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CHAPTER 9 PATTERNS OF
INHERITANCE
AT A GLANCE
Case Study: Sudden Death on the Court—Marfan Syndrome
9.1
What Is the Physical Basis of Inheritance?
A. Genes Are Segments of DNA at Specific Locations on Chromosomes (Figure 9-1)
1. Mutations are the source of alleles
B. An Organism’s Two Alleles May Be the Same or Different
9.2
How Were the Principles of Inheritance Discovered? (Figure 9-2)
A. Doing It Right: The Secrets of Mendel’s Success (Figure 9-3)
9.3
How Are Single Traits Inherited?
A. The Inheritance of Dominant and Recessive Alleles on Homologous Chromosomes Can Explain
the Results of Mendel’s Crosses (Figure 9-7)
â Web Animation: Crosses Involving Single Traits
â Lecture Activity 9.1: Human Genetic Characteristics
B. Simple “Genetic Bookkeeping” Can Predict Genotypes and Phenotypes of Offspring (Figure 98)
Sudden Death on the Court—Marfan Syndrome Continued
C. Mendel’s Hypothesis Can Predict the Outcome of New Types of Single-Trait Crosses (Figure 99)
9.4
How Are Multiple Traits Inherited? (Figure 9-10)
â Web Animation: Crosses Involving Multiple Traits
A. Mendel Concluded That Multiple Traits Are Inherited Independently (Figure 9-11)
â Lecture Activity 9.2: Multiple Trait Cross Assignment
B. In an Unprepared World, Genius May Go Unrecognized
9.5
How Are Genes Located on the Same Chromosome Inherited?
A. Genes on the Same Chromosome Tend to Be Inherited Together (Figure 9-13)
B. Crossing Over Can Create New Combinations of Linked Alleles
9.6
How Is Sex Determined? (Figure 9-15)
â Lecture Activity 9.3: XY Females: Class Discussion
9.7
How Are Sex-Linked Genes Inherited? (Figure 9-16)
9.8
Do Mendelian Rules of Inheritance Apply to All Traits?
â Lecture Activity 9.4: What If Mendel Chose Different Genes?
A. Incomplete Dominance Produces Intermediate Phenotypes (Figure 9-17)
B. A Single Gene May Have Multiple Alleles (Table 9-1)
C. A Single Trait May Be Influenced by Several Genes (Figure 9-18)
Sudden Death on the Court—Marfan Syndrome Continued
D. The Environment Influences the Expression of Genes (Figure 9-19)
9.9
How Are Human Genetic Disorders Investigated? (Figure 9-20)
9.10
How Are Single-Gene Disorders Inherited?
A. Some Human Genetic Disorders Are Caused by Recessive Alleles
1. A defective allele for hemoglobin synthesis causes sickle-cell anemia (Figure 9-21)
B. Some Human Genetic Disorders Are Caused by Dominant Alleles
â Health Watch: Muscular Dystrophy
9.11
How Do Errors in Chromosome Number Affect Humans?
â Lecture Activity 9.5: Human Genetic Disorders and Genetic Counseling
A. Abnormal Numbers of Sex Chromosomes Cause Some Disorders
1. Turner syndrome (XO)
2. Trisomy X (XXX)
3. Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
4. Jacob syndrome (XYY)
B. Abnormal Numbers of Autosomes Cause Some Disorders
1. Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) (Figure 9-22)