seed and fruit
development; physiology of reproduction and seed maturation; seed reserves,
storage, and viability; ecology and agronomy of seed production in different
crops; seed classification.
CRS 813: Seed Technology 3 Units
Seed improvement organizations; components of seed quality; principles and
practice of seed drying, storage, cleaning and packaging; principles of seed
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certification, testing and legislation; seed marketing; biology and control of seedborne pathogens and pests; micro-organisms and pests of stored seeds; seed
treatment and seed dressing.
CRS 814: Postharvest Physiology 3 Units
The structure of fruits and vegetables; harvest indices; the concept of ripening;
physiological basis of storage technology; changes during maturation, ripening
and senescence; pre-and post-harvest factors affecting crop quality; regulation of
ripening and senescence; storage, physiological disorders and their control;
principles of post-harvest handling, distribution and utilization.
CRS 815: Advance Growth Analysis 3 Units
Kinetics of growth rate, theories and models, components of growth rate,
determination of primary values, data analysis and transformation, use and abuse
of growth analysis, allometry, environmental regulation of the components of
yield.
(C)Crop Genetics and Breeding
CRS 821: Advances in plant Breeding 3 Units
Gene action, heritability, in breeding and heterosis, development and evaluation
of parental materials, population improvement, genotype x environment
interactions, genetic homeostasis, back-crossing and multi-line development,
cultivar development, comprehensive breeding schemes, plant introduction and
original of cultivated crops, conservation of genetic resources.
CRS 822: Cytogenetics in Plant Breeding 3 Units
Application of cytogenetics in plant breeding including the use of aneuploids,
chromosome manipulation, inter-specific and inter-genetic hybridization, induced
poly-ploidy, induced mutation, sterility mechanism, pollen and embryo culture.
CRS 823: Population Structure 3 Units
Selection, drift and mutation of large and small populations; inbreeding,
assortative and dissassortative mating, population structure in random mating,
self-pollinating and mixed mating systems.
CRS 824: Advances in breeding for Stress and Disease Resistance 3
Units
Recent trends in breeding for stress and disease resistance in crops; recent
advances in breeding techniques; economic value of stress and disease
resistance.
CRS 825: Biometrical Genetics 3 Units
Statistical concepts in quantitative genetics, application of statistical models to
the design, analysis and interpretation of quantitative breeding and genetic
experiments, genetics and statistical implications of selection procedures.
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CRS 826: Biometrical Methods 3 Units
Matrices. Least square estimate, expected mean square, mating designs, diallele
and partial diallele programmes in analyzing breeding experiments.
(D) Weed Science
CRS 831: Herbicide Action and Residues 3 Units
Chemistry and mode of action of herbicides; basis for herbicidal selectivity;
Toxicological effects of herbicides; factors affecting rate of herbicides; herbicide
residues and their persistence; environmental consequences of herbicide uses;
methods of estimating effects of herbicides on crops and weeds under variable
environments.
CRS 832: Weed Ecology and control 3 Units
Ecology and biology of important weeds; methods of species perpetuation,
reproduction, vegetative propagation and dispersal; weed-crop association; effects
of weeds on growth and yield; competition for nutrients, moisture, and light; weed
spectrum/community under different ecological zones; effects of herbicides on
ecosystem; evaluation of major ecological factors involved in the use of herbicides;
weed control in important crops in Nigeria; aquatic weeds and their control;
abnoxious weeds ( Striga, mistletoes, Imperata cylindrica, nutsedges, etc.).
CRS 833: Advances in Weed Science 3 Units
Physiology, biochemistry and degradation of herbicides; development of herbicidal
selectivity; herbicidal formulations; application techniques and equipments; recent
trends in weed science; present and future weed control strategies for developing
nations.
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DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE
INTRODUCTION
The Department of Soil Science is offering M. Sc. and Ph.D. Programmes in the
following areas of specialization:
 Soil Chemistry
 Soil Fertility and Plant nutrition
 Soil Physics
 Soil and Water Management
 Pedology
 Soil Conservation.
M. Sc. PRGRAMME.
The M. Sc. programme in Soil Science consists of 17 units of compulsory courses, 7
or more units of optional courses, and 10 units of dissertation. In addition, the
student may be required to take and pass with a minimum of “C” grade and a
maximum of 9 units as deficiency courses. Deficiency courses however will not be
counted towards minimum requirements for degree award.
Admission Requirements
A candidate seeking admission to M. Sc. course in the Department of soil Science
should have :
A minimum of second Class Bachelor degree in agriculture with major in the relevant
subject from the University of Maiduguri or
A minimum of second Class Bachelor degree in the relevant subject from other
universities in Nigeria or in other countries of the world, or
Any other qualification from institution recognized by and acceptable to the Board of
postgraduate studies and the Senate of this University.
b
Duration of the programme
The Duration of the M. Sc. programme shall not ordinarily exceed two years for
fulltime candidates and three years for part time candidates, unless permitted
otherwise.
List of courses.
Compulsory courses
COURSE CODE
TITLE
UNITS
FIRST SEMESTER
SOS 701
Soil Genesis and Classification
3
SOS 703
Soil Physics
3
SOS 704
Chemistry of Irrigated Soils
3
SOS 700
Non Thesis Seminar
1
SECOND SEMESTER
SOS 705
Soil Fertility in relation to Secondary and 3
Micronutrients
SOS 709
Soil - Plant –Water relations
3
SOS 700
Non Thesis Seminar
1
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SOS 799
SOS 702
SOS 708
SOS 712
SOS 713
SOS
SOS
SOS
SOS
SOS
SOS
706
707
710
711
714
715
Dissertation
OPTIONAL COURSES
FIRST SEMESTER
Soil Mineralogy
Soil Microbiology
Biochemical Behaviour of Agrochemicals in
Soils
Soil and Water Management under Dry land
conditions
SECOND SEMESTER
Fertilizer Technology and Use
Techniques in Soil and Plant Analysis
Soil Erosion and Control
Agricultural Climatology
Soil Survey and Land Evaluation
Quantitative methods in Soil Physics
10
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
(d) COURSE DESCRIPTION
SOS 701: Soil Genesis and classification
(3 Units)
Pedogenic evolution of soil; profile development as assessed by mineralogical and
chemical analyses; factors determining stability of minerals, weathering sequence of
minerals and reaction of weathering products distribution, genesis and
characteristics of major soil groups in Nigeria; soil classification systems and their
relevance to west African soils.
Practical: field trips and profile studies, analysis of soil samples for properties
pertinent to genesis and classification.
SOS 702: Soil Mineralogy
(3 Units)
Minerals in soils and their influence on soil properties and nutrient availability;
fundamentals of crystallography; atomic models of mineral crystals; genesis of clay
minerals under different environmental conditions; structure, composition and
properties of various silicates and silicate clay minerals, principles of identification of
clay minerals by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, thermal analysis and other
methods; interactions of clay minerals with organic components.
Practical: Basic structural model studies of silicates and clay minerals, identification
and quantitative estimation of clay minerals of typical Nigeria soils.
SOS 703: Soil Physics
(3 Units)
Dynamic properties of soil; surface behaviour of clays; mechanism of aggregate
formation; evaluation of soil structure; tillage and soil physical properties; soil
compaction, implication of bulk densities on root distribution and the uptake of water
and nutrients; state of water in soil; thermodynamic concept of soil water;
movement of water under saturated and unsaturated conditions; hydraulic
conductivity, capillary conductivity, and infiltration, -their measurement and factors
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influencing them; soil aeration-its characterization, importance and measurement;
thermal properties of soils and their significance.
Practical: Aggregate analysis by dry and wet sieving; determination of bulk and
particle densities, hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rates of soils; field
determination of soil moisture and soil air.
SOS 704: Chemistry of Irrigated Soils
(3 Units)
Types and behaviour of soils colloidal particles, their effects on physico-chemical
properties of soils; ion exchange phenomenon and nutrient availability in irrigated
soils; redox potential; soil solution; origin, transport, accumulation and leaching of
soluble salts in irrigated soils; physico-chemical properties and profile characteristics
of saline and sodic soils, change in soil properties associated with quality of irrigation
water.
Practical: Studies of the changes in physico-chemical characteristics of soils and
nutrient availability associated with quality of irrigation water.
SOS 705: Soil fertility
(3 Units).
A review of macro plant nutrients fertility problems; Essential secondary and
micronutrients-deficiency symptoms and functions in plant growth; chemistry, forms
distribution and factors affecting the transformation, availability of secondary and
micronutrients in soil with special reference to irrigated and rainfed. Interactions of
nutrients in soil and plant systems; Chelation and micronutrient availability;
Maintenance of secondary and micronutrient fertility in soils with special emphasis
on arid/semi arid soils.
Practical: Assessment of secondary and micronutrients in soils and plants;
interpretation of results and recommendation.
SOS 706: Fertilizer Technology and Use
(3 Units)
Fertilizer industry in Nigeria and other African countries. Occurrence and chemical
composition of fertilizer raw materials in Nigeria and in other parts of the world;
manufacturing processes for important fertilizers particularly urea, calcium
ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, single and triple super phosphates and
nitrate of potash; manufacture of granular mixed fertilizers, minor and secondary
elements mixed fertilizers; liquid and slow release fertilizer; chemical and physical
properties of fertilizers; fertilizer reactions in soils, equivalent acidity and basicity of
fertilizers; storage and use of fertilizers.
Practical: Analysis of fertilizer materials; preparation of different fertilizer mixtures
and their analysis, visit to fertilizer factories.
SOS 707: Techniques in Soil and Plant analyses
(3 Units)
Sample collection and preparation, principles and techniques of chemical analysis of
soil and plant with special reference to colorimetry, flame photometry and atomic
absorption spectrophotometry; psychrometric infrared thermometryl and pressure
bomb techniques for determining the energy relations of moisture in soils and
plants; Application of nuclear techniques in soil and plant research.
Practical: Analysis of soil and plant samples using various techniques mentioned
above; interpretation of data and their practical implications.
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SOS 708: Soil Microbiology
(3 Units)
Microbial ecology and physiology in soil; influence of edaphic and other
environmental factors; organic matter decomposition; Microbiology of cellulose,
hemicellulose and pesticides; microbial transformation of N, P, S and micro-nutrients
in soil and their importance in soil fertility; microbe-root associations; microbiology
and biochemistry of nitrogen fixation; environmental influence specially of tropical
ecosystems on nitrogen fixation, screening of adaptable inoculum strains with special
reference to Rhizobium.
Practical: Isolation of different soil micro-organisms; microbial transformation of
plant nutrients; inoculants, preparation and inoculation practices. Identification and
exploitation of N fixing plant species.
SOS 709: Soil-Plant-Water Relations
(3 Units)
Terminology; The free energy concept of soil and plant water, components of
water potentials, soil, root and leaf water status studies with special reference to
psychrometric, infrared thermometry, pressure bomb and B-guage techniques;
availability of soil water to plants, recent concepts of water availability with special
reference to arid and semi-arid conditions; crop physiology under water stress,
water movement to plant roots and location and magnitude or hydraulic resistances
in the pathway; significance of plant and soil resistances under different soil
moisture conditions; the soil-root interface in relation to water and nutrients supply;
plant growth under soil moisture stress.
Practicals: Measurement of water potentials in soil, root and leaves; measurement
of root length and surface area, leaf and root RWC; root porosity and shrinkage
studies; field and laboratory studies on water relations between soil and plant.
SOS 710: Soil Erosion and Control
(3 Units)
Soil erosion problems in west Africa with special reference to Nigeria; farming
systems and erosion hazards; soils erosion by water, mechanics of water erosion
rain drop energy run-off energy, factors affecting water erosion, computation of
precipitation intensity, run-off and soils losses- soil loss equations; water erosion
control measures; mechanics of wind erosion, factors affecting wind erosion
equations, control measures, stabilization of sand dunes.
Practical: Field trips to erosion prone areas; collection of run-off samples and
determination of soil, water and nutrient losses; measurement of incidence of wind
erosion and accompanying nutrient losses.
SOS 711: Agricultural Climatology
(3 Units)
Agro-climatology and its components in relation to soil and crop environments;
rainfall and soils water balance equations for crop production evapotranspiration loss
of water from soil surface and crop canopies -its significance with respect to actual
and potential rates, influence of atmospheric humidity on evapotranspiration and
other aspects of crop production, extraterrestrial solar radiation, balance of global
radiation at soil surface, utilization of net radiation and its dependence on thermal
properties of soils; variation in atmospheric and soil temperature and their effect on
crops; day length and light intensity implications on plants; wind profile, effect of
wind and wind velocity in water balance, soil temperature and soil aeration;
isolation and its significance. Practical: Interpretation for climatological data;
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studies on the effect of components of agro-climatology on plants grown in growth
chambers and in climatologically wind tunnel.
SOS 712: Biochemical Behaviour of Agrochemicals in soil
(3 units)
Agro-chemicals in soil environment; metabolism and biodegradability of herbicides;
pesticides, fungicides and detergents in soils, rate of decomposition, pathways of
conversion and transport cycles in soils; movement of agro-chemicals in soils as
affected by soil type, moisture content, soil temperature, compaction, time and
depth of irrigation, physical and chemical aspects of soil in relation to the action of
agro-chemicals; residue aspects of agrochemicals and their effects on soil physciochemical properties.
SOS 713: Soil-Water – Management under dry Land Condition
(3 Units)
Definition of dry faming; history and scope of dry farming on global and national
perspectives, climatic and edaphic conditions in dry farming areas; soil-Water –
Management in dry farming areas-Water harvesting and conservation; improvement
of soil moisture storage; crops and cropping systems; and water use efficiency.
Practical: field trips to dry-farming areas; Evaluation of existing cultural and
management practices.
SOS 714: Soil Survey And Land Evaluation
(3 Units)
Types of soil surveys, their applications and limitations; planning, preparation and
execution, remote sensing scale, accuracy and mapping units; land systems
approach to soil surveys; Definitions, types, purposes and principles of land
evaluation; Land capability classification; land suitability evaluation; planning and
execution of land evaluation; land evaluation in an arid and semi arid environments
;economics of soil surveys and land evaluation an arid and semi arid environments;
preparation of reports.
Practical: Large and small scaled soil surveys remote sensing techniques,
preparation of mapping legends and maps.
SOS 715 Quantitative Method in soil Physics
(3 Units)
Darcy’s equations; solution of simple boundary value problems for steady-state flow
conditions; laplace’s equation; equation of continuity for transient state flow
problems; method of separation of variables; solution of differential equations for
transient state flow of solutes gases and heat in soils; density distribution of field
measured soil properties application of time series and theory of regionalized
variables to spatial and temporal variability of soil physical properties.
SOS 700: Seminar
SOS 799: Dissertation
II.
(2 Units)
(10 units)
Ph.D. PROGRAMME
The Department of Soil Science is offering Ph.D. Programme by course work and by
research in the following areas of specialization.
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i Soil Chemistry
ii Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition
iii Soil physics
iv Soil and Water Management
v Pedology
vi Soil Conservation
Admission Requirements
i Candidate seeking admission in to Ph.D. programme in Soil Science should have
one of the following qualifications:
M. Sc. Soil Science with at least ‘B’ average from the University of Maiduguri
or
ii
An equivalent degree in Soil Science from other Universities in Nigeria or
in other countries of the world, provided that the candidate fulfils the general
requirements of the University of Maiduguri governing postgraduate studies.
iii
Any other qualification, which together with relevant experience is
deemed by the Board of postgraduate studies of the faculty and the University and
also by the senate to be acceptable. Besides, a candidate who has successfully
completed the course work for M. Sc. in Soil Science may under special
circumstances be recommended to advance to the Ph.D. degree programme if the
Department is satisfied with the exceptional performance of the candidate and the
relevant authority agrees to this.
Duration of the programme.
Ph.D. programme shall ordinarily be of two years minimum duration for full-time and
four years for part-time candidates. The duration shall not exceed five years for fulltime and six years for part time candidates, unless permitted otherwise
Categories
(I) Ph.D. by Course work,
This category of Ph.D. programme shall comprise of a minimum of 30 units of course
work (atleast 15 units of the course work shall come from the Department of Soil
Science) including 2 units of Seminar, and 30 units of research work to be
submitted in the form of thesis. There will be an oral examination on the research
work. The programme of each candidate shall have the approval of candidate’s
advisory committee at other relevant university authorities. The candidates may be
required to take and pass one or more deficiency courses from or outside the
Department if deemed necessary .
(i) List of Courses.
COURSE CODE
SOS 801
SOS 802
SOS 803
SOS 804
SOS 805
TITLE
Micro Morphology
Soil Organic Matter
Physics of Soil Water
Advance Soil Chemistry
Advance Soil Fertility
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UNITS
2
3
3
3
3
68
SOS 806
SOS 807
SOS 808
SOS 809
SOS
SOS
SOS
SOS
ii
810
811
891
899
Nuclear Techniques in Soil and Plant Research
Soil and Water Resources Surveys and Land Use
Planning
Management of Irrigated lands
Advances in the Improvement of Soil physical
conditions
Soil- Root- interactions
Soil Pollution
Seminar
Thesis
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
30
Course Description
SOS 801 Micro morphology
(2 Units)
Soil micro morphology; pedological features; structure and fabric analysis; role of
fabric and mineral analysis in elucidating soils genesis and classification; pedogenic
processes.
SOS 802: Chemistry of Soil Organic Matter
(3Units)
Main stages in the development of soil humus; fractionation of humus; chemistry,
composition and nature of humic substances; interaction of organic substances with
metal cations and clay particles; composition and chemistry of chelates and their
implications in soil; characteristics of humus in major soil groups of the world.
Practical: Fractionation of soil organic matter; determination of optical density,
CEC, functional groups and elemental composition of humic and fulvic acids;
interactions of metal cations with humic and fulvic acids; infra-red spectra of humic
substances.
SOS 803: Physics of Soil Water
(3 Units)
Electrokinetics and mechanical properties of clay suspensions and pastes; surface
tension and energy effects of soil water; potential energy of soil water-its nature,
application and measurement; Darcy’s law, Lapplace’s equation and Boundary value
problems; water flow into and through water saturated soil bedding-influence of soil
stratification; water movement through unsaturated conditions, validity of Darcy,s
law for unsaturated water flow, development
of differential equations of
unsaturated flow, mathematical concepts applicable to diffusion equations; theory of
infiltration; electrical analogs for solving water flow problems in soil and soil-root
systems;vapour gaps around roots and water movement in gaseous phase;
simultaneous movement of water and solute in soils; water properties of sandy soils
and their improvement measures.
SOS 804: Advanced soil Chemistry
(3 Units)
Properties of ions at soi interfaces; diffuse double layer structure and properties;
adsorption/ desorption isotherms; thermodynamic and diffuse double layer theories
for cation exchange equilibria in soils; ion exchange equations; cation exchange
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chromatography in soils; common solubility equalibra in soils; electrochemical
properties of clay; recent advances on kinetics of nutrient release in soils; chemistry
of submerged soils.
SOS 805: Advanced Soil Fertility
(3 Units)
Nutrient availability concepts; nutrient potentials and capacity intensity relationships;
soils test-crop response correlation studies; responses curves; nutrient interactions;
changes in nutrient availability under different agro-climatic conditions, prediction of
fertilizer responses under field conditions and fertilizer recommendations, recent
advances in assessing nutrient availability in soils.
SOS 806: Nuclear Techniques in soil and Plant Research
(3 Units)
Radioactivity and radioisotopes, radioactive decay, properties of radiation and its
detection; isotopic dilution techniques and their use in analysis; use of nuclear
techniques in studies of movement and transformation of nutrients, absorption of
nutrients, rooting pattern, moisture conditions in soil and plant, soil compaction,
erosion and other physical processes.
SOS 807: Soil and water Resource surveys and Land Use Planning
(2
Units)
Soil and water resource inventories derived from soil survey, information in respect
of topography, geology, climate, soils, hydrology, irrigation, drainage, water
supplies, agricultural water use and requirements of the project area; concept of
land-use planning, general agricultural planning and management planning and
management of rainfed, agriculture, forestry and irrigation development, preparation
of soil and water resources inventories and land use planning.
SOS 808: Management of Irrigated Lands
(3 Units)
Suitability of land for irrigation; selection of irrigation systems; criteria for irrigation
water quality; drainage facilities, characteristics and recycling of drainage water;
important soil physical parameters related to irrigation and their management;
implications of improper irrigation and drainage practices; irrigation and drainage
management in relation to soil salinity and sodicity; reclamation and management of
salt-affected soils, development of irrigation practices in Nigeria and management of
its irrigated lands, fields trips to irrigation projects.
SOS 809: Advances in the Improvement of Soil Physical Conditions (3
Units)
Soil physical environment problems associated with crop production; soil tillage and
cultivation, soil crusting, mechanisms, causes and evaluation of crust strength, crust
strength and cracking, influence of
soil crust on heat and water storage;
management of crusting soils-some practical possibilities, modification of soil crust
for seedling emergence and plant growth; physics of water and fertilizer use under
irrigated and rainfed farming; management of excessively permeable soils, bulk
density manipulations in deep sandy soils; improvement of slowly permeable soils;
soil temperature management under arid and semi-arid conditions.
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SOS 810: Soil Root Interactions
(3 Units)
The root zone, root responses to soil conditions; the soil; root interface ,definition of
the interface and its nature, physics and chemistry of the interfacial region; transfer
of water and nutrients across the soil; root system; attenuation of soil; root interface
in relation to environmental stress and its implications on water and nutrient uptake
by plants; biological activities at the soil: root interface; studies on soil –root
interaction with the help of rhizotrons.
Practical: Study of the distribution and physiological functions of roots in soil;
measurement of water complexions at the soils; root interface.
SOS 811: Soil Pollution
(2 Units)
Soil pollution by city and industrial wastes; composition of industrial wastes and
other pollutants; accumulation of toxic gases in soil, depletion of 0 2 from soils;
accumulation of micro-nutrients and other elements at toxic levels; soil pollution by
radioactive materials and its hazards; use of pesticides, herbicides, insecticides and
various other agrochemicals-ther biochemical decomposition and effect on soil
micro-organisms; accumulation of harmful elements in ground water and its effect
on plant, man and animal; role of soil in combating pollution.
SOS 891(a, b, & c): Seminar –
SOS 899: Thesis
1 Unit Each.
(30 Units)
2. Ph. D by Research
The areas of specialization are the same with the Ph. D by Course Work.
i
Duration of the programme
The proposed Ph. D (Soil Science) by Research will be offered as full-time or parttime programmes, whose duration shall be as follows:
Full-time programme shall be for a minimum of six(6) academic semesters and a
maximum of Ten(10) academic semesters.
Part-time programme shall be for a minimum of Eight (8) semesters and a maximum
of Twelve (12) academic semesters.
Ii
Programme Structure.
According to the School of Postgraduate Studies, the PhD by research shall consist
of sixty(60) credit units to be earned as follows:
(a)Course work which will focus on design and analysis of experiments and
computer application in soil science to be taken in the first year of registration
totaling 6 credit units.
(b)Two (2) non-thesis seminars of 3 units each to be given within the first semester
following the registration of the candidate.
©Two (2) thesis based seminars of 3 units each to focus on the candidates research
proposal and a related area of the candidate,s field of specialization. These will be
given within the second semester following registration of the candidate.
(d)A Ph.D thesis and oral Examination (42 Units) based on research approved by the
University and certified by External Examiner.
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Course Description
SOS 812: Design and Analysis of Experiments
(3 Units)
Types of experiments: Principles of experimentation; field and laboratory
experiments; survey methods- Informal and formal surveys; experimental designs;
randomized complete block designs, Incompletes block designs, completely
randomized block designs and splits-plot designs. Sampling strategies and
techniques- probability and non probability sampling; data analysis, unpaired T-test,
paired T-test, analysis of two-way contingency table, test of the equality of two
variances, regression and correlation, spatial and temporal auto –correlation, oneway analysis of variance and two-way analysis of variance; report writing.
SOS 813: computer application in soil Science
(3 Units).
Advances in the application of computers; devices and applications, internet
connectivity and virtual library; data based management, data input structure, data
output format; application of statistical softwares- statistical Minitab, genstat, excel
and SPSS. Modeling concept and softwares.
SOS 892: Non-thesis Seminar
(6 Units)
SOS 893: Thesis based Seminar
(6 Units)
SOS 899: Thesis
(42 Units)
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