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PHUN WITH PHOTOSYNTHESIS CH. 8 STUDENT Lecture Troph= _____________ Auto= _____________ All living things need energy. For heterotrophs, (animals, fungus, bacteria) they must consume food to get energy. For autotrophs, (plants), they receive this energy from the sun. All _____________ ultimately get their energy from_____________ . Chemical energy ATP pg. 202 There are several types pf energy. List some: Breaking molecules bonds release chemical energy ATP- adenosine tri-phosphate ADP- adenosine di-phosphate When a cell gets energy from food it adds one other phosphate to ADP, which becomes ATP. Later the cell may _____________the phosphate to release the energy to grow, move divide, and contract. One ATP molecule can move 3 Na+ into and 2 K+ ions out if a cell, via a channel protein Most cells have only small amounts of ATP, enough or a few_____________ , stored. This is not much energy. Photosynthesis 8.2 Question: if matter cannot be gained or lost, just transferred, how does a seed end up massing several tons of a tree? It doesn’t “eat” and water doesn’t mass that much. 5 year experiment: Van Helmont thought dirt is what caused the tree to grow. 1. Plant seed 2. Mass soil 3. Water weekly- for 5 years 4. Mass plant 5. Mass dirt Result: Dirt was _________ mass, plant mass increased to 25 kg. Priestley’s Candle light plant experiment. Infenhousz Light Candle Experiment Pastor Priestley put a candle in a closed jar and watched the candle burn out. He stated that some substance inside the jar was used up and that is why the candle went out. (We know that substance was oxygen). He later added a plant sprig to the jar and the candle burned for _______________. He concluded the plant added the substance (_____________) that the fire needed to burn. Ingenhousz light- candle- plant experiment same procedure as Priestley, but put the candle/plant in the light and dark. Only in the _____________did the candle- plant jar stay lit longer. Findings: VanHelmont: Candle needs substance to burn Priestley: Plants provide that substance Ingenhousz: Only plants in the sun provide that substance Put together: plants use CO2 (from burning candle) and ________ to create substance (oxygen) for the candle to burn. Photosynthesis equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 The pigment chlorophyll found in the chloroplast, _____________ all the wavelengths of light except _______________. It reflects green. It doesn’t need the 525 to 575 nm of wavelength energy. (207) There are two types of chlorophyll: A and B. Chlorophyll a is stimulated by red and violet wavelengths, where b is stimulated by blues and red- oranges. Each color wavelength has a slightly different level of_____________. Many plants have varying colors as fall approaches. This is due to the break down of chlorophyll. Photosynthetic stages: Light Dependent and light Independent Sunlight or full spectrum grow light bulbs, are needed for the light dependent stage of photosynthesis light dependant reactions take place in the thylakoids (208) stacks 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Water enters the _____________ Enzymes break the water molecule oxygen and gas from the water leaves the chloroplast and the 2H atoms are kept the single electron from each hydrogen is reacting with the ___________ energy the electron is stripped off and transported to the stroma ( liquid in the Chloroplast) by attaching to an NADPH molecule Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP+ holds high energy electrons. Now the molecule is NADPH. Review 1. What is needed for the light dependent reaction? 2. What is need for the light independent Calvin cycle? Photosystem II in thylakoids (discovered after P.S. I, even though it comes before I) 1. 2. 3. 4. Absorbs energy from light Electron stripped from hydrogen absorbs this energy Electrons move along cell membrane of the thylakoids- called electrons transport chain The H+ ions (now stripped from the electron) travel through a channel protein, and reacts with an enzyme ATP synthase. ATP is produced. 5. As electrons travel along the ETC, they travel through to a different transport protein to bind with the NADP+ molecule. This is Photosystem I. Review 1. Where do light dependant reactions occur? 2. Where is water broken down? 3. How is ATP produced? 4. How NADPH produced? ATP and NADH can only store energy for a few minutes. The Calvin cycle produces sugar (glucose) which stores energy. CALVIN CYCLE 1. 6CO2 molecules enter stroma and are attached to 6- 5carbon molecules. ATP is needed to make this reaction happen. 6CO2 + 6C5+ energy 12C3 molecules 2. 2 of the 3 carbon molecules combine to form a sugar (C6 molecule). The other 10 C3 molecules are converted back to 6C5 molecules to restart the cycle. This releases energy. Three Factors affecting Photosynthesis 1. Lack of ______________affects photosynthesis 2. __________________ affects photosynthesis 3. _______________________ intensity affects photosynthesis The Calvin Cycle Glucose C6H12O6