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Chapter 12: The Physical Geography of Europe Page ______ Section 1: Landforms and Resources Peninsulas Europe is a peninsula of peninsulas. Because of this, Europe, the next to smallest continent has a longer coastline than that of Africa, the world’s second largest continent. Scandinavian Peninsula. Occupied by the nations of Norway and Sweden, it is bounded by the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea. Jutland Peninsula is directly across the North Sea from Scandinavia. Jutland forms the largest part of Denmark and a small part of Germany. This peninsula is an extension of a broad plain that reaches across northern Europe. Iberian Peninsula is home to Spain and Portugal. The Pyrenees Mountains block off this peninsula from the rest of Europe. Italian Peninsula is home to Italy. It is shaped like a boot, extends into the Mediterranean Sea, and has 4,700 miles of coastline. Balkan Peninsula is bordered by the Adriatic, Mediterranean, and Aegean Seas. It is mountainous, so transportation is difficult. Islands Larger Islands of the North Atlantic: Great Britain, Ireland, Iceland and Greenland Smaller Islands of the Mediterranean: Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and Crete All of Europe’s islands have depended upon trade. Mountains and Uplands The mountains and uplands of Europe may be viewed as walls because they separate groups of people. This separation has isolated the peninsula’s various ethnic groups from each other and contributed to the development of ethnic differences in Europe. Rivers: Europe’s Links Rivers are used to transport goods between coastal harbors and the inland regions, aiding economic growth. Fertile Plains: Europe’s Bounty One of the most fertile agricultural regions of the world is the Northern European Plain Relatively flat, this plain is very desirable agricultural land that has produced vast quantities of food over the centuries has also allowed armies and groups of invaders to use it as an open route into Europe. Resources Shape Europe’s Economy Has abundant supplies of coal and iron needed for an industrialized economy Ruhr Valley in Germany, Alsace-Lorraine region of France, and parts of the United Kingdom Energy Because oil and natural gas in the North Sea the United Kingdom exports oil to other nations Agricultural Land 33% of Europe’s land is suitable for agriculture (world average is 11%) Resources Shape Life Resources in Europe help shape the lives of its people. Resources directly affect the foods people eat, the jobs they hold, the houses in which they live, and even their culture. Italy has few natural resources so it industrialized later than surrounding countries Chapter 12: The Physical Geography of Europe Section 2&3 Page ______ Section 2: Climate and Vegetation Westerly Winds Warm Europe Much of Europe has a marine west coast climate Warm summers and cool winters Adequate rainfall Milder than most regions at such a northern latitude Nearby oceans and the dominant winds create milder climate than expected North Atlantic Drift - a current of warm water from the tropics, flows near Europe’s west coast Harsher Conditions Inland Inland areas have a humid continental climate Cold, snowy winters and either warm or hot summers Adequate rainfall Sunny Mediterranean Mild, Mediterranean climate Hot, dry summers and moderate, wet winters Winds Mistral – a cold dry winds from the north Sirocco – hot steady south wind Land of the Midnight Sun In lands north of the Arctic Circle the sun doesn’t set during the middle of the summer The sun does not rise during the middle of the winter Section 3: Human-Environment Interaction Polders: Land from the Sea Because more land was needed for the growing population of the Netherlands, the Dutch reclaimed land from the sea. Land that is reclaimed by diking and draining is called a polder. Seaworks, structures that are used to control the sea’s destructive impact on human life include dikes (hold back the sea) and terpen (high earthen platforms for safety during floods and high tides Created the Zuider Zee a fresh water lake that was once part of the North Sea (It is now called Ijsselmeer) Waterways for Commerce: Venice’s Canals Venice is made of about 120 islands and part of mainland Italy Use canals for transportation Located at the north end of the Adriatic Sea – a good site for a port Venice’s Problems Today Severe water pollution Erosion Algae A Centuries Old Problem: Deforestation Deforestation is the clearing of forests from an area Forests provided wood to burn for fuel and building material for ships and houses Acid Rain Pollution in the air combine with water vapor to create acid rain or snow Chapter 12: The Physical Geography of Europe Section 1 Page ______ Section 1: Landforms and Resources Peninsulas Europe is a peninsula of peninsulas. Because of this, Europe, the next to smallest continent has a ______________________ than that of Africa, the world’s second largest continent. ______________________ Peninsula. Occupied by the nations of Norway and Sweden, it is bounded by the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea. ___________ Peninsula is directly across the North Sea from Scandinavia. Jutland forms the largest part of Denmark and a small part of Germany. This peninsula is an extension of a broad plain that reaches across northern Europe. ___________ Peninsula is home to Spain and Portugal. The Pyrenees Mountains block off this peninsula from the rest of Europe. ____________ Peninsula is home to Italy. It is shaped like a boot, extends into the Mediterranean Sea, and has 4,700 miles of coastline. ___________ Peninsula is bordered by the Adriatic, Mediterranean, and Aegean Seas. It is mountainous, so transportation is difficult. Islands Larger Islands of the ______________________: Great Britain, Ireland, Iceland and Greenland Smaller Islands of the ____________________: Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and Crete All of Europe’s islands have depended upon _________. Mountains and Uplands The mountains and uplands of Europe may be viewed as walls because they ______________________ ___________________________. This separation has isolated the peninsula’s various ethnic groups from each other and contributed to the development of _______________________ in Europe. Rivers: Europe’s Links ___________ are used to transport goods between coastal harbors and the inland regions, aiding economic growth. Fertile Plains: Europe’s Bounty One of the most fertile agricultural regions of the world is the _________________________________ Relatively flat, this plain is very desirable __________________________________ that has produced vast quantities of food over the centuries has also allowed armies and groups of invaders to use it as _______________________ into Europe. Resources Shape Europe’s Economy Has abundant supplies of ____________________ needed for an industrialized economy Ruhr Valley in Germany, Alsace-Lorraine region of France, and parts of the United Kingdom Energy Because ________________________________ in the North Sea the United Kingdom exports oil to other nations Agricultural Land 33% of Europe’s land is suitable for ______________________ (world average is 11%) Resources Shape Life Resources in Europe help shape the _________________________________. ___________________ directly affect the foods people eat, the jobs they hold, the houses in which they live, and even their _____________. Italy has few natural resources so it ____________________ later than surrounding countries Chapter 12: The Physical Geography of Europe Section 2&3 Page ______ Section 2: Climate and Vegetation Westerly Winds Warm Europe Much of Europe has a ___________________________ climate Warm summers and cool winters Adequate rainfall _______________________________________ at such a northern latitude Nearby ______________ and the dominant _________ create milder climate than expected _______________________________ - a current of warm water from the tropics, flows near Europe’s west coast Harsher Conditions Inland Inland areas have a _________________________________________ Cold, snowy winters and either warm or hot summers ____________________________ Sunny Mediterranean Mild, _____________________________ climate Hot, dry summers and moderate, wet winters Winds ________________ – a cold dry winds from the north ______________ – hot steady south wind Land of the Midnight Sun In lands north of the Arctic Circle the sun ________________ during the middle of the summer The sun ____________________ during the middle of the winter Section 3: Human-Environment Interaction Polders: Land from the Sea Because more land was needed for the _____________________________ of the Netherlands, the Dutch reclaimed land from the sea. Land that is reclaimed by diking and draining is called a ______________. __________________, structures that are used to control the sea’s destructive impact on human life include ___________ (hold back the sea) and ______________ (high earthen platforms for safety during floods and high tides Created the ______________________ a fresh water lake that was once part of the North Sea (It is now called Ijsselmeer) Waterways for Commerce: Venice’s Canals Venice is made of about ______________________ and part of mainland Italy Use canals for __________________________ Located at the north end of the Adriatic Sea – a good site for a ____________ Venice’s Problems Today Severe __________________________ _______________ ____________ A Centuries Old Problem: Deforestation ________________________ is the clearing of forests from an area Forests provided wood to burn for __________ and building material for _____________________ _______________ Acid Rain Pollution in the air combine with water vapor to create ______________________ or ___________
