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Name: India Coghlan. Visit this webpage… http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/rock_cycle_intro.shtml What are rocks? A rock is made of grains that fit together. Each grain in the rock is made from a mineral, which is a chemical compound. The grains in a rock can be different colours, shapes and sizes. There are two types of grains; interlocking and rounded grains. An example of a rock with interlocking grains is: Granite Rocks with interlocking grains have the following properties: They fit tightly together Nonporous An example of a rock with rounded grains is: Sandstone Rocks with rounded grains have the following properties: porous Softer and more crumbly than rocks with interlocking grains The Earth's rocks do not stay the same forever. They are continually changing because of processes such as weathering and large earth movements. The rocks are gradually recycled over millions of years. This is called the rock cycle. There are three main types of rocks… Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic. View this animation and use it to help you summarise the rock cycle. Add labels (sedimentary, igneous & metamorphic) and information to each step of the rock cycle diagram below. This link will assist you… http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm?cha pter_no=investigation Hot molten/liquid rock called magma is contained inside the Earth Rocks then undergo metamorphism and melting due to extreme heat and pressure Sediments then undergo the processes of compaction and Cementation to form sedimentary rock. Crystallisation of magma to form igneous rock Sediments are deposited Erosion of solid rock produces Sediment Sediment is transported over land by water Use each of the webpages below to complete the notes and information on this section… http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/chemistry/changestoearthandatmosphere/0rocksrev2.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/rock_cycle_6.shtml http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/create/sediment.htm How are sedimentary rocks formed? Sedimentary rocks are often porous. Show how sedimentary rocks are formed using the flow diagram below…include details of each stage. Sedimentation (Sediments build up in layers compaction (The weight of the sediments at the top, squashes the sediments at the bottom) cementation (The crystals form a sort of glue that cements the rocks together) Sedimentary rocks contain evidence of how they were formed, including ripple marks from waves or water currents, and layers of different thickness and composition. Younger sedimentary rocks usually lie on top of older rocks, but this can change. What do sedimentary rocks look like? Sedimentary Rocks have rounded grains in layers. Draw a picture to help explain your answer. How do plants and animals sometimes form part of sedimentary rocks? Plants and animals sometimes form part of sedimentary rocks from fossils deposited on the Earth’s surface and they have layers of rocks formed over them If I were to look at the side of a cliff formed with sedimentation, where would I look to find the oldest rocks? Explain. You would look at the bottom of the cliff to find the oldest rocks. List as many examples as you can of sedimentary rocks: Limestone chalk Mudstone sandstone Shale Use each of the webpages below to complete the notes and information on this section… http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/chemistry/changestoearthandatmosphere/0rocksrev3.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/rock_cycle_7.shtml http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/create/igneous.htm Why might igneous rocks be called “Fire Rocks”? Igneous rocks may be called ‘Fire Rocks’ because they are made of very hot rocks (magma). They also may be called ‘Fire Rocks’ because the word ‘ignis’ means ‘fire’ in Latin. Igneous Rocks are formed from Molten rock. Molten rock is called Magma. When magma cools and solidifies, a type of rock called igneous rock forms. Igneous rocks contain crystals rather than grains. The size of the crystal depends on how fast the magma cools. If the magma cools slowly then the crystals will be large. If the magma cools quickly then the crystals will be small. There are two types of igneous rocks intrusive and extrusive. In your own words, explain the difference between the formation of Intrusive and Extrusive igneous rocks. Intrusive rocks contain interlocking crystals and are formed underground. Extrusive rocks contain small crystals and are formed above the Earth’s surface. Why don’t igneous rocks contain fossils? Is it impossible? Igneous rocks don’t contain fossils because any fossils that may have been in the original rock would have melted when the magma formed. List as many examples as you can of igneous rocks. Try to categorise them as extrusive or intrusive: Intrusive Extrusive Not sure… Granite Gabbro Basalt Obsidian Use each of the webpages below to complete the notes and information on this section… http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/rock_cycle_8.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/chemistry/changestoearthandatmosphere/0rocksrev4.shtml http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/create/metamorph.htm Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks that are changed because of heat or pressure. They do not melt. What other words do you know of that contain “morph”? Can you see a connection between these two processes? The Greek word ‘morph’ means form. This relates to metamorphic because metamorphic rocks have changed form. What is the difference between metamorphic and igneous rocks? Metamorphic rocks are made up of other rocks (layer upon layer) and are created my great heat or pressure. Igneous rocks are formed by cooled magma or lava. Metamorphic rocks may contain the same chemical composition of other rocks, and this provides evidence for how they were formed. List as many examples as you can of either sedimentary or igneous rocks and the corresponding metamorphic rock they transform into: Sedimentary/Igneous Rock Limestone (sedimentary) Granite Shale Metamorphic Rock marble gneiss Slate Other Metamorphic Rocks You can now complete the rocks activity at ... http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/environment_earth_universe/rock_cycle/activity .shtml and you’re nearly done... here is a revision test to see how much on rocks you remember! http://www.bbc.co.uk/apps/ifl/schools/ks3bitesize/science/quizengine?quiz=rocks&templateStyle=s cience