Download 2.02, 2.03, and 2.05 Notes part 2 SPRING 2012

Day 5 Topic: Zoom in on: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts = Photosynthesis
-
Use ______, water, and ____________ to make ______________ and Oxygen
Done by _________________ (Plants, algae, some bacteria)
= make their own food using the _________.
Happens when there is enough _________________.
EQUATION:
6CO2 + 6_______ + Energy enzymes
C6H12O6 + 6_______
Chloroplasts are ___________ because they contain __________________
 Chlorophyll= pigment that absorbs _______ and _________ light for photosynthesis and reflects
____________ light
Mitochondria = Cellular Respiration
-
Use ______________ and ______________ to make
_________ (energy), Water, and ____________
Done by ___________ organisms (plants, animals, bacteria,
fungi..)! Everything needs _________________!
In the _________________ of eukaryotes; In the
________________ of prokaryotes
Happens ______ hours a day
EQUATION:
___________ + 6O2 enzymes
What is this ATP stuff??
6CO2 + 6H20 + ________
_____ (Adenosine triphosphate): energy in cells
ATP and ADP are ________________________ that are made of 3 parts:
1. A ________________________: adenine
2. A _____________: ribose
3. A ________________ group: TRI (3) OR DIphosphate (2)
 When the bond between the phosphate and the ________ is
____________ energy is _________________.
ADP + P + energy (_____________) → ATP
***_______________ __________________ PROVIDES THE
ENERGY NEEDED TO ADD THE PHOSPHATE.***

When the ______________ between the phosphate and
ATP is ______________ energy is __________________.
ATP → ADP + P + energy (________________)
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Day 6 Topic: Anaerobic Versus Aerobic Respiration
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND
CELLULAR RESPIRATION: A CYCLE!
In the ___________ of:
Plant, Algae, Some
Bacteria
___ + ____
The CARBON CYCLE!
___+ _______
In the ___________ of:
Autotrophs and
Heterotrophs
Aerobic = _______ oxygen
Anaerobic = ___________ oxygen
____ ATP molecules are
produced!
This is the best way to goyou get more bang for
your buck (produces the
most energy)!!
Only ____ ATPs are produced! Because it happens in the
_______________, not the mitochondria!
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Types:
1. In HUMANS:
_________ _______ Fermentation
 Produced in your _________ when the muscles
cannot get enough ____________!
 Build up of lactic acid is responsible for your
painful, burning muscles after hard ___________.
2. In YEAST:
___________ Fermentation: in bacteria and yeast
 Produces ________ and __________
 Responsible for ________ rising and making beer.
Day 6 Activity
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Day 5 Activity:
Compare/Contrast Photosynthesis and Respiration
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Snail/Plant Problem:
Instructions: Draw arrows on the picture showing and labeling the path of oxygen, carbon dioxide, sugar,
and water. Use markers, crayons, and/or colored pencils to enhance your labels.
(For example, the plant produces oxygen and the snail uses oxygen so you will draw a green arrow from the plant to the snail.)
Oxygen (O2) = Green
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) = Yellow
Sugar (C6H12O6) = Red
Water (H2O) = Blue
Complete the following chart based on your notes and the picture of the snail and plant:
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Equation
Reactants
Products
Energy/ATP (does it
use it, make it, etc?)
Organelle (where it
takes place)
Types of Organisms
that perform it
Purpose (what does
it do for the
organism?)
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Analysis Questions (questions 1-5 refer to the snail/plant problem on the previous page):
1. What are the needs of the plant for survival?
2. What are the needs of the snail for survival?
3. In what ways does the snail need the plant for survival?
4. Does the plant need the snail for survival? Why or why not?
5. If you had to choose one as more important (the snail or plant), which would you pick and why?
6. Describe how photosynthesis and respiration work together to provide the needs of all organisms.
7. Give at least TWO REASONS why photosynthesis and respiration are often described as being the
“opposite” of each other.
a.
b.
Day 6 Activity
Bromothymol Blue Demonstration
Background Information: Bromothymol Blue is an indicator. It will turn yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide.
Question: What will happen to the color of the bromothymol blue when a student blows into it? _________________________
Hypothesis: The bromothymol blue will __________ (stay blue or turn yellow) because ______________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________.
(Start color)
(End color)
Discussion:
1. Based on the results, what gas must be a product of cellular respiration? ______________________________________
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION IN GERMINATING AND NON-GERMINATING SEEDS LAB
Analysis/Conclusion Questions:
1. In the space below, sketch the lines/curves observed in the germinating and non-germinating seeds. Be
sure to label your axes and graphs appropriately.
2. Describe the lines/curves observed in the germinating and non-germinating seeds. Are the lines stable
throughout the experiment? How are both lines similar throughout the experiment? How are they
different?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the slope of the non-germinating seeds? _____________________________________________
4. What is the slope of the germinating seeds? ________________________________________________
5. In which trial was cellular respiration taking place at a faster rate? (based on your graphs and slopes)
____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Explain why the rate of cellular respiration is different in non-germinating and germinating seeds. (use
the background information on the lab handout)
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
7. What is the equation for cellular respiration? _______________________________________________
8. What gas do the seeds expel during cellular respiration? ______________________________________
9. What gas do the seeds absorb and use during cellular respiration? ______________________________
10. What factors can affect the rate of cellular respiration? (use lab handout)
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
11. In which organelle does cellular respiration take place? ______________________________________
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More Practice with Respiration and Photosynthesis!
1. Look at the diagram below and answer the following questions:
a. What gas is being produced?
b. In what organelle is this process taking place?
c. In addition to the gas, what other compound is being made?
d. What does the sun provide?
2. Look at the experimental set-up below. The flask contains yeast, sugar, and warm water. Under these conditions,
yeast will perform cellular respiration. What conclusions could you draw if you were the scientist? In other words,
why is the balloon inflating?
3. Bromothymol blue is an indicator that turns yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide. Look at the images below and
color the flasks according to the colors they will turn.
Flask 1: 100 mL water, 1 mL bromthymol blue, plant
Flask 2: 100 mL water, 1 mL bromthymol blue, 2 small fish
Flask 3: 100 mL water, 1 mL bromthymol blue, 2 small fish, plant
Flask 4: 100 mL water, 1 mL bromthymol blue
Flask 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
Flask 2
Flask 3
Flask 4
What process is going on in flask 1?
What process is going on in flask 2?
What processes are going on in flask 3?
Do you expect anything to happen in flask 4?
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Unit 3 Study Guide: the best things to study are your notes and the activities we’ve done. Use this to check yourself!!
Vocabulary Review
______ 1. Eukaryote
______ 2. Prokaryote
______ 3. Cell
______ 4. Organelle
______ 5. Cell specialization
______ 6. Stem cell
______ 7. Neuron
______ 8. Hormone
______ 9. Homeostasis
______ 10. Concentration gradient
______ 11. Equilibrium
______ 12. Distilled water
______ 13. Passive transport
______ 14. Active transport
______ 15. Photosynthesis
______ 16. Respiration
______ 17. ATP
______ 18. Anaerobic
______ 19. Alcoholic fermentation
______ 20. Lactic acid fermentation
A. Maintaining a constant internal balance
B. Made in yeast when there is no oxygen
C. When there are different amounts of molecules on either side
D. Uses energy and a protein to move molecules from low to high
E. A cell with no nucleus or organelles (ex. bacteria)
F. Means without oxygen
G. How cells communicate quickly, using neurotransmitters
H. Water, Sunlight, and CO2 are turned into Glucose and O2
I. A cell with a nucleus and organelles (ex. plants and animals)
J. Water that has nothing in it
K. The form of energy that cells use
L. When the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane
M. A smaller part of a cell, that each has a special function
N. Made in muscle cells when there is no oxygen
O. The smallest living thing
P. Glucose and oxygen are turned into ATP, water, and CO2
Q. How cells communicate, using a protein
R. A cell that can become any cell in the body
S. When a cell receives the right signals, it begins performing a job
T. Uses no energy and moved molecules from high to low
Match the Organelle with its Job!
______ 1. Cell membrane
______ 2. Cell wall
______ 3. Nucleus
______ 4. Ribsome
______ 5. Mitochondria
______ 6. Chloroplast
______ 7. Vacuole
A. Controls what goes in and out of the cell
B. Storage
C. Makes ATP
D. Offers support and protection
E. Makes Glucose
F. Contains DNA, controls all functions
G. Makes proteins
Fill out the table below for active and passive transport:
TYPE
PASSIVE
MOVES?
DIRECTION?
USES
ENERGY?
USES A
PROTEIN?
Diffusion
Osmosis
ACTIVE
Draw the carbon cycle below. Indicate the reactants, products, and where (e.g., in the chloroplast…) the
processes are happening!
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