Download LANDS OF THE

LANDS OF THE
LAL LAL CATCHMENT
1977
By
P J Jeffery
Land System No. 1
Area 85.8 km2
COMPONENT
Proportion %
CLIMATE (Average)
Precipitation
Temperature
Seasonal growth factors
GEOLOGY
Age, rock
TOPOGRAPHY
Landscape
Local relief, elevation m
Drainage pattern, density km/m-2
Land form
Position on land form
Slope, Slope shape
SOIL
Parent material from
Group
Surface texture
Depth (average)
PRESENT LAND USE
SOIL DETERIORATION
Critical land features
Processes
Form
1
50
2
24
Represents 36.7%
3
15
4
6
5
2
6
3
Scarp
10; Convex
Stony rise
2; Straight
Red shallow gradational
soil
Red shallow stony
gradational soil
Clay loam
>1
Cropping (potatoes)
Clay loam
0.8
Annual mm 851
Annual oC 11.8
Temperature less than 10oC – March to September
Pleistocene basalt
Upper slope
2; Convex
Middle slope
3; Straight
Red gradational soil,
fine structure
Dark red gradational soil,
fine structure
Clay loam
>1
Cropping,
Grazing (potatoes)
Loam
>1
Cropping (cereal)
Cropping (potatoes)
Slope, exposure
Slope, hard setting
surfaces
Overland flow
Compaction, wind and
sheet erosion
Gently undulating plains in north of catchment area
3; 560
Dendritic; 2
Plain
Lower slope
Low lying areas
1; Concave
2; Straight
Basalt
Overland flow
Sheet and wind erosion
Mottled, yellow sodic
duplex soil, coarse
structure
Clay loam
>1
Grazing
Cropping
Mottled yellow, sodic
duplex soil, coarse
structure
Clay loam
>1
Grazing
Cropping (potatoes)
Low permeability, hard setting surfaces
Steep slopes
Waterlogging
Compaction
Overland flow
Rill and sheet erosion
Land System No. 2
Area 55 km2
COMPONENT
Proportion %
CLIMATE (Average)
Precipitation
Temperature
Seasonal growth factors
GEOLOGY
Age, rock
TOPOGRAPHY
Landscape
Local relief, elevation m
Drainage pattern, density km/m-2
Land form
Position on land form
Slope, Slope shape
NATIVE VEGETATION
Structure
Dominant species
SOIL
Parent material from
Group
Surface texture
Depth (average)
PRESENT LAND USE
SOIL DETERIORATION
Critical land features
Processes
Form
1
88
Represents 23.5%
2
5
3
5
4
2
Annual mm 775
Annual oC 118
Temperature less than 10oC – March to September
Pleistocene, basalt
Crest and slope
3; Straight
Scarp
15; Concave
Gently undulating plains, centre and southern part of catchment
25; 520
Dendritic; 1.8
Plain
Depression and swale
Stony rise
2; Straight
2; Straight
Open forest
E. ovata, E. viminalis, E. rubida, E. obliqua
Basalt
Black clay soil, uniform
Red shallow stony
texture, coarse structure
gradational soil
Mottled yellow, grey
sodic duplex soil; coarse
structure
Clay loam
>1
Red shallow gradational
soil
Clay loam
0.5
Clay
>1
Clay loam
0.8
Hard setting surfaces,
slowly permeable
subsoil
Overland flow, periodic
waterlogging
Compaction of surfaces,
sheet erosion
Slope, hardsetting
surfaces
Clay soils beside creeks
Slope
Overland flow
Waterlogging,
streambank undercutting
Streambank erosion
Overland flow
Rill and sheet erosion,
land slip
Sheet erosion
Land System No. 3
Area 25.1 km2
COMPONENT
Proportion %
CLIMATE (Average)
Precipitation
Temperature
Seasonal growth factors
GEOLOGY
Age, rock
TOPOGRAPHY
Landscape
Local relief, elevation m
Drainage pattern, density
km/m-2
Land form
Position on land form
Slope, Slope shape
NATIVE VEGETATION
Structure
Dominant species
SOIL
Parent material from
Group
Surface texture
Depth (average)
PRESENT LAND USE
SOIL DETERIORATION
Critical land features
Processes
Form
1
4
2
10
Represents 10.7%
3
4
4
12
5
10
6
40
7
20
Lower crest
2; Convex
Lower slope
7; Straight
Lower swale
2; Concave
E. obliqua
E. radiata
E. viminalis
E. radiata
E. obliqua
Annual mm 760
Annual oC 11.8
Temperature less than 10oC – March to September
Ordovician, slates and sandstones
Hills and rolling plains at southern, eastern and western end of catchment
50; 1150
Dendritic; 4
Southern slope
15; Straight
Northern slope
15; Straight
Upper swale
3; Concave
Tall open forest
E. obliqua
E. ovata
E. radiata
E. viminalis
E. obliqua
E. dives
E. viminalis
E. radiata
E. radiata
E. viminalis
E. obliqua
In-situ weathered rock
Mottled yellow, red duplex soil, fine
structure
Fine sandy loam
1
1
Steep slopes, hardsetting surfaces
Overland flow
Sheet and rill erosion, compaction
Alluvium clay, silt,
sand and gravel
Black gradational soil
(variable)
Clay loam
>1
Moderate
permeability,
hardsetting surfaces,
dispersibility
Overland flow,
subsurface
waterlogging
Gully erosion,
compaction
Hill and rolling plain
Crest
3; Convex
Woodland
E. obliqua
E. dives
E. viminalis
E. radiata
In-situ weathered rock
Red shallow stony red gradational soil
Gravelly loam
0.5
Forestry and grazing
0.6
Open forest
E. ovata
E. obliqua
Alluvium clay, silt,
sand and gravel
Mottled yellow, red
Mottled yellow, red
duplex soil
gradational soil
Clay loam
1
>1
Moderate slopes,
hardsetting surfaces
Hardsetting surfaces,
dispersibility
Hardsetting surfaces
Overland flow
Overland flow,
leaching of salts
Overland flow,
leaching of salts
Sheet and rill erosion,
compaction
Sheet and rill erosion,
compaction
Sheet and rill erosion,
gully erosion,
compaction
Moderate
dispersibility, poorly
drained site,
hardsetting surfaces
Overland flow,
accumulation of salts
Salting, gully erosion
Land System 4
Area 32.1 km2
COMPONENT
Proportion %
CLIMATE (Average)
Precipitation
Temperature
Seasonal growth factors
GEOLOGY
Age, rock
TOPOGRAPHY
Landscape
Local relief, elevation m
Drainage pattern, density km/m-2
Land form
Position on land form
Slope, Slope shape
NATIVE VEGETATION
Structure
Dominant species
SOIL
Parent material from
Group
Surface texture
Depth (average)
PRESENT LAND USE
Represents 13.7%
1
30
2
70
Annual mm 771
Annual oC 11.8
Temperature less than 10oC – March to September
Devonian; granite, granodiorite
Quaternary; wash, gravels, sands and clays
Hilly and rolling country in the centre south of catchment area
30
520
Dendritic; 4.8
Hill
Crest and slope
7; Convex
Fan and swale
Swale
3; Straight
Open forest
E. radiata; E. viminalis
E. ovata; E. obliqua; E. radiata
In-situ weathered rock
Unconsolidated wash
Mottled yellow, red duplex soil
Sandy loam
1
>1
Grazing
Soil and gravel stripping
SOIL DETERIORATION
Critical land features
Processes
Form
Moderate slope, low permeability, hardsetting surfaces
Overland flow, subsurface flow, deep seepage, leaching of
salts
Rill and gully erosion, sheet erosion
Poorly drained site, low permeability, hardsetting surfaces,
dispersible soils
Accumulation of salts, overland flow, waterlogging, subsurface
flow
Salting, gully erosion, compaction
Land System 5
Area 13 km2
COMPONENT
Proportion %
CLIMATE (Average)
Precipitation
Temperature
Seasonal growth factors
GEOLOGY
Age, rock
TOPOGRAPHY
Landscape
Local relief, elevation m
Drainage pattern, density
km/m-2
Land form
Position on land form
Slope, Slope shape
NATIVE VEGETATION
Structure
Dominant species
SOIL
Parent material from
Group
Surface texture
Depth (average)
PRESENT LAND USE
SOIL DETERIORATION
Critical land features
Processes
Form
1
80
Represents 5.6%
2
5
3
5
4
5
5
5
Terrace 4
2; Straight
Terrace 5
2; Convex
Yellow gravelly duplex soil
Mottled yellow, red duplex soil
Clay loam
>1
Sandy loam
>1
Gravel stripping
Annual mm 800
Annual oC 11.8
Temperature less than 10oC – March to September
Quaternary; river deposits, gravels, sands and clays
Main river terraces in the southern part of the catchment
1-4; 420-550
Dendritic; 2
Terrace 1
1; Straight
Terrace 2
1; Straight
Terrace 3
1; Straight
Woodland
E. viminalis, E. radiata
Dark brown loam soil, uniform
texture (variable)
Fine sandy clay loam
>1
Low lying areas, receiving
drainage
Waterlogging, overland flow
Streambank erosion, gully
erosion
Yellow brown duplex soil
Sandy clay loam
>1
Yellow duplex soil, coarse
structure
Medium sandy clay loam
>1
Grazing
Low permeability, hardsetting surfaces, structure
Overland flow, movement of salts, subsurface flow waterlogging
Streambank erosion, gully erosion, compaction
Slowly permeable subsoils,
hardsetting surfaces, slope
Overland flow
Sheet erosion, compaction
Land System No. 6
Area 11.3 km2
COMPONENT
Proportion %
CLIMATE (Average)
Precipitation
Temperature
Seasonal growth factors
GEOLOGY
Age, rock
TOPOGRAPHY
Landscape
Local relief, elevation m
Drainage pattern, density km/m-2
Land form
Position on land form
Slope, Slope shape
NATIVE VEGETATION
Structure
Dominant species
SOIL
Parent material from
Group
Surface texture
Depth (average)
PRESENT LAND USE
SOIL DETERIORATION
Critical land features
Processes
Form
Represents 4.8%
1
50
2
50
Annual mm 760
Annual oC 11.8
Temperature less than 10oC – March to September
Tertiary; gravels, sands and clays
Quaternary alluvium; Tertiary colluvium derived from
Ordovician rocks
Scattered low hills and low lying plains in the southern part of the catchment
2; 490
Dendritic; 2.2
Low hill
Plain
3; Convex
2; Straight
Woodland
E. viminalis, E. obliqua, E. radiata, E. rubida
E. ovata
Unconsolidated gravel, sand and clay
Mottled yellow, red duplex soil
Sandy loam
1
Grazing
Gravel extraction
Hardsetting surfaces, dispersibility, permeability moderate
Leaching of salts, overland flow
Sheet and rill erosion, gully erosion
Unconsolidated sediment
>1
Hard setting surfaces, low subsoil permeability
Accumulation of salts, waterlogging
Salting, compaction
Land System 7
Area 5.1 km2
COMPONENT
Proportion %
CLIMATE (Average)
Precipitation
Temperature
Seasonal growth factors
GEOLOGY
Age, rock
TOPOGRAPHY
Landscape
Local relief, elevation m
Drainage pattern, density km/m-2
Land form
Position on land form
Slope, Slope shape
NATIVE VEGETATION
Structure
Dominant species
SOIL
Parent material from
Group
Surface texture
Depth (average)
PRESENT LAND USE
SOIL DETERIORATION
Critical land features
Processes
Form
Represents 2.2%
1
90
2
10
Annual mm 749
Annual oC 11.8
Temperature less than 10-oC – March to September
Recent; sands, silts and clays
Swamps with lunettes to the east
<1; 475
Swamp
<1; flat
1 – 2; 477
Lunette
3; Convex
Woodland
E. ovata
Open forest
E. viminalis, E. radiata
Unconsolidated swamp deposit
Mottled dark grey, yellow gradational soil
Light clay
>2
Grazing, occasional cropping (cereal)
Unconsolidated sand
Yellow sand soil, uniform texture
Sand
>2
Urban, soil stripping
Slowly permeable soils
Waterlogging
Compaction
Low water holding capacity, low nutrient holding capacity
Leaching
Fertility decline
Land system 8
Area 3.7 km2
COMPONENT
Proportion %
CLIMATE (Average)
Precipitation
Temperature
Seasonal growth factors
GEOLOGY
Age, rock
TOPOGRAPHY
Landscape
Local relief, elevation m
Drainage pattern, density km/m-2
Land form
Position on land form
Slope, Slope shape
NATIVE VEGETATION
Structure
Dominant species
SOIL
Parent material from
Group
Surface texture
Depth (average)
PRESENT LAND USE
SOIL DETERIORATION
Critical land features
Processes
Form
Represents 1.6%
1
100
Annual mm 813
Annual oC 11.8
Temperature less than 10oC – March to September
Pleistocene basalt, scoria, tuff
Scattered volcanic cones
60; 610
Radial; Volcanic cone
Slope and crest
31; Straight
Open forest
E. viminalis, E. obliqua, E. radiata, E. pauciflora
Basalt, scoria
Stony red gradational soil
Clay loam
1
Grazing, forestry (Mt Warrenheip)
Recreational (Mt Buninyong)
Steep slopes
Overland flow
Rill and sheet erosion