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Animal Notes: Kingdom Animalia Characteristics of Animals Domain ________________________ Kingdom _____________________ ___________cellular Heterotrophs (__________________________) ____________ cell walls Have ___________________________respond to environment - ____________________ Locomotion = ability to ___________________ Most develop from a zygote Single layer of cells surround fluid-filled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a gastrula. Body Plans : Symmetry Animals that are _______________________________________are asymmetrical. Animals that are _________________________________ are symmetrical. Animal has radial symmetry if it can be_____________________________________, through a central axis, into equal halves. Animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be _____________________________________ into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other. Not all animals have a skeleton but some have: Exoskeletons: hard, ________________________________________________________ protecting internal organs, providing framework for support, and places for muscle attachment. Endoskeletons: support _______________________________________________protecting some organs and a bracing for muscles to pull against. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Invertebrates _ __ main phyla ___ backbones 1: Phylum Porifera: ________________________ __________________form of animal life live in ___________ _______________________ around - sessile ____% of all animals are on this group no ______________________ _____________ (__________) all over body Filter Feeders ________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2: Phylum Cnidaria: ________fish, _____________, sea anemones, and corals __________________ shapes: Medusa - like a jellyfish, Polyp - like a hydra Live in ____________ catch food with ______________________ Most have ____________________ gut for _______________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3: Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms - Planarians, Tapeworms Flat, ribbon-like ______________ Live in water or are _____________________ Bilateral _________________ Some parasites - tapeworm ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4: Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms, hookworm, trichilella ______________, tubular body ______________or microscopic bilateral ___________________ have both __________________________ Live in water or are __________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5: Phylum Mollusca __________________: snails, squid, clams Soft __________________ Hard __________________ Live on land or in ________________ have a circulatory system and a____________ nervous system. Important ___________________ for humans Class Gastropoda: stomach-footed -_______________________________________, may have 1 shell: snails slugs Class Cephalopods :“head foot” , _____________________________________________, squids and octopuses Class Bivalvia: Two shells __________________________________________- clams, oysters, scallops and mussels 6: Phylum Annelida - Segmented worms: Earthworms, Bristleworms, Leeches *Body divided into ________(sections) *Live in_____________________ *have___________&_____________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Earthworms: _________________and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil Leeches: parasites that _________________________________of other animals ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Phylum Echinodermata “Spiney Skin” seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber Hard, ____________________ Live in _______________________ Radial ____________________ _______________________skeleton ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Phylum Arthropoda Most _____________________________group of organisms on earth (3 sub-phylums) Body divided into _______________________ ___________________ legs ________skeleton well developed nervous system Classified into classes according to the number of ________,____________ and ________________ they have. Subphylum Chilicerata : divided into 3 classes: Arachnida, Merostomata, Pycnogonida Class Arachnida: spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks ___ antennae ____ pairs of legs _____ body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen Class Merostomata: Horseshoe crabs ______________group of species Changed _______________ over 350 million years _________________, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States. Class Pycnogonida: Sea spider Subphylum Crustacea : Aquatic ones have ___________ __ antennae ___ body regions or segmented Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods Subphylum Uniramia : 3 classes: Insecta, Diplopoda, Chilopoda Class Insecta: grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees __________ antennae ___ pairs of legs ___ body regions - head, thorax & abdomen Class Diplopoda : Millipedes _______________animals Have __ pairs of legs per segment Primarily ___________________ & _______________________ Class Chiopoda: Centipedes Usually _____________________ ___________________ Have __ pair of antennae Are often________________________, using modified front claws to immobilize prey Anatomy of an Ant Notes: Kingdom Animalia Characteristics of Animals Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Heterotrophs (consumers) Lack cell walls Have nervous systems - respond to environment - homeostasis Locomotion = ability to obtain food Most develop from a zygote Single layer of cells surround fluid-filled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a gastrula. Body Plans : Symmetry Animals that are irregular in shape are asymmetrical. Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical. Animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves. Animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other. Invertebrates 8 main phyla 1: Phylum Porifera: Sponges simplest form of animal life live in water Do not move around No backbones 95% of all animals are on this group no symmetry Pores (holes) all over body Filter Feeders ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2: Phylum Cnidaria: Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals 2 different shapes: Medusa - like a jellyfish, Polyp - like a hydra Live in water catch food with stinging cells Most have tentacles gut for digesting ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3: Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms - Planarians, Tapeworms Flat, ribbon-like body Live in water or are parasites Bilateral symmetry Some parasites - tapeworm ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4: Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms, hookworm, trichilella Round, tubular body small or microscopic bilateral symmetry have both a mouth and anus Live in water or are parasites ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5: Phylum Mollusca Mollusks: snails, squid, clams Soft bodies Hard Shells Live on land or in water have a circulatory system and a complex nervous system. Important food source for humans Class Gastropoda: stomach-footed - move on stomach, may have 1 shell snails slugs Class Cephalopods :“head foot” , internal mantel, squids and octopuses Class Bivalvia: Two shells hinged together - clams, oysters, scallops and mussels 6: Phylum Annelida - Segmented worms: Earthworms, Bristleworms, Leeches *Body divided into segments(sections) *Live in water or underground *have nervous and circulatory system ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Earthworms: eat soil and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil Leeches: parasites that feed on blood of other animals ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Phylum Echinodermata “Spiney Skin” seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber Hard, spiny skin Live in salt water Radial symmetry endoskeleton ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Phylum Arthropoda Most successful and largest group of organisms on earth (3 sub-phylums) Body divided into sections/segments Jointed legs Exoskeleton well developed nervous system Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and antennae they have. Subphylum Chilicerata : divided into 3 classes: Arachnida, Merostomata, Pycnogonida Class Arachnida: spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks no antennae 4 pairs of legs 2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen Class Merostomata: Horseshoe crabs Ancient group of species Changed little over 350 million years Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States. Class Pycnogonida: Sea spider Subphylum Crustacea : Aquatic ones have gills 2 antennae 2 body regions or segmented Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods Subphylum Uniramia : 3 classes: Insecta, Diplopoda, Chilopoda Class Insecta: grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees paired antennae 3 pairs of legs 2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen Class Diplopoda : Millipedes segmented animals Have 2 pairs of legs per segment Primarily herbivores & decomposers Class Chiopoda: Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores Have 1 pair of antennae Are often poisonous, using modified front claws to immobilize prey