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Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
PANHA CHIET UNIVERSITY
Bachelor Programs
Intercultural Communication in The Global Workplace
Fifth Edition
Iris Varner & Linda Beamer
Chapter 6
Nonverbal Language in
Intercultural Communication
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA
MEd, MBA & PhD Can.
(+855) 17 56 52 87
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
Paralanguage
Paralanguage lies between verbal and non-verbal
communication. It involves sound but not words.
The uhs, ahas, and uhm we use in our conversation
are examples of paralanguage. The researchers
divide paralanguage into three categories:
1- Voice Quality seems to be more of an individual
than a cultural characteristics.
2- Vocal Qualifiers
– The term refer to volume, pitch, and overall
intonation or “melody” of the spoken words.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
3- Vocalization
All cultures use nonword noises such as “ahem,”
“um,” “er” sucking in one’s breath, and clicking
one’s tongue, and these may be used as connectors
between ideas.
Related to the nonword vocalizers are filters. For
example, in English “okay,” “like,” and “you know”
often are used as filters.
Japanese use hai as a filter without meaning.
Germans tend to use “na,” “mamn” and others to
similar effects.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
What is nonverbal communication?
• Body language and posture
• Gestures and touch
• Facial expression and eye contacts
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
Eye contact may have different
meanings in different cultures.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
Some Muslim countries have laws
about not to have eye contact
between opposite genders.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
– Eye contact as a Signal of Honesty
Looking someone without in one’s eye,
Western culture, indicates that the speaker
has something to hide.
In North American and Northern European
cultures, eye contact shows openness,
trustworthiness and integrity, and the
speaker has nothing to hide.
Arab culture, seeing the eyes make more
clearly, more closer, and the feeling is that
there is nothing to lie.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
– Eye Contact as a Signal of Privacy
To look someone in the eye in Japan or China
is to invade that person’s space. It is rude.
During negotiation the Japanese may down
past their counterparts.
Eye contacts are honest in the United State,
Arab, and European cultures, but rude in the
Japanese environment.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
• Facial Expressions
Facial expression have different meanings in
different cultures. A smile can express friendliness
or embarrassment. A frown can be an indication of
anger or doubt.
Read more in the course book, page 224-226
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
Grieving is
interpreted
differently in
different cultures.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
• Gestures
Head movements, arm movements, and posture
communicate a message to the other side.
– Head movement
In most cultures, nodding one’s head is seen as
agreeing. Shaking one’s head is seen as rejecting,
but Bulgarians do the opposite – shaking their heads
when agreeing.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
Hand signals can be
misinterpreted in some parts
of the world.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
In southern Indian , moving one’s head from one
side to another side is not a negation.
A lowered head in Western culture can signify
defeat or uncertainty.
Japanese managers frequently lower their heads
and close their eyes for respect, but Americans see
this as a lack of interest and even disrespect.
– Arm Movements
Arm movements take up space and thus enlarge the
size of the speaker. A speaker who uses big arm
movements can intimidate the listener and appear
more powerful. Men ten to use larger gestures than
the women do in most cultures.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
– Posture
The way we sit, stand and walk sends a nonverbal
communication messages. In Western culture,
standing tall (stand erect with the shoulder back and
the head up) conveys confidence.
In most business situation people sit on the chairs,
and Arab and Japanese (business) cultures people
sit on the floor.
• Timing in spoken Exchanges
Timing behavior reflects the importance of
equality, hierarchy, and gender relationships.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
• Touching
Cultures have different conventions for touching in
social and business situations. Touching typically is
related to status, gender, and seniority.
Country or Region
Type of handshake
United State
Firm handshake
France
Soft handshake
Germany
Firm handshake, for men, traditionally
accompanied by a slight bow
Handshake with arm firmly extended,
accompanied by bow
Handshake and free hand placed on
forearm of other person
Japan
Middle East
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
Japanese bow
Men
Greetings
Of Japanese
and German as
an example
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Women
German bow
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
Obama bowing to Emperor of Japan
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
• The Language of Space
The language of space is powerful. We communicate
through our use of private, office, and public spaces.
– Private Space
Thee size of private space also is influenced by social
status, age, and level of authority.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
– Office Space
Our Attitudes toward private space also are carried over
into our attitudes toward office space. Generally, cultures
that value a big personal space value large and private
office.
Japanese Office Layout
Manager
Manager
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
– Public Space
Behaviors in public spaces are carried over into offices
and business practices. The two go together, but we may
not agree with or like what others do.
- The Germans organize their public space like they
organize their private lives.
- The people from the United State carry their ideas of
individuality over into public spaces.
- In the public spaces, the Japanese do not use cell
phone because that mean forcing oneself on other
people. On the subway, train, people text, but they do
not talk. The Chinese, on the other hand, talk on the
cell phone in public.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
• Appearance
- Dress sends signals relating to respect.
- The way we dress also communicate.
- Business dress for men is universal such as the
suit, the dress shirt, and the tie.
• Silence
- Many people communicate with doing something
verbal, nonverbal or both.
- Silence does not indicate action, yet
communication through silence play an important
role in all culture.
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]
Intercultural Communication
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Language in Intercultural Communication June, 20014
The End
Facilitator: Mr. UON SOKCHEA, MBA, MEd, and PhD Can.
Tel: 070 94 38 39 & 017 56 52 87
Email: [email protected]