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COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Preceptor Syllabus PHAR 7020 Hospital Pharmacy Practicum I 2008-2009 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Accepted Holidays & Dates for P-4 Meetings/Exams 3 Orientation to the Practice Site 4 Requirements of the Rotation 4-5 Attendance, Punctuality and Absences 4-5 Student Rotation Portfolio 5 Learning Objectives for the Rotation 5-7 Required Readings for the Student 8 Learning Objectives for the Exam 9-11 Medications for the Exam 12 Evaluation of the Pharmacy Student 13 Grading 13 APPENDICES A. Preceptor Responsibilities 14-15 B. Preceptor Evaluation Form 16 C. Site Evaluation Form 17 D. Hospital Pharmacy Practicum Check Sheet 18-19 E. OU/SWOSU Experiential Evaluation Form 20-28 2 DOCTOR OF PHARMACY STUDENT PRACTICUMS The Doctor of Pharmacy Program at the University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy is an ACPE-accredited entry-level Doctor of Pharmacy Program. The practicum (rotation) program consists of the 9 one-month experiences listed below, scheduled between June 2008 and May 2009. Ambulatory Care Clinical Practicum Community Pharmacy Practicum Adult Medicine/Acute Care Clinical Practicum Institutional Pharmacy Practicum *Selective/Elective Practicums 2 months 1 month 1 month 1 month 4 months * Selective/Elective experiences can include additional months of ambulatory care, acute care, community, or institutional practicums depending on availability. Specialty areas such as home health care, compounding, drug information, managed care, administrative pharmacy, research, long-term care, or other experiences can also fulfill selective/elective requirements. Rotation attendance, required examinations, and meetings Unless otherwise instructed, students begin a practicum on the 1st working day and end on the last working day of the month. Students are required to attend all working days of the month or as arranged by the preceptor(s)-of-record with approval of the Director of Experiential Education. Exceptions to this include observed University holidays, unless otherwise instructed by the preceptor-of-record in conjunction with the Director of Experiential Education (see pages 4 and 5 for more details). Rotation credit is a minimum of 160 hours of contact per month. For the 20082009 academic year, observed holidays, student practicum course meetings/examinations (room 101 in OKC, 1D28 in Tulsa unless otherwise instructed), and other special events include (subject to change): Community/Hospital exams Independence Day Community/Hospital exams Community/Hospital exams Labor Day Community/Hospital exams Community/Hospital exams P-4 class meeting Community/Hospital exams Thanksgiving Holiday Community/Hospital exams December Holiday New Years Holiday Martin Luther King Day Community/Hospital exams Community/Hospital exams P-4 class meeting Community/Hospital exams Community/Hospital exams P-4 class meeting Memorial Day Community/Hospital exams * Senior Placement Conference(s) Graduation Convocation * June 26, 2008, 3 - 4 p.m. July 4, 2008 July 31, 2008, 3 - 4 p.m. August 28, 2008, Time TBA September 1, 2008 September 25, 2008, Time TBA October 30, 2008, Time TBA October 30, 2008, Time TBA November 25, 2008, Time TBA November 27-28, 2008 December 23, 2008, Time TBA December 25, 2008 January 1, 2009 January 19, 2009 January 29, 2009, Time TBA February 26, 2009, Time TBA February 26, 2009, Time TBA March 26, 2009, Time TBA April 30, 2009, Time TBA April 30, 2009, Time TBA May 25, 2009 May 28, 2009, Time TBA Fall 2008, Spring 2009 (dates pending) June 2009 (date pending) permission to attend placement conference(s) during scheduled interview times is required 3 I. Orientation to the Practice Site Practice site hours: ______________________________________________ Lunch policy: _____________________________________________________ The preceptor should review the following with the student on the first day of the rotation: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Goals, objectives, and minimal competency requirements of the rotation. Dates for the mid-point and final evaluations. Rotation hours and attendance policy. Dress code for the facility. Tour of the facility. Introduction to key members of the facility and a brief description of their duties. Obtain an identification badge from Human Resources and complete facility orientation requirements (if applicable). 8. Review facility policies and procedures. 9. Introduction to the Pharmacy Information System. 10. Review and discuss the student’s rotation portfolio. 11. Indicate the location of reference materials available to students. 12. Review the contents of this manual. The students will have access to a student version and project guidelines. II. Requirements of the Rotation A. Attendance and Maintenance of the Student Portfolio Unless otherwise instructed, students begin a practicum on the 1st working day and end on the last working day of the month. Students are required to attend all working days of the month or as arranged by the preceptor(s)-of-record. Exceptions to this include observed University holidays, unless otherwise instructed by the preceptorof-record in conjunction with the Director of Experiential Education. Rotation credit is a minimum of 160 hours of contact per month. Students must attend all working days of each rotation month. Tardiness will not be tolerated. The student may be required by the preceptor or Director of Experiential Education to complete an extra rotational day for each episode of tardiness. Repeated tardiness on any single or between multiple rotation(s) may result in dismissal from a practicum and an unsatisfactory grade (0%), with subsequent reenrollment in the course. Individuals unable to attend any portion of a rotation must provide written justification for their absence unless otherwise specified. In cases of illness, these should preferably be signed by the appropriate health professional treating the individual. The student must seek approval from the preceptor for anticipated absences prior to the missed session and unexpected absences as soon as is practical. Acceptance of the excuse will be at the discretion of the individual instructor and Director of Experiential Education. All absences from rotations conducted by adjunct faculty must be communicated via telephone by the student to the Director of Experiential Education on the day of the absence. E-mail is not an 4 acceptable form of communication to obtain an excused absence. Unexcused absences will not be tolerated. An unexcused absence may result in an unsatisfactory grade (0%), and require subsequent re-enrollment in the course. Excused absences will require that missed rotation time be completed “after hours” or on weekends, unless otherwise directed. Students must maintain a portfolio and present it to assigned preceptors on the first day of each rotation, and/or as required. Student portfolios must be completed as specified and submitted for verification prior to college-reporting of experiential hours required for licensure. Though patient-related activities and information are required for the portfolio, students must safeguard privacy and not include patient name(s). B. The student must fulfill learning objectives (pages 5 - 7) and complete a related check sheet. The check sheet is supplied to the student by the college and should be kept in the student’s portfolio following completion and verification by preceptor signature. C. The student must pass the required exam administered by the College (readings and objectives on pages 7 - 12). The student is supplied a copy of the objectives and access to the readings. A score of at least 70% will be required on the exam to pass the rotation, or the student must repeat an entire hospital rotation. The College will notify the student and preceptor of the exam date and time. III. Learning Objectives for the Rotation 1. PATIENT CARE: The student will provide patient care by: A. Demonstrating proper oral and written communication skills by: 1. Taking patient medication histories. 2. Providing patient counseling. 3. Accurately providing drug information to other health professionals. B. Utilizing a medication record system to detect: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. A patient's history of adverse effects. Potential unwarranted medication changes. Potential quantitative misuse of medications. Duplication of medications. Potential unwanted additive effects of medications. Inappropriate dose, route, schedule, or dosage form. Possible adverse effects. Drug-drug and drug-food interactions. Drug-disease interactions Possible irrational therapeutics. C. Demonstrating the application of pharmacokinetic principles to patient care. D. Establishing patient outcome parameters and monitoring those parameters. 5 2. DRUG PREPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION: The student will have a working knowledge of the drug preparation and distribution systems of the institution and be able to: A. Interpret medication and IV admixture requests, determine their accuracy, completeness, and legality, and prepare an appropriate label for the medication according to the institution's guidelines. B. Describe controlled substance laws and the institution's procedure for dispensing controlled substances. C. Participate in the institution's medication delivery system including: 1. Reviewing orders for appropriateness against the patient profile, making additions to, and deletions from this record, and understanding the steps necessary to clarify a questionable order. 2. Accurately filling unit dose orders. 3. Accurately filling bulk medication orders including selecting the appropriate container. 4. Demonstrating proper aseptic technique and the ability to extemporaneously prepare admixture solutions. 5. Recalling common IV incompatibilities and reference sources for information concerning parenteral drug and solution administration, stability, and compatibility. D. Demonstrate the ability to accurately perform pharmacy calculations. (i.e., IV admixtures, drip rates, and extemporaneously compounded products.) E. Describe the hospital's procedure for dealing with outpatient prescriptions. F. Demonstrate the use of auxiliary labeling to aid the nurse in administering medications and intravenous admixtures. G. Participate in the manufacturing and or repackaging of a pharmaceutical product including tracing the controls and records that should be used to ensure the quality of the finished product. H. Discuss the application of satellite pharmacy services, drug information centers, and clinical services to institutional practice. 3. PHARMACY MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the administrative responsibilities involved in operating a hospital pharmacy department by: 6 A. Describing and/or attending pharmacy related hospital committee meetings and describing the purpose, function, and line of responsibility of each - especially the Pharmacy and Therapeutics and Quality Assurance committees. B. Describing the lines of communication and shared responsibilities of other health related areas that interact with the pharmacy department. C. Explaining some Policies and Procedures of the hospital and discussing standards and guidelines of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. D. Identifying the role and activities of pharmacy technicians. E. Identifying the organizational structure of the pharmacy department. 4. DRUG POLICY MANAGEMENT: The student will demonstrate familiarity with different drug management policies in hospital pharmacy by: A. Participating in and/or describing the Drug Use Evaluation process taking place in the institution. B. Describing the institution's policies and procedures for handling investigational drugs. C. Identifying the procedure for reporting and documenting medication errors and adverse drug reactions and explaining the steps in the institution's ADR reporting program. D. Identifying the procedure for the handling of "meds from home" and drug samples. E. Describing the institution's formulary system. F. Describing the difference between therapeutic and generic equivalence and how this affects the formulary. G. Describing any current or anticipated pharmacoeconomic issues. 5. PURCHASING AND INVENTORY: The student will be able to demonstrate an understanding of purchasing and inventory and their impact upon general operations regarding areas such as budgeting, bookkeeping procedures, pricing policy, and application of computer systems by: A. Explaining the inventory control activities including ordering, checking, stocking, and physical inventory control. B. Discussing procedures involved in ordering controlled substances. C. Discussing the procedure for the handling of manufacturer recalls of medications. D. Describing the procedure for handling of non-formulary or non-stocked drug requests. 7 IV. Required Readings and References for the Student References 4 and 5 can be obtained on-line at http://pharmacy.ouhsc.edu/coursenotes/ P-4, PHAR 7020, Hospital Practicum (password is hospital). 1. Flanders B, Sigler J, eds. Pharmacy Drug Cards, 23rd Edition, Lawrence, KS, Sigler & Flanders, Inc., 2007. 2. Whitney J. Parenteral Nutrition. In: Boh LE, ed. Pharmacy Practice Manual: A Guide to the Clinical Experience. 2nd edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2001. p. 460 – 506. 3. Lam YWF, Chan CYJ. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. In: Boh LE, ed. Pharmacy Practice Manual: A Guide to the Clinical Experience. 2nd edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2001. p. 538-78. 4. Vogel F. Intravenous/oral sequential therapy in patients hospitalised with communityacquired pneumonia: Which patients, when, and what agents? Drugs 2002; 62:309-17. 5. Antibiotic review for PHAR 7020 (with learning objectives included in the document). 6. Lutfiyya MN, Henley E, Chang LF. Diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pnemonia. Am Fam Physician 2006;73:442-50. Available from: URL: http://www.aafp.org/afp/20060201/442.html 7. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2007, Mar 1; 4 Suppl 2:S27-72. Available from: URL: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/511159 8. USP General Chapter 797 Pharmaceutical Compounding Sterile-Preparations. Available from: URL: http://www.usp.org/pdf/EN/USPNF/generalChapter797.pdf 9. The Joint Commission National Patient Safety goals. Available from: URL: http://www.jointcommission.org/PatientSafety/NationalPatientSafetyGoals/08_hap_npsg s.htm 10. Joint Commission “Do Not Use” list Available from: URL: http://www.jointcommission.org/NR/rdonlyres/2329F8F5-6EC5-4E21-B93254B2B7D53F00/0/06_dnu_list.pdf 11. Oklahoma Pharmacy Lawbook 2008 (unofficial). Available from: URL: http://www.ok.gov/OSBP/documents/law08.pdf 12. Oosterheert JJ, Bonten MJ, Schneider MM, Buskens E, Lammers JW, Hustinx WM, et al. Effectiveness of early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics in severe community acquired pneumonia: multicentre randomized trial. BMJ 2006 Dec 9; 333 (7580):1193. Available from: URL: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/333/7580/1193 8 V. Learning Objectives for the Exam (based on required readings, as applicable) For the selected medication products listed on page 12, students will be able to list, identify and/or select: Brand and generic name Dosage forms Classification o o general class listed at the bottom right corner of pharmacy drug card chemical class if listed under pharmacology section of pharmacy drug card FDA-approved indications Dosage information as specified Pharmacology Pharmacokinetics (if specified) Contraindications Adverse effects Drug interactions Patient consultation information Other information as specified 1. PATIENT CARE: The student should be able to: Demonstrate the application of pharmacokinetic principles to patient care (reference 3). Identify and/or define the meaning of “steady-state” concentrations Identify and/or list the importance of “peak” sampling after drug distribution is complete in terms of accurately reflecting the target drug site. Recognize and/or list the minimum amount of time that should elapse after the end of an intravenous infusion prior to sampling a peak concentration for aminoglycosides and vancomycin Identify and/or list (at least 3) appropriate indications for therapeutic drug monitoring Recognize and/or list target peak and trough concentrations for gentamicin Recognize and/or describe the practice of administering the entire daily dose of an aminoglycoside such as gentamicin, including expected peak/trough concentrations vs. traditional dosing Recognize and/or list target peak and trough concentrations for vancomycin Identify and/or list symptoms associated with “red man syndrome” related to vancomycin, as well as procedures to minimize it’s occurrence Recognize and/or list toxicities associated with elevated peak and/or trough levels of aminoglycosides (i.e. gentamicin) and vancomycin Understand pharmacotherapy-related issues associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (reference 6). Recognize and/or list the signs and symptoms, risk factors, and bacterial etiologies of CAP 9 Recognize patterns of resistance to antibiotics and the influence on drug selection Given a patient case, select or recommend appropriate antibiotic therapy ( reference 7) Identify appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy for outpatient treatment of community acquired pneumonia in a previously healthy patient with no risk factors for drug-resistant S. pneumonia infection Identify appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy for outpatient treatment of community acquired pneumonia in a patient with co-morbid conditions (chronic heart, lung, liver, or renal disease, or diabetes, etc.) Identify appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy for inpatient (non-ICU) treatment of community acquired pneumonia Identify appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy for inpatient ICU treatment of community acquired pneumonia Identify the appropriate duration of antibiotic therapy for treatment of community acquired pneumonia Identify prevention strategies for community acquired pneumonia Establish patient outcome parameters and monitor those parameters. 2. DRUG PREPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION: The student will have a working knowledge of the drug preparation and distribution systems of an institution and be able to (reference 2, unless otherwise indicated): Interpret IV admixture requests Distinguish what is meant by peripheral vs. central administration of parenteral nutrition Identify and/or list the usual maximum concentration for peripherally administered dextrose solution in adults and children in order to minimize the incidence of phlebitis Identify and/or list (at least 2) cases in which parenteral nutrition is frequently used Identify and/or list (at least 2) cases in which parenteral nutrition is of little or no value Identify and/or list the determinants of kilocalorie requirements, including factors that increase energy requirements Recognize and/or list the purpose of amino acids in parenteral nutrition Recognize and/or list the kilocalories per gram of lipid, as well as generally available strengths for lipid emulsions Given an order for total parenteral nutrition, calculate the volumes of parent solutions, electrolytes and other additives needed to compound the nutrition formula Identify factors that increase risk of calcium phosphate precipitation in a parenteral nutrition solution. Recognize the Risk Level of Compounded Sterile Products (CSPs) and what measures are necessary for compounding them within the USP 797 guidelines (Low-Risk level CSP’s, Medium-Risk level CSP’s and High-Risk level CSP’s). (reference 8). Define and/or recognize an immediate-use CSP (reference 8). Describe the institution's procedure for dispensing and tracking controlled substances. Demonstrate the ability to accurately perform pharmacy calculations. (e.g., IV admixtures and continuous infusion drip rates) 10 Identify abbreviations that may be misinterpreted and recognize those that need clarification to assure proper care (reference 10). 3. PHARMACY MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the administrative responsibilities involved in operating a hospital pharmacy department by: Identifying the role and activities of pharmacy technicians (reference 11). Identify and/or list the allowable pharmacist-to-technician ratio in a hospital pharmacy (by law) Identify and/or list whether an intern affects the pharmacist-to-technician ratio (by law) Recognize and/or list duties that may and may not be performed by pharmacy technicians or support personnel in a hospital pharmacy environment (by law) 4. DRUG POLICY MANAGEMENT: The student will demonstrate familiarity with different drug management policies in hospital pharmacy by: Understanding pharmacoeconomic issues associated with institutional pharmacy (reference 4) Recognize and/or list clinical criteria for parenteral to oral switch therapy in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) Recognize and/or list limits for parenteral/oral switch therapy in patients with CAP Recognize and/or list potential benefits of intravenous to oral sequential antibacterial therapy (both patient and pharmacoeconomic benefits) Describing the procedure for reporting and documenting medication errors and adverse drug reactions and explaining the steps in the institution's ADR reporting/prevention program(s) Describing the procedure for handling "home medications” and drug samples/pharmaceutical representatives, including policy for medication administration and prohibited practices related to these areas Describing the plan or program for attaining Joint Commission Goal #8 of accurately and completely reconciling medications across the continuum of care (reference 9). Describing the program or plan for attaining Joint Commission Goal #3 of improving the safety of using medications (reference 9). 5. PURCHASING AND INVENTORY: The student will be able to demonstrate an understanding of purchasing and inventory by: Describing the procedure for handling of non-formulary or non-stocked drug requests. 11 Medications for the Hospital Pharmacy Examination (if not listed in Pharmacy Drug Cards, E-facts on-line is the suggested reference) Darvocet-N Lortab/Vicoprofen MS Contin OxyContin Percocet Duragesic Demerol Ultram Ketorolac Flexeril Reglan Zofran Prochlorperazine Carafate Aciphex Prevacid Prilosec Nexium Protonix Asacol Pentasa Vancomycin Enoxaparin Prednisone Medrol Flagyl Amoxil/Trimox Augmentin Penicillin V Potassium Ceftin Cefzil Keflex Omnicef Biaxin/XL Erythromycin & Ery-Tab Zithromax Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim Cipro Levaquin Avelox Minocin Tetracycline Doxycycline Famvir Valtrex Zovirax Diflucan Lamisil Nizoral Sporanox Amphotericin B Lanoxin Cordarone Imdur Nitrostat Nitro-Dur Aldactone Bumex Lasix Demadex Zaroxolyn Lamictal Dilantin Depakote Topamax Lithonate/Lithotabs Methotrexate Plaquenil Imuran Epoetin Alfa 12 VI. Evaluation of the Pharmacy Student The student should be evaluated by the preceptor twice (midpoint and end of rotation) during the practicum based on subjective and objective components. The midpoint evaluation should occur by the 17th of a calendar month. See more specific guidance on evaluation on page 15 of this document. The evaluation will incorporate the use of the OU/SWOSU Experiential Evaluation form which will be provided by the College with rotation mailing information or can be accessed through a secure log-on at http://www.ems-webs.com/Oklahoma/ (contact the college for technical assistance as needed). The preceptor should fax or mail the evaluation form back to the College at the end of the rotation (if not completed on-line). The student needs to receive a copy of the completed, signed evaluation from the preceptor for insertion into his/her portfolio prior to leaving the rotation. VII. Grading The College will issue a grade to the student of Satisfactory or Unsatisfactory based on: (1) assessment of performance from the preceptor using the OU/SWOSU Experiential Evaluation, (2) performance on the required exam, (3) and completion of learning objectives with documentation and signatures via the checklist. Successful completion of each practicum course requires acceptable completion of all required tasks. An overall total score of at least 70% will be required for the course with a grade of 70% also required for each grading component. In addition to inadequate performance on a grading component, loss of credit (0%) and an Unsatisfactory grade may occur as a result of (but is not limited to) an unexcused absence, tardiness, unprofessional conduct, lack of professionalism (including poor work ethic), and/or a violation of HIPAA. 13 Appendix A Preceptor Responsibilities to the Experiential Education Program 1. Preceptors are expected to maintain contemporary pharmacy practices sufficient to facilitate experiential education for doctor of pharmacy students at any level of the professional curriculum. Contemporary pharmacy practice is evidenced by these activities: a. active participation with a health care team and provision of therapeutic recommendations to team members b. obtaining patient health information (physical findings, laboratory, medication history, and medical history) commensurate with the type of pharmacy practice c. dispensing prescription medications within the facility’s guidelines d. providing verbal or written medication use information to other health care providers e. gathering and organizing patient specific information to identify potential or on-going drug therapy problems. Specific activities may include but are not limited to: obtaining a history (of medications and medical problems) from a patient reviewing medical records (to gain admission history, physical findings, past medical history, medications ordered and received, laboratory and radiological data) reviewing pharmacy records (for active orders, medications dispensed or discontinued) reviewing other patient records that may provide information needed to evaluate or solve problems of drug therapy f. obtaining and interpreting the evidence in the medical literature supporting the appropriate use of medications to optimize drug therapy outcomes g. developing therapeutic plans (including prescription and non-prescription medication selection, dosing, and monitoring plans) h. providing patients with education about their medication(s) or disease(s) in an ambulatory setting or prior to discharge from an acute care setting i. documenting pharmacy work in an appropriate medical record and/or pharmacy patient profile j. providing follow-up phone calls or visits with patients or communicating with involved health care providers to assure that optimal therapeutic outcomes are attained and maintained k. providing specialized patient and non-patient care activities that support unique roles of pharmacists 14 2. All preceptors will have a current, valid, and unrestricted pharmacist and preceptor license issued by the Oklahoma State Board of Pharmacy. 3. Preceptors will directly supervise and be responsible for all patient care activities (provision of pharmacy services, drug information, communication of therapeutic plans to health care providers, and communications with patients) provided by doctor of pharmacy students. Direct involvement in the patient care activities outlined in no. 1 above is essential for developing professional competence and for providing meaningful assessment of student performance. 4. Evaluations must be conducted for all students assigned and be submitted to the Office of Experiential Education upon completion. A mid-point performance evaluation must be documented in writing and verbally reviewed with each student no later than the 17 th of each month. If the mid-point evaluation is below expectations, a specific, written plan for improvement must be developed and signed by the student and preceptor. The Director of Experiential Education must be notified by the preceptor and provided a copy of the plan for improvement. A final performance evaluation must be documented in writing and verbally reviewed with each student by the final day of the month. The final evaluation must be submitted on-line by the end of the final rotation day, but should be printed and signed by both the student and preceptor and a copy of the signed evaluation must be provided to the student by the final rotation day of the month. In all cases where it is possible (that is, those with a computer compatible with the available assessment software), student evaluations must be submitted electronically. 15 Appendix B Preceptor Evaluation Form (on-line and to be completed by the student) Preceptor _______________________ Student _________________________ Each of the statements below describes essential characteristics to sustain a learning experience and facilitate the growth of a professional student through opportunity, interaction, and assessment. Indicate the rating of your primary preceptor(s) according to the listed scale for items 1 through 10 and indicate yes or no to items 11 through 13. 4 3 2 1 0 Extremely well done, always performed well Well done, frequently performed well Fairly well done, sometimes performed well Not done, never performed well Unable to rate on this item THE PRECEPTOR: 1. Maintained pharmacy practice or learning environment sufficient to facilitate my learning and my growth as a professional. 2. Sustained responsibilities at the rotation site including provision of care to patients and/or services to others within a health care system. 3. Assigned specific responsibilities designed to facilitate my learning. 4. Provided consistent and appropriate supervision of my activities and actions. 5. Was able to provide meaningful assessment of my abilities and performance. 6. Displayed enthusiasm for teaching. 7. Provided feedback and asked questions that stimulated my thinking and memory. 8. Increased his/her expectations for my ability to perform to higher levels throughout the rotation. 9. Provided frequent and appropriate verbal feedback on my performance. 10. Provided a challenging experience that stimulated my growth as a professional. 11. Reviewed my mid-point performance verbally and in writing by the 17th of the month. Yes No 12. Performed a final evaluation verbally and in writing at the end of the rotation. Yes No 13. Provided a copy of my final evaluation for my portfolio. Yes No Additional comments (necessary for high and low evaluation scores): 16 Appendix C SITE EVALUATION FORM (on-line and to be completed by the student) Student Name: Date: Site and city/state: At the end of the rotation, rank each evaluation item according to the scale 1 – 4, where 1 = needs improvement/disagree, 2 = average/somewhat agree, 3 = very good/agree, 4 = excellent/strongly agree. Evaluation Items 1. Sufficient orientation to the site was provided. 2. Learning objectives or expectations were established. 3. Activities were consistent with learning objectives or expectations. 4. Opportunity for active participation was provided. 5. Clarification or explanation was provided when feasible. 6. Constructive feedback was provided. 7. Positive feedback was provided. 8. The environment promoted learning. 9. Information resources were adequate for learning. 10. My expectations for learning were met or exceeded. Rank (circle one) 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 What are the positive aspects of this site? In what ways might the site improve the learning experience for students? Other comments (consider expanding on particularly low or high ranking evaluation items): Return to: University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 26901, CPB 135B, Attn: Director of Experiential Programs, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901 (fax: 405/271-3531) 17 Appendix D Hospital Pharmacy Practicum Practice site: _________________________ Student: _______________________ This check sheet is to be utilized by the student in concert with his/her preceptor(s) as a method to track the completion of key learning objectives for the rotation. At the completion of the rotation, this check sheet must be signed by both the preceptor and student and placed in section IV of the student rotation portfolio. I. PATIENT CARE Yes No N/A Demonstrates ability to effectively communicate by performing medication histories. Yes No N/A Utilizes a medication record to perform an appropriate drug utilization review. Yes No N/A Communicates drug information and pertinent patient information to other health care professionals. Yes No N/A Provides appropriate information and advice to patients, using appropriate counseling techniques and utilizing terminology appropriate to the patient’s level of understanding. Yes No N/A Demonstrates the application of pharmacokinetic principles to patient care. Yes No N/A Establishes patient outcome parameters and monitors those parameters. II. DRUG PREPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION Yes No N/A Interprets medication and IV admixture requests and is able to determine accuracy, completeness, and legality, and prepare an appropriate label for the medication in accordance with guidelines. Yes No N/A Describes controlled substance laws and institutions procedure for dispensing controlled substances. Yes No N/A Reviews orders for appropriateness against patient profile, making additions and deletions along with an understanding of steps needed to clarify a questionable order. Yes No N/A Accurately fills unit dose and bulk medication orders including proper selection of container. Yes No N/A Demonstrates proper aseptic technique, and ability to prepare admixture solutions. Yes No N/A Identifies common IV incompatibilities along with pertinent information on administration, and stability of parenteral medications. Yes No N/A Demonstrates ability to accurately perform pharmacy calculations (i.e., IV admixtures, drip rates, and extemporaneously compounded preparations). Yes No N/A Describes the hospital’s procedure for dealing with outpatient prescriptions. Yes No N/A Demonstrates use and knowledge of auxiliary labeling. Yes No N/A Demonstrates competency in the compounding and/or repackaging of a pharmaceutical product. Yes No N/A Demonstrates knowledge about satellite pharmacy services, drug information, and clinical services performed in practice. 18 III. PHARMACY MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION Yes No N/A Understands pharmacy-related hospital committee meetings, especially Pharmacy and Therapeutics and Quality Assurance committees. Yes No N/A Describes the lines of communication and shared services between other departments. Yes No N/A Explains some Policies and Procedures and discusses pertinent guidelines of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). Yes No N/A Identifies the role and activities of pharmacy technicians. Yes No N/A Identifies the organizational structure of the pharmacy department. IV. DRUG POLICY MANAGEMENT Yes No N/A Discusses the Drug Use Evaluation process. Yes No N/A Discusses the procedure for reporting and documenting medication errors and adverse drug reactions and tracing the steps in the ADR reporting program. Yes No N/A Describes the institution’s policies and procedures for handling investigational drugs. Yes No N/A Identifies the procedure for handling “meds from home” and drug samples. Yes No N/A Describes pertinent aspects of the institutional formulary system/procedures. Yes No N/A Discusses current and/or anticipated pharmacoeconomic issues. Yes No N/A Describes issues on how therapeutic and generic equivalence affects the formulary. V. PURCHASING AND INVENTORY Yes No N/A Traces inventory control activities, including ordering, checking, stocking, and physical inventory control. Yes No N/A Identifies and performs required procedures for ordering, inventory, and prescription filing of controlled substances. Yes No N/A Describes the procedure for handling manufacturer recalls of medications. Yes No N/A Describes the procedure for handling non-formulary or non-stocked drug orders. Signatures below indicate that the documentation above is an accurate reflection of activities and content of the rotation. Level of competency and assessment can be further documented on the OU/SWOSU Experiential Evaluation. Student signature Date: Preceptor signature Date: Preceptor comments: 19 APPENDIX E OU/SWOSU Experiential Evaluation PRECEPTOR INSTRUCTIONS General Instructions: Review the evaluation form and decide which components will be covered on your rotation. If an area will not be covered during the rotation, mark “n/a” for not applicable. Share this information with students on the 1st day of the rotation. Note that certain items do not have “n/a” as an option, as students are expected to demonstrate knowledge, skills, or attitudes in these categories on every rotation. An individual rotation site is not expected to cover all the evaluation areas, only those pertinent to the practice setting and rotation. Space is provided at the end for you to add and evaluate unique competencies at your site. If you have any concerns about the student’s professional behavior or interpersonal skills, please contact the experiential office. Using the 1 to 5 Scale: When performing midpoint and final evaluation, consider a 3 rating as “meets expectations” and begin assessing each item at the 3 column. If the student is performing lower than the criteria for a score of 3, read the criteria for 2, and if these criteria aren’t met, read the criteria for 1. If the student is performing above the criteria for a score of 3, read the criteria for 4, and if these criteria do not fit the performance, review the criteria for 5. For each competency that you evaluate, mark one rating of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 which best describes the student’s performance. Midpoint and Final Evaluation Instructions: Rate the student’s performance according to the 1 to 5 scale. If an evaluation category was not covered, mark “n/a.” Approximately 2 weeks into the rotation, perform a midpoint evaluation. At the midpoint evaluation, review the evaluation form with the student and provide feedback to the student about your expectations for further progress during the remaining 2 weeks of the rotation Review the final evaluation form with the student. Both the preceptor and student should sign and date both the midpoint and final evaluation at the end of the evaluation form. Please provide a copy to the student to place in his or her portfolio. Written comments: Are required for any score of 1 (“unacceptable performance”) OR 5 (“exceeds expectations”). Are encouraged for all areas evaluated If you are unable submit the evaluation on-line, make a copy of the completed evaluation for your files and send the original to your local campus: OU College of Pharmacy OU Schusterman Center/College of Pharmacy P.O. Box 26901, CPB 135B 4502 East 41st Street, 1H15 Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901 Tulsa, OK 74135 Vincent Dennis, Pharm.D. Director of Experiential Education Phone 405-271-6878, ext. 47372 Fax 405-271-3531 Email: [email protected] Nancy Ray, Pharm.D. Assistant Director of Experiential Education (Tulsa) Phone 918-660-3587 Fax 918-660-3580 Email: [email protected] 20 OU/SWOSU Experiential Evaluation Form Student: Rotation Site: Preceptor: Date (Month & Year): Knowledge Base Drug & disease state knowledge Midpt Final □ 1 Guesses at basic disease & drug information. Major gaps in essential knowledge. Unable to relate to patient care □ 2 Often unable to explain basic principles of drugs & diseases Has difficulty relating to patient care □ 1 Unable to obtain obvious patient information. Unable to identify patient’s primary reason for seeking care Selects inappropriate resources for information or unable to elicit information from appropriate resources □ 2 Requires assistance in obtaining obvious patient information. Requires prompting to identify patient’s primary reason for seeking care Inconsistently uses appropriate resources for information (e.g. patient, caregiver, medical record, other healthcare professionals) □ 3 Explains basic principles of drugs & diseases but lacks detail Usually able to relate to patient care, but requires prompting □ 4 Explains drugs & diseases often in detail Usually relates to patient care with little to no prompting □ 5 Explains drugs & diseases in detail & depth Always relates to patient care without prompting Comments Provision of Pharmaceutical Care Information gathering & identifying patient needs Midpt Final □ 3 Obtains obvious patient information. Able to identify patient’s primary reason for seeking care. Uses some appropriate resources for information (e.g. patient, caregiver, medical record, other healthcare professionals) □ 4 Efficiently obtains complete patient information & makes attempt to elicit details. Able to identify patient’s primary reason for seeking care Uses appropriate resources for information (e.g. patient, caregiver, medical record, other healthcare professionals) □5 Efficiently obtains complete & detailed patient information. Able to identify patient’s primary reason for seeking care Efficiently uses appropriate resources for information (e.g. patient, caregiver, medical record, other healthcare professionals) □ n/a 21 Assessment & interpretation of information Midpt Final Therapeutic plan development Midpt Final Therapeutic plan monitoring Midpt Final □ 1 Unable to interpret subjective & objective patient data Unable to identify drug-related problems Unable to develop a patient-specific problem list □ 2 Interprets some subjective & objective patient data Identifies some basic drug-related problems Develops patient-specific problem list, unable to prioritize □ 3 Interprets most subjective & objective patient data Identifies basic drugrelated problems Develops patient-specific problem list and usually able to prioritize problems, but sometimes needs prompting □ 4 Interprets all pertinent patient data & usually makes reasonable assumptions when data is incomplete Identifies majority of drugrelated problems Develops patient-specific problem list and usually able to prioritize □5 Interprets all pertinent patient data & makes reasonable assumptions when data is incomplete Identifies all drug-related problems Develops patient-specific problem list with prioritization □ n/a □ 1 Unable to recommend appropriate, patientspecific drug therapy regimens & selfmanagement techniques Unable to prevent & resolve medicationrelated problems □ 2 Sometimes recommends reasonable drug therapy regimens, lacks rationale & individualization Able to prevent & resolve basic medication-related problems with guidance □ 3 Recommends reasonable drug therapy regimens, although choice is not always optimal Able to prevent & resolve basic medication-related problems □ 2 Able to identify some therapeutic endpoints Unable to select proper monitoring parameters □ 3 Usually able to identify therapeutic endpoints & monitoring parameters □5 Recommends optimal patientspecific drug therapy regimens & self-management techniques with rationale & supporting literature Develops alternate plan based on patient’s changing needs Able to prevent & resolve medication-related problems independently □5 Consistently identifies therapeutic endpoints; consistently identifies & understands implications of monitoring parameters □ n/a □ 1 Unable to identify therapeutic endpoints & monitoring parameters □ 4 Usually recommends optimal patient-specific drug therapy regimens & self-management techniques with rationale Sometimes develops alternate plan based on patient’s changing needs Able to prevent & resolve medication-related problems □ 4 Consistently identifies therapeutic endpoints & monitoring parameters □ n/a Comments 22 Practice Management Pharmacy Operations Midpt Final □1 Fails to comprehend basic concepts of inventory control, financial decisionmaking, the importance of being sensitive to personnel management issues, and the role of marketing in pharmacy practice Possesses no knowledge of dispensing system Unable to utilize onsite technology Is unable to apply pharmacy laws and regulations to practice □ 2 Comprehends some concepts including inventory control, financial decisionmaking, the importance of being sensitive to personnel management issues, responsibilities of health professionals, and the role of marketing in pharmacy practice. Possesses little knowledge of dispensing system Requires repeated prompting to utilize onsite technology Requires assistance in applying pharmacy law and regulations in practice □ 3 Understands most of the concepts including inventory control, financial decision-making, the importance of being sensitive to personnel management issues, responsibilities of health professionals and the role of marketing in pharmacy practice. Possesses basic knowledge and understanding of the dispensing system Requires occasional prompting to utilize onsite technology Requires occasional assistance in applying pharmacy law and regulations to practice □ 4 Understands concepts including inventory control, financial decision-making, the importance of being sensitive to personnel management issues, responsibilities of health professionals, and the role of marketing in pharmacy practice. Possesses knowledge and understanding of the dispensing system Utilizes onsite technology with minimal assistance Needs minimal assistance with applying pharmacy laws and regulations to practice □ 5 Understands concepts and displays a detailed understanding about inventory control, financial decision-making, the importance of being sensitive to personnel management issues, responsibilities of health professionals, and the role of marketing in pharmacy practice. Possesses knowledge and understanding of the dispensing system and is able to troubleshoot problems Able to fully utilize onsite technology Applies pharmacy law and regulations to practice □ n/a Comments 23 Medication Use Systems Medication Use Evaluation Midpt Final □ 1 Unaware of the pharmacy or institution’s formulary policy Does not participate in the pharmacy or institution’s reporting of medication errors, ADR’s and DUE’s. Unaware of and unable to apply principles of outcomes research, pharmacoeconomics, and quality assessment to provision or evaluation of patient care □ 2 Understands some of the pharmacy or institution’s formulary policy Sometimes participates in the pharmacy or institution’s reporting of medication errors, ADR’s and DUE’s Aware of but unable to apply principles of outcomes research, pharmacoeconomics, and quality assessment to provision or evaluation of patient care . □ 3 Understands most of the pharmacy or institution’s formulary policy Participates in the pharmacy or institution’s reporting of medication errors, ADR’s and DUE’s. Aware of and sometimes applies principles of outcomes research, pharmacoeconomics, and quality assessment to provision or evaluation of patient care □ 4 Comprehends the pharmacy or institution’s formulary policy Independently participates in the pharmacy or institution’s reporting of medication errors, ADR’s and DUE’s Usually applies principles of outcomes research, pharmacoeconomics, and quality assessment to provision or evaluation of patient care □5 Comprehends and utilizes the pharmacy or institution’s formulary policy Independently participates in the pharmacy or institution’s reporting of medication errors, ADR’s and DUE’s and can interpret data Consistently applies principles of outcomes research, pharmacoeconomics, and quality assessment to provision or evaluation of patient care □ n/a Comments 24 Pharmaceutical Dispensing Dispensing and Compounding Midpt Final □ 1 Makes errors in dispensing prescriptions. Fails to obtain necessary information to evaluate prescriptions Unable to accurately calculate and measure quantities of ingredients Lacks sufficient skills to compound prescriptions □ 2 Makes occasional errors in dispensing prescriptions. Misses important information necessary to evaluate prescriptions Makes mistakes in calculating and measuring quantities of ingredients Has difficulty compounding prescriptions □ 3 Accurately and safely dispenses prescriptions. Obtains some relevant information necessary to evaluate prescriptions Can accurately calculate and measure quantities of ingredients Has sufficient skills to compound prescriptions but requires continuous pharmacist guidance □ 4 Accurately and safely dispenses prescriptions. Identifies relevant information to evaluate prescriptions Can accurately calculate and measure quantities of ingredients and identifies incompatibilities Prepares compounded prescriptions accurately with some pharmacist guidance □5 Accurately, safely, and efficiently dispenses prescriptions. Obtains all relevant information to evaluate prescriptions Can accurately calculate and measure quantities of ingredients, identifies incompatibilities and resolves incompatibilities Prepares compounded prescriptions accurately and independently. Prepares an aesthetically appropriate product □ n/a □ 5 Consistently identifies opportunities for patient health promotion tailoring to specific patient needs Counsels patients regarding wellness and health behaviors specific to individual needs Information provided is accurate, appropriate, and complete □ n/a Comments Public Health Health Promotion/ Disease Prevention Midpt Final □1 Shallow knowledge of areas for patient health promotion Fails to identify opportunities and makes no attempt to promote wellness and health behaviors when talking with patients Information provided is constantly inaccurate, inappropriate, or incomplete □ 2 Occasionally identifies opportunities for patient health promotion Makes little attempt to counsel patients regarding wellness and health behaviors Information provided is sometimes inaccurate, inappropriate, or incomplete □ 3 Usually identifies opportunities for patient health promotion Usually attempts to counsel patients regarding wellness and health behaviors Information provided is accurate and appropriate but may be incomplete □ 4 Consistently identifies opportunities for patient health promotion Counsels patients regarding wellness and health behaviors Information provided is accurate, appropriate, and generally complete Comments 25 Professional Communication Patient Counseling and Drug Information Skills Midpt Final Communication Skills Midpt Final □1 Unable to counsel patient and/or provides incorrect information Unable to accurately identify the requestor’s need Does not select source of information appropriate for situation or does not interpret literature or information correctly; does not seek guidance Response formulated is incomplete or unacceptable □1 Written work is poorly organized and incomplete Does not listen Does not make eye contact, unable to answer questions Displays inappropriate nonverbal communication □ 2 Counsels patient but requires significant interventions from preceptor Has poor understanding of requestor’s need Retrieval of information is not thorough and review of information is incomplete, needs much guidance Response formulated must be redone for acceptability □ 3 Effectively counsels patient with minimal interventions from preceptor Has fair understanding of requestor’s need Appropriately researches most literature needed, needs some guidance Response formulated needs revision for acceptability □ 4 Effectively counsels patient without interventions from preceptor Asks appropriate questions to requestor to determine requestor’s information need Identifies source of information suitable for situation and appropriately researches all the literature needed with little guidance Delivers well organized response with minor revisions □ 5 Effectively counsels patient without interventions. Counseling is well organized and patient specific Understands requestor’s need, elicits new information from the requestor, and confirms information with requestor Timely identification of information and appropriate retrieval and interpretation of information with no guidance Effectively delivers information in a well organized response and method appropriate for situation with no revisions necessary □ 2 Incomplete or excessive information presented. Written work has spelling or grammatical errors; rewrite required Listens but is easily distracted or is inattentive Speaks unclearly, is disorganized, mumbles or uses incorrect terminology; is apprehensive, lacks assertiveness Occasionally displays inappropriate nonverbal communication □ 3 Information is generally complete. Student needs assistance with data organization or appropriate wording. Occasional rewrites needed Listens but is sometimes distracted Is clear and organized with speech but does not probe for questions or misunderstandings Displays appropriate nonverbal communication □ 4 Information is complete, concise and well organized. Uses appropriate medical terminology. No grammatical or spelling errors. Listens attentively Is clear and organized with speech. Probes for questions and misunderstandings Displays appropriate nonverbal communication □ 5 Exceptional ability to organize information into concise format. Is flexible in adapting writing style to different formats. Excellent medical terminology and grammar that meet standards for publication quality Actively listens and clarifies information Is clear and organized with speech and is assertive. Probes for questions and misunderstandings. Becomes an essential team member. Displays appropriate nonverbal communication Comments 26 Professionalism and Accountability Professional Behavior Midpt □ 2 Initiates activity only on request, follows through on questions only when pressured, attempts to set priorities, avoids accepting responsibility. Does not complete assignments on time Inconsistently demonstrates sensitivity for patient confidentiality Occasional regard for patient’s well-being. Occasionally arrives late or leaves early Reluctantly accepts feedback, but does not change behavior □ 3 Meets requirement of the experience and occasionally volunteers for additional duties. Assignments are completed on time. Shows proper motivation in work and accepts responsibility when asked. Usually shows regard for the well-being of patient, maintains patient confidentiality Arrives on time and does not leave until basic responsibilities are met Responds to feedback and usually alters behavior □ 4 Asks questions freely, finds answers on his/her own, assignments are promptly completed. Effective time management and priority setting. Seeks responsibility for various facets of patient care. Always shows regard for the well-being of the patient as a priority. Maintains patient confidentiality Arrives on time and willing to volunteer additional time for projects and patient care activities Solicits feedback on performance and usually modifies behavior to improve performance □ 5 Uses down time soliciting questions, researches related areas. Assignments thoroughly completed. Excellent time management skills and priority setting. Always demonstrates initiative in seeking responsibility for various facets of patient care. Always shows regard for the patient’s well-being and makes it a priority. Arrives on time. Often arrives early & stays late. Develops studentinitiated projects. Solicits feedback and consistently modifies behavior to improve performance. □1 Does not understand the pharmacist’s code of ethics and therefore is unable to utilize it consistently Does not recognize and/or respect patients’ socioeconomic, religious, cultural, and moral concerns and/or value systems Does not display empathy when appropriate for the situation □ 2 Occasionally acts in accordance with the pharmacist’s code of ethics Inconsistently recognizes and/or respect patients’ socioeconomic, religious, cultural, and moral concerns and/or value systems Occasionally displays empathy when appropriate for the situation □ 3 Generally uses the pharmacist’s code of ethics in professional interactions Often recognizes and respects patients’ socioeconomic, religious, cultural, and moral concerns and/or value systems Displays empathy appropriate to the situation □ 4 Utilizes the pharmacist’s code of ethics consistently in all professional interactions Consistently recognizes and respects patients’ socioeconomic, religious, cultural, and moral concerns and/or value systems Displays empathy appropriate to the situation □ 5 Utilizes and has an in depth understanding of the pharmacist’s code of ethics Consistently recognizes, respects, and makes accommodations for patients’ socioeconomic, religious, cultural, and moral concerns and/or value systems Displays empathy appropriate to the situation Final Social and Ethical Awareness Midpt □1 Unable to set priorities or manage time. Does not complete assignment, Lacks motivation No regard for patient’s well-being. Breaches confidentiality. Arrives late or leaves early. At least one unexcused absence Ignores or resents feedback and does not change professional behavior Final Comments 27 Additional Competencies (write in your own rotation-specific competencies below if desired) Competency 1: Midpt □1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 □1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □ 5 Final Comments Competency 2: Midpt Final Comments ______ hours of time unrelated to College events were missed and not made up by conclusion of the rotation month. Midpoint Evaluation Date: Preceptor signature: Student signature: Final Evaluation Date: Preceptor signature: Student signature: This evaluation form was adapted from the University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy. 28