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GENETICS REVIEW SHEET
Chapters
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
The Cellular Basis of Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance
Human Genetics
Frontiers of Genetics
Questions
1. Sketch and label the parts of a flower.
2. Identify the general name for the male part of a flower. Name the parts that it is
made of and describe the function of each.
3. Identify the general name for the female part of a flower. Name the parts that is
made of and describe the function of each.
4. What is double fertilization? What is the function of the two cells that result from the
process?
5. Contrast self and cross-pollination. Describe the methods that Mendel used to
control the type of pollination that he wanted during any given experiment.
6. What was important about Mendel’s background that prepared him for determining
the patterns of inheritance? When did he complete his experimentation?
6. What are purebreds? How did Mendel create them? How would a test cross help
him determine if he had a purebred or a hybrid?
7. What was important about the traits that Mendel chose to study? Why?
8. What did Mendel do after he created his purebreds? What were the results of this
cross? What previous concept of inheritance did it disprove? Explain how.
9. What did Mendel do after he created his hybrids? What ratio did he observe? What
did this tell him about his hybrids?
10. What are alleles? What are genotypes? What are phenotypes?
11. Name and give an example of the three major genotypes.
12. Complete a one-trait cross using a punnett square. Show the genotypes of the
parents, and fill out the punnett square (inside and out).
13. Complete a two-trait cross using a punnett square. Show the genotypes of the
parents, and fill out the punnett square (inside and out).
14. Describe how Mendelian genetics was misapplied to humans when it was
rediscovered. When was his work rediscovered?
15. What are the four human blood type phenotypes? What are the genotypes
associated with each phenotype?
16. What is different about the blood cells of people having the different blood types?
What antibodies are produces by each?
17. What blood type(s) can each blood type receive? Which is the universal donor?
Why? Which is the universal recipient? Why?
18. Can people having two different blood types produce children that don’t have either
of the parent’s blood types? Complete a punnett square to demonstrate. Can two
different blood types produce children having all of the blood types? Complete a
punnett square to demonstrate.
19. How do the human blood types demonstrate “codominance” and “multiple alleles”?
20. What is the difference between autosomes and sex-chromosomes?
21. Name a few autosomal recessive human traits.
Describe what pedigree
characteristics such traits have.
22. Name a few autosomal dominant human traits.
Describe what pedigree
characteristics such traits have.
23. Name one x-linked recessive human trait. Describe what pedigree characteristics
such a trait has.
24. Redo the pedigrees and punnett squares from the worksheet completed in class.
25. When does meiosis occur in the life cycle of a human? Where does it occur? What
are the names of the cells that are created by this process? How does meiosis
make sure that the number of chromosomes stays the same in each generation of
humans?
26. Name and diagram the phases of meiosis in order.
27. What are homologous chromosomes? What phases contain sister chromatids?
What phases contain single chromatids?
28. How do centrioles and spindle fibers aid in the process of meiosis? When does the
nuclear membrane break down? Why?
29. What is a non-disjunction error? When do they occur? How are the resulting sperm
and eggs cells different than normal? Name four common disorders that result from
non-disjunction errors? Describe the characteristics of individuals with each of these
disorders.
30. What is an amniocentesis? What is a karyotype?
31. Discuss the influence of biology on the concept of race in humans, including the
different between within and between group variation, and the competing factors that
promote darker or lighter skin coloration (and other stereotypical racial features).
32. Describe the relationship between malaria and the incidence of sickle cell anemia.
Vocabulary
allele
homologous chromosomes
chromatid
division
telophase I & II
crossing over
polar bodies
Charles Darwin
traits
meiosis
haploid (n)
meiosis I
prophase I & II
centrioles
independent assortment
blending inheritance Gregor Mendel
phenotype
homozygous dominant homozygous recessive
hybrid
3:1 ratio
punnett square
gametes
sister chromatids
reduction
metaphase I & II
spindle apparatus
sperm
dominance
dihybrid cross
testcross
pure breeds
heterozygous
recessive
9:3:3:1 ratio
incomplete dominance
diploid (2n)
chromatin
meiosis II
anaphase I & II
nuclear membrane
egg
pea plants
genotypes
allele
monohybrid cross
independent assortment
codominance
multiple alleles
HbA, HbS
ABO Blood types
IA, IB, i
recombination
autosomes
SRY gene
crossing over
pedigree
aneuploidy
sex chromosomes
karyotyping
Thomas Morgan
gene mapping
x-chromosome
XX (female)
fruit flies
centiMorgans
recombinant DNA
DNA sequencing
DNA polymerase
gel electrophoresis
RFLP’s
plasmids
restriction enzymes
Sanger Method
DNA template
normal nucleotides stop nucleotides
genome sequencing PCR
Sickle Cell Anemia
y-chromosome
XY (male)
gene linkage
X-linked recessive
autosomal recessive autosomal dominant X-linked dominant
non-disjunction
Turner’s Syndrome XO
Klinefelter’s Syndrome XXY
Supermale
XYY
Walter Sutton
chromosome mutations deletions
inversions
translocations
duplications
amniocentesis
gene therapy
DNA primer
labeled nucleotides
DNA fingerprinting