Download Nervous System Coloring Activities Question Sheet

Overview of the Urinary System Coloring Activities Question Sheet
Assignment: Read the overview on the Coloring Activity and color when instructed to do
so. Then answer the questions below.
1. The excretory system is involved with the elimination of the waste products of _cell_
metabolism. It also regulates the _water_ & _salt_content of the body.
2. The major organs of the system include the two__kidneys__through which blood is
filtered, the two__ureters_which transport the filtrate to the _urinary bladder_ and
eventually the_urethra_, which takes the filtrate to external environment.
3. Helping to maintain the shape of the kidney is a fibrous membrane called the _capsule_.
4. In the frontal section you are working with there are two distinct regions; the _renal
cortex_which is the more superficial of the two regions and the _renal medulla__which lies
deeper.
5. Within the renal medulla lie the cone-shaped masses known as the renal _pyramids_.
6. The medial side of the kidney is concaved with a large cleft called the _hilus_.
Blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels and the ureter pass through this hilus or hilum.
7.The ureter expands to form a funnel-shaped sac called the renal_pelvis_. This subdivides
into the major and minor_calyces_. The minor calyces collect the urine from the collecting
tubules leading from the_nephrons_.
8. The million or so__nephrons_in each kidney are the independent units that filter the
blood and produce urine. They perform three functions:_filtration, reabsorption_
& _secretion_.
9. The renal_artery_brings unfiltered blood into the kidney while the renal __vein_ removes
the filtered blood.
10. The renal artery narrows into__afferent_arterioles and into a tuft of capillaries called
the_glomerulus_.
11. The basic structure of each nephron consists of the renal corpuscle. This structure
consists of the cup-like opening to the nephron called the_Bowman’s capsule_ that
surrounds the glomerulus, a proximal_convoluted tubule__, a decending and ascending limb
of what is called the loop of_Henle_, a distal_convoluted tubule_ and a collecting duct_.
12. Each nephron has three major functions: glomeruler__filtration, tubular
__reabsorption_ & tubular secretion_.
13. As blood is filtered in the glomerulus, _water_, ions, _urea_, _glucose_, and uric acid
are filtered out. Red blood cells and plasma proteins are not filtered. (See p. 460-465 in
text).
14. The filtration rate is directly affected by _blood_ pressure inside the glomerular
capillaries, hydrostatic and osmotic pressure of the plasma in the capsule. The collective
pressure forcing substances out of the glomerulus is known as the net_filtration pressure_.
15. Tubular_reabsorption_is the process by which filtered substances are returned to the
blood stream. These materials must pass through the epithelial walls of the tubules into the
interstitial fluid and finally through the capillary walls. The processes that allow this
movement are__osmosis_, simple_diffusion_ and various forms of _active transport_.
16. In tubular_secretion__some substances are moved from the peritubular capillary
surrounding the nephron tubules and back into the filtrate of the tubules. The amount
filtered out may exceed the amount filtered at the glomerulus. Both active and passive
_transport_are involved with moving these substances back into the tubules.
Make a list of the substances reabsorbed back into the blood and secreted back to the
tubules.
(See p. 465 in text)
Substances reabsorbed
Substances Secreted
__glucose_______
____penicillin__
__water___
____histamine___
__creatine_____
____phenobarbitol___
__amino acids____
____hydrogen ions_
__lactic acid______
____ammonia_
__citric acid______
____potassium__
__uric acid_______
__phosphate_____
__sulfate________
__calcium_______
__potassium____
__sodium_____