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Download The Cold War GH2/Napp Do Now: “The Cold War (September 2
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The Cold War GH2/Napp Do Now: “The Cold War (September 2, 1945 - December 25, 1991) was the conflict between the United States and its NATO allies - loosely described as the West - and the former Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies - loosely described as the Eastern Bloc. A full-scale ‘east versus west’ war never actually broke out, hence the metaphor of a "cold" war, rather than a ‘hot’ shooting war. Instead, the conflict was fought primarily on economic, philosophic, cultural, social, and political levels. It continued from the end of World War II until the breakup of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s.” What was the Cold War? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Notes: I. The End of World War II A. The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. were the only militarily strong nations at the end of war 1- Emerged as superpowers B. But had different ideologies 1- U.S. favored democracy and free markets 2- U.S.S.R. favored communism C. Soviets wanted to spread communism 1- Created communist regimes in Eastern Europe a) Created an “Iron Curtain” D. Containment 1- U.S.A. wanted to contain communism (stop the spread of communism) 2- Marshall Plan a) U.S. gave aid to rebuild Europe E. Led to an arms race (race for weapons) F. Led to conflicts 1- One of earliest conflicts in Germany after World War II a) Divided into West and East Germany b) Berlin divided 1. West Berlin in East Germany 2. Soviets blockaded West Berlin (1948-1949) a. Blockaded roads and rails b. Failed due to Allied airlift Questions: 1- What nations were the only militarily strong nations at the end of World War II? 2- Define superpower. 3- How were the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R. different? 4- Why did these differences cause conflict between the nations? 5- What did the Soviets want to do after World War II? 6- What did the Americans want to do after World War II? 7- Define containment. 8- Why did the Americans want to contain communism? 9- What was the Marshall Plan? 10- What was the arms race? 11- Why was a wall built in Berlin? 12- What was the Berlin Blockade? After the Second World War, the United States and the Soviet Union were the only militarily strong nations. As a result, these nations became the world’s superpowers. However, these nations differed greatly in terms of ideology. The United States supported democracy and free markets. While the Soviets advocated central planning or a command economy. In addition, the Soviets encouraged the abolition of private property and social class. The Soviet Union wanted to spread communism to other nations while the United States was committed to containing or preventing communism from spreading. Questions: 1: Why were the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R the world’s superpowers after WWII? _______________________________________ 2: How did the ideologies of these nations differ? _______________________________________ 3: Why were Americans particularly frightened of the spread of communism? _______________________________________ 4: What did the Soviets want during the Cold War? _______________________________________ 5: Define the American policy of containment. _______________________________________ 6: What was the “Iron Curtain”? _______________________________________ 7: What was the Marshall Plan? _______________________________________ 8: How did the Marshall Plan help to stop the spread of communism? _______________________________________ Of course, as the nations of Western Europe were economically destroyed after World War II, communism greatly appealed to some Europeans. In addition, Soviet troops had occupied Eastern Europe and created communist regimes friendly to the Soviet Union. To combat the spread of communism and to address the “Iron Curtain” that had descended upon Eastern Europe, the United States created the Marshall Plan, a plan to provide economic aid to all nations of Europe. The Soviets and their satellite nations refused this aid. 1. The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to (1) restore Japanese economic development (2) provide military aid to Middle Eastern allies (3) assure nationalist success in the Chinese civil war (4) provide for economic recovery in Western Europe 2. The Truman Doctrine, Korean War, crisis in Guatemala, and Soviet invasion of Afghanistan were all (1) reasons for the Industrial Revolution (2) examples of Japanese imperialism (3) events of the Cold War (4) causes of World War II 3. The political climate of the Cold War caused the world’s two superpowers to (1) cooperate in halting the spread of communism (2) colonize Africa and Asia (3) compete economically and militarily (4) protect human rights 4. • Berlin airlift • Cuban missile crisis • Nuclear arms race These events were part of an era known as the (1) Age of Imperialism (2) Scientific Revolution (3) Enlightenment (4) Cold War 6. • Creation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Warsaw Pact • Construction of the Berlin Wall • Cuban missile crisis These events are most closely associated with (1) World War I (2) World War II (3) the Cold War (4) the Persian Gulf War 7. One similarity between the Korean War and the Vietnam War is that both wars were (1) resolved through the diplomatic efforts of the United Nations (2) fought as a result of differing political ideologies during the Cold War (3) fought without foreign influence or assistance (4) caused by religious conflicts 8. Under communism in the former Soviet Union, people were required to (1) reject modern technology (2) limit the size of their families (3) honor their ancestors and religious traditions (4) put the interests of the state before individual gain 9. “Korea Divided at 38th Parallel” “Hungarian Revolution Crushed” “Missile Sites Spotted in Cuba” The events in these headlines contributed to the 5. Kim Jong Il and Fidel Castro are 21st- (1) development of peacetime alliances century (2) collapse of the Soviet Union leaders who believe in the ideas of (3) rejection of imperialism by Western (1) Karl Marx nations (2) Adam Smith (4) tensions between the superpowers (3) Siddhartha Gautama (4) Jean-Jacques Rousseau