Download Vital Chapter 7 Information

Vital Chapter 7 Information!
Astronomy
Name:
Period:
Read pages 127 – 142 and answer the following questions.
7-2: Atoms
1. The center of an atom is called the ______________ which contains ______________ charged
________________ and _______________ charged _________________ giving the nucleus an overall
___________________ charge.
2. The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of _________________ which have a ______________ charge
and ______________ mass.
3. Describe the visual the book uses for explaining how the atom is mostly empty space.
4. Define isotope:
5. When an atom loses electrons, it is considered an ______________.
6. What is a molecule?
7. Describe both Coulomb force and binding energy and explain how they are related.
7-3: The interaction of light and matter
8. Explain energy levels.
9. If we move an electron from a ______ energy to a ___________ energy level, the atom is an excited
atom because we have ___________ energy in moving its electron. If that electron falls back to the lower
energy level, the energy is ________________.
10. What are the two ways that atoms can become excited?
11. Describe the ground state of an atom.
12. The spectrum of a star is formed as light passes ______________ through __________ near its
surface.
13. What are the 3 different kinds of spectra? Briefly describe them.
7-4: Stellar Spectra
14. We can use the __________________ absorption lines as _______________ to find the temperature
of stars.
15. The strength of the Balmer lines depends on the _____________ of the stars ___________ layers.
16. From stellar spectra, astronomers have found that stars have temperatures in what range?
17. What are the seven spectral classes? Which class is hottest? Coolest?
18. How many spectral subclasses exist and what’s the purpose of subclasses?
19. On page 138, a table summarizes the most abundant elements in the sun. List the top 2 and their
percentages.
20. What is the Doppler effect?
21. If a star is moving toward Earth, the lines in its spectrum will be shifted slightly toward
________________ wavelengths toward the _________ end of the spectrum (called a ___________
shift). If a star is moving away from Earth, the lines are shifted toward the _____________ end of the
spectrum (called a _______ shift).
22. What does the Doppler effect tell us?
23. Does the Doppler effect just work for light? What else, then?
24. Describe HOW the Doppler effect works.