Download Work Session II Eastern Europe A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE Eastern

Work Session II
Eastern Europe
A HUMAN PERSPECTIVE Eastern Europe has many plains that allow
invaders to move from east to west and vice versa. In World War II,
Germany invaded the Communist Soviet Union, killing millions. After
the war, the Soviet Union decided to protect itself from invasion by setting
up a political barrier. So it established Communist governments in
the nations of Eastern Europe, which lay between the Soviet Union and
its enemies to the west. Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin wanted Eastern
Europe to “have governments whose relations to the Soviet Union are
loyal.” For decades, the Soviet Union crushed political reform and free
trade in Eastern Europe. The region is still recovering.
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/25292-the-soviet-union-chronicles-the-iron-curtain-video.htm
1. What does the video state is the type of government established by the Soviet Union in the
countries behind the Iron Curtain?
A Democracy
B Republic
C Satellite
D All
E None
2. The “Red Army” is from what country?
A Soviet Union
B. Poland
C Czechoslovakia
D All
E None
3. What physical geographic feature has been a cause for Eastern Europe
to be invaded east to west and vice versa?
A Rivers
B Mountains
C Plains
D All
E None
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/16132-1954-refugees-from-behind-the-iron-curtainvideo.htm
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/16535-1965-berlin-escape-video.htm
History of a Cultural Crossroads
Eastern Europe’s location between Asia and the rest of Europe shaped its
history. Many groups migrated into the region, creating great diversity.
Strong empires ruled parts of Eastern Europe, delaying the rise of independent
nation-states there. Today the region includes Albania, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary,
Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Yugoslavia.
CULTURES MEET Eastern Europe is a cultural crossroads, or a place
where various cultures cross paths. Since ancient times, people moving
between Europe and Asia—traders, nomads, migrants, and armies—
have passed through this region. Because the region is an important
crossroads, many world powers have tried to control it.
4. The term “Crossroads” as used in the above passage is an example of”
A Metaphor
B Simile
C Analogy
D All
E None
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tzin0L3yNzk
5. Using the above timeline, match the leader with the country: Josip Broz Titio.
A. Austria
B. Russia
C. Ottoman Empire
D. Yugoslavia
E. None
6. Using the above timeline, match the leader with the country: Catherine the Great
F. Austria
G. Russia
H. Ottoman Empire
I. Yugoslavia
J. None
7. Using the above timeline, match the leader with the country: Archduke Francis Ferdinand
K. Austria
L. Russia
M. Ottoman Empire
N. Yugoslavia
O. None
8. Using the above timeline, match the leader with the country: Sulelman I
P. Austria
Q. Russia
R. Ottoman Empire
S. Yugoslavia
T. None
9. Using the above timeline, what was the cause of World War I?
A Communist governments are set up in Eastern Europe
B A Serb kills Arch Duke Ferdinand of Austria
C Germany overruns Poland
D All
E None
EMPIRES AND KINGDOMS By about A.D. 100, ancient Rome held the
Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria, Romania, and parts of Hungary. After the
Roman Empire was split, the Byzantine Empire held onto those lands
for centuries. In the 1300s and 1400s, the Ottoman Empire of Turkey
(see Unit 7) gradually took over the southern part of Eastern Europe.
Various Slavic groups moved into Eastern Europe from the 400s
through the 600s. Several kingdoms, such as Poland in the north and
Serbia on the Balkan Peninsula, formed. In the late 800s, a non-Slavic
group called the Magyars swept into what is now Hungary and in time
established a kingdom. The Ottomans later conquered it.
Beginning in the 1400s, the nation of Austria became a great power.
Austria drove the Ottomans out of Hungary and took control of that
state. In the late 1700s, Austria, Prussia (a German state), and Russia
divided up Poland among themselves. Poland ceased to exist.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfpg9unh_Fs
10. Put the following in date order from oldest to newest:
Roman Empire; Poland ceases to exist; Byzantine Empire, Ottoman Empire of Turkey
A Roman Empire; Poland ceases to exist; Byzantine Empire, Ottoman Empire of Turkey
B Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Ottoman Empire of Turkey, Poland ceases to exist
C Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire of Turkey, Poland ceases to exist, Byzantine Empire
D None
Turmoil in the 20th Century
Responding to centuries of foreign rule, most ethnic groups in Eastern
Europe fiercely guarded their identities. Many wanted their own nationstates,
even though few had a history of self-rule. These characteristics
sparked many conflicts in Eastern Europe during the 20th century.
11. What was the cause of Eastern Europe fiercely guarding their identity?
A History of self rule
B Centuries of foreign rule
C Many conflicts
D All
E None
WAR AFTER WAR By 1908, the Balkan nations of Bulgaria, Greece,
Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia had broken free from the Ottoman
Empire. In 1912, Greece, Bulgaria, and Serbia went to war against the
Ottomans, who lost most of their remaining European territory. In
1913, the Balkan countries fought over who should own that territory.
Their actions led to a new word, balkanization. The term refers to the
process of a region breaking up into small, mutually hostile units.
The Slavic nation of Serbia also wanted to free the Slavs in AustriaHungary. In 1914, a Serb assassinated an Austrian noble, sparking
World War I. Austria-Hungary and Serbia each pulled their allies into
the conflict until most of Europe was involved. After the war, Austria
and Hungary split apart. Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and
Yugoslavia gained independence. The Ottoman Empire ended and was
replaced by the nation of Turkey
12. What phrase below best describes the term balkanization?
A Peninsula in Eastern Europe
B. War after War
C Breaking up of a region into small hostile units
D All
E None
13. The state of Turkey was formerly called?
A Byzantine Empire
B Ottoman Empire
C Roman Empire
In 1939, Germany seized Poland, starting World War II. Near the end
of that war, the Soviet Union advanced through Eastern Europe as part
of an Allied strategy to crush Germany from two sides. The Soviet
Union later refused to withdraw from Eastern Europe until it had set
up Communist governments there. Eastern Europe became a region of
satellite nations—nations dominated by another country.
RECENT CHANGES The Soviet Union controlled Eastern Europe for
four decades. But by the late 1980s, the Soviet Union had severe economic
problems, and a new leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, was making
reforms. As one reform, he gave Eastern Europe more freedom.
The impact was dramatic. Eastern Europeans demanded political and
economic reforms. In 1989, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and
Romania ended Communist control of their governments and held free
elections. In 1990, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia followed suit.
Instability followed. The old governments had taught people to be
loyal only to the Communist Party. After those governments fell,
people returned to ethnic loyalties. That was especially true in Yugoslavia, a
nation consisting of six republics. In the early 1990s, four of the six
Yugoslav republics voted to become separate states. Serbia objected,
leading to civil war. (See Chapter 14 for details.) In contrast,
Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
14. What were the effects of Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms?
A Eastern Europe demanded political and economic reforms
B Many countries ended communist rule
C Many people returned to their ethnic loyalties
D All
E None
15. What were the communist states of Eastern Europe in 1948 called?
A Satellite states
B Orbiting states
C Launching states
D All
E None
16. What was the term used to describe the dividing line between the communist and non-communist
countries ?
A Brass curtain
B Bamboo curtain
C Iron Curtain
D All
E None.