Download Midterm Review Sheet Answers

Name
Midterm Study Guide
BioSci
The Basics (Chapter 1)
Biology
1. Biology is the study of _______Living organisms___________________________.
Metric System
2. Fill in the chart to identify the basic units in the metric system
To measure… Use…
Length
Meters
Volume
Liters
Mass
Grams
Scientific Method
3. Complete each step of the Scientific Method below:
a) State __the question_____or make an ____observation_______________
b) Gather__background information___________________________
c) Form _____Hypothesis_____________________________________
d) Test _______Hypothesis_______________________________
e) Collect and analyze ____Data______________________________
f) Draw ______Conclusion______________________________
*Retest the hypothesis*
4. What is a hypothesis?
A possible, testable, explanation
5. When is a conclusion made?
At the end of your experiment
6. Why do scientists use controlled experiments? So they have something to compare it to
**ONE Variable at a time!!!**
Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells
him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this this out
by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower
with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green
slime on either side of the shower.
7. Based on the experiment above, identify:
*Manipulated variable or independent variable -_____Coconut Juice___________________
*Responding variable or dependent variable-______Appearance of Slime____________
*Controlled variables – _________Side sprayed with water____________________________
*Hypothesis-(if, then statement) ___If the shower is sprayed with coconut juice, then
it will get rid of the slime_______
8. There are two types of data to collect: quantitative and
(numbers/amounts)
Use the graph to the right to answer the next three questions.
9. The manipulated/independent variable:
Month
10. The responding/dependent variable:
Number of critters
11. What can you conclude based on this data?
There is an increase in critters in the spring months
qualitative
(descriptions)
The Microscope
Use the word bank to label the parts of the microscope.
Coarse adjustment
Fine adjustment
Arm
Light source
Objective lens
Base
Stage clips
Eyepiece
Chemistry! (Chapter 3)
34. What is an enzyme? Speeds up the reaction
35. How can you recognize an enzyme?
Ends in “ase”
Acids and Bases
41. Bases contain Hydroxide OH-
ions
42. Acids contain Hydrogen H+
ions
ACID
H+ > OH-
pH _0___ to pH_6.9____
BASE
H+ < OH-
Neutral
pH __7____
pH _7.1____ to pH _14_____
43. What does a buffer do?
Balances out the pH.
Organic vs. Inorganic (molecules, not food)
44. Organic molecules/substances contain the element __Carbon___ (SUPER IMPORTANT!)
45. One exception:
CO2
46. Organic compounds can form
Polymers
(like how letters get organized into words)
47. The six most abundant elements found in all living organisms
Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorous Sulfur
48. Fill in the table below with descriptions and examples of the four organic biological
compounds of life:
Compound
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Description/Job
Contain C, H, and O; end in –
ose; necessary for energy; can be
used for structure
Waxy, oily; store energy, protect
organs, help nervous system
Examples
Breads, Grains, Starch, Fruit, Sugar
Butter, Milk, Oil
For structure, storage, transport,
enzymes, defense; made of
Muscle, Enzymes, Hair, Steak
amino acids
Used to transmit genetic
information
DNA, RNA
49. What are some differences between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats come from animals, have SINGLE bonds, are solid at room temperature, and are considered “bad
fats.” Unsaturated fats are oils, have DOUBLE bonds, generally liquid at room temperature, and are considered
“good fats.”
50. Make bigger organic molecules through _Dehydration Synthesis _____
--removing _Water______ to join molecules together
51. Make smaller organic molecules through __Hydrolysis ________
--adding _Water______________ to break molecules apart
Cells (Chapter 5)
52. Be able to identify and label the
organelles and structures in a plant cell
53. Which organelles are only found
in plant cells?
_Chloroplasts, Cell wall, large vacuole_
54. Know the function of the following
organelles:
o Cell Membrane
 Protects and supports cells
 Semi-permeable--regulates the flow of substances in/out of cell
 Made up of a phospholipid _bilayer (hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic Head )
 Proteins and Carbohydrates also play a role
o Cell Wall
 Provides structure and protection____ for a PLANT cell
 Made up of Cellulose________
 Surrounds cell membrane
o Nucleus
 Information center of the cell
 Contains genetic information (DNA)___
 Nucleolus--only function is to make _Ribosomes_________
o Cytoplasm
 Jelly like substance that contains the organelles
o Mitochondria
 Provides _Energy________ for cells
o Chloroplast
 Traps sunlight to make energy (Food) for plants___
 Found in __Plants____ ONLY
o Ribosome
 Make _Proteins______________
o Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Rough--synthesize proteins
 Smooth--detoxify cells and makes ________________
o Golgi Apparatus
 Collect, modify, package and distribute Proteins_________
o Lysosomes
 Break down things in cell (food, invaders, old organelles)
Movement Through the Cell Membrane
(selectively permeable)
55. Types of Passive transport – does not require energy
a) __Diffusion_______________
b) __Osmosis_______________
c) ___Facilitated Diffusion
56. Types of Active transport – requires energy
a) ___Membrane pumps_
b) __Endocytosis_______
c) __Exocytosis____________________
Know the difference between:
57.
Hypertonic: ______Moving out of the cell________
58.
Hypotonic: ____Moving into the cell _______
59.
Isotonic: ____Equal amount _________
60. Diffusion: molecules move from an area of _High____ concentration to an area of
_Low___ concentration
*NO ENERGY REQUIRED
61. Osmosis: movement of _water____ molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
--water moves from an area of High
water concentration (low solute
concentration) to an area of
Low
water concentration (high
solute concentration)
*NO ENERGY
REQUIRED
62. Facilitated Diffusion: use of a helper protein to move _Large_______ molecules across
the membrane
*NO ENERGY NEEDED
High Concentration
Low Concentration
63. Active Transport: allows materials to move from an area of _Low__ concentration to
_High_____concentration
***REQUIRES ENERGY***
GOING IN
Endocytosis
64. _Phagocytosis_____—large particle is engulfed by membrane and brought into cell
65. Pinocytosis--__Smaller particles brought into the cell membrane ____
GOING OUT
Exocytosis
--substances released by the membrane out of the cell
66. Explain what is happening in this diagram:
Water is moving from an area of low
concentration to an area of high
concentration.
67. Use the picture below to describe how a cell is like a city. Name at least 6 cell parts in
your description.
Water Tower: Central Vacuole
Post office: Golgi apparatus
Power Plant: Mitochondria
Solar Plant: Chloroplast
Town Hall: Nucleus
Processing and Shipping: Endoplasmic Reticulum
Street Cleaners: Lysosomes
City Boundaries: Cell Membrane
Concrete wall of impenetrability: Cell Wall
Chapter 6
68. Photosynthesis: ___Using light energy to make glucose and oxygen ______
69. --occurs in the ___Chloroplast_____________________________
KNOW THE FORMULA!!!!!
H2O
CO2
Light
(reactants)
C6H12O6
O2
(products)
70. Light Dependent Reaction:
--takes place in the _Thylakoid membrane____
71. Light Independent Reaction:
--takes place in the __Stroma__________
72. A pigment is: Reflects wavelengths of light
73. What are the only three things that are required to complete a light independent reaction?
CO2, ATP, NADPH
74. In the light dependent reaction, how to the electrons travel from photosystem II to
photosystem I?
Electron Transport System
78. Use the data table to draw a line graph. Make sure the numbers you use are consistent!! Include all
labels!!
Temperature of Syrup
Title: Temperature of Syrup over an hour
Temperature
(0C)
Time