Download Материалы для подготовки к сдаче экзамена по английскому

Материалы для подготовки к сдаче экзамена по английскому языку для студентов I курса лечебного
и медико-профилактического факультетов. 2011-2012 год /Составители: В.К.Колобаев, Т.А.Баева,
Е.М.Жаворонкова, Ю.А.Константинова. – СЗГМУ им. И.И.Мечникова
Раздел I
I. Укажите номера предложений, в которых сказуемое стоит в группе простых времен
1. Now much attention is paid to the study of different diseases.
2. The patient had to come to his polyclinic last week.
3. My friend cannot answer the question the teacher asked him.
4. Recently computer methods of diagnostics have been introduced to everyday practical work of policlinics.
5. The patient is being examined now to make definite diagnosis.
6. He has been told to follow strict regime of nutrition by his doctor in charge.
7. It is important to study the structure of plant and animal hormones.
8. Many factors show that smoking is a direct threat to health.
9. To do blood test was necessary to make differential diagnosis.
10. These patients avoid alcohol and smoking.
11. The members of our delegation are listening to the doctor with great attention.
12. The nurse had finished her work before the patient was admitted to the clinic.
13. The doctor does not know the cause of this disease.
14. The nurse left the ward after she had taken the patients’ temperature.
15. All the drugs are to be kept in special drug cabinets
16. The injection of the drug has just been made to normalize heart activity.
17. When examining a patient the doctor used a new method developed in the clinic.
18. The student being examined answered the question correctly.
19. It is important to study the origin and structure of plant and animal hormones.
20. Patients with gastric ulcer should avoid alcohol and smoking.
II. Укажите номера предложений, в которых глагол-сказуемое стоит в группе длительных времен
1. When the doctor came into the ward the nurse was already taking the patient’s temperature.
2. It was interesting to listen to the lecture on anatomy.
3. They have been studying the problem for more than four years already.
4. His being absent from the town did not allow him to make a planned visit to the surgeon.
5. A new hospital is being built not far from my home.
6. We have been working over this problem for several years but still we are far from its solution.
7. The examination paper is being checked at the moment.
8. When the doctor was examining a patient he used new equipment.
9. When examining a patient the doctor used a new method developed in our clinic.
10. At 5 o’clock tomorrow I’ll be listening to the lecture on new chemical pollutants and their effect on human
health.
11. The problem of new drug was being discussed at the conference for 2 days.
12. District nurses give skilled nursing care to people at home or elsewhere outside a hospital.
13. The surgeon is known to be operating on a patient now.
14. He had been writing the paper for 40 minutes when I came.
15. It was interesting to listen to his report.
16. She is planning to be a doctor.
17. There are signs of general state improving.
18. Whooping cough was once one of America’s leading child killers.
19. Cancer cells did not invade surrounding tissues.
20. My brother has been learning English for 3 years already.
21. The student being examined answered the question correctly.
22. The doctor was examining the patient when the nurse entered the ward.
23. My brother has been learning English for 3 years already.
24. The operation is being performed by the best surgeon in this clinic.
25. It was quite interesting to listen to this report presenting the results of the experiment.
III. Укажите номера предложений, в которых глагол-сказуемое стоит в группе завершенных времен
1. This method has never been used in clinical practice.
2. This grammar rule had to be used in translating this sentence into Russian.
3. The patient had been examined by the doctor before the results of his analyses were known.
4. This doctor has been working in the clinic for ten years already.
5. My friend has never been to Moscow
6. The doctor has been examining an X-ray film for several minutes already when somebody entered the room.
7. The experiment was said to have been finished several days ago.
8. The results of the study have been reported already.
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9. The nurse had met this condition in her practice before she began to work in this clinic.
10. The experiment could have been over already.
11. The doctor had been examining his patient for half an hour when the nurse entered the room.
12. This method has been developed in our clinic.
13. The operation is known to have been performed by our best surgeon.
14. The patients will have been examined by the doctor before the professor comes.
15. No cases of poliomyelitis have been reported in Finland during the last two decades.
16. Since the times of Hippocrates, fever has been recognized as a hallmark of disease.
17. The patient had had all the signs of acute hepatitis when he applied for the doctor’s help.
18. Thirty to sixty per cent of patients have no symptoms of the disease at the time of examination.
19. Interferon has the capacity to stop the development of some diseases in the human body.
20. He is known to have never been to London.
IV. Укажите номера предложений, в которых сказуемое стоит в группе завершенно-длительных
времен
1. It is true that important achievements in medicine have been made recently.
2. The scientist had been studying the effects of the drug on laboratory animals for a month already when he found
this article.
3. Vaccination being used in time, the disease did not affect many people in this area.
4. Having examined the patient the doctor prescribed him bed rest and a course of injections.
5. The student has been working over this problem for two weeks already.
6. Lungs are said to have been involved in the process.
7. The virus has been growing in culture medium for 2 days already.
8. Since you had to do the examination of the area two days ago you are to give me the report just now.
9. The study of this infection has been slowly progressing for the last 10 days.
10. The drug was being produced in our department from September 12 to November 30 last year
11. The neurologist having examined this patient did not find any pathology.
12. The patient’s parents are talking with the doctor in charge now
13. We have been performing our research for four months already
14. The drug having been tested on animals was recommended for clinical use.
15. The patient had been sleeping for two hours when the nurse came to give him the injection.
16. The students had been writing the test-paper for 40 minutes already when I came.
17. By the end of this year he will have been working in the Research Center for Pulmonology for 15 years already.
18. Having examined the patient the doctor prescribed him bed rest and a course of injections.
19. The patient had been operated on by 12 o’clock yesterday.
20. The patient had been examined for the presence of staphylococci in his blood before the therapy was begun.
V. Укажите номера предложений, в которых глагол-сказуемое стоит в страдательном залоге
1. This nurse had to be on duty two days ago.
2. The patient is being looked after by an experienced nurse.
3. Blood and urine tests will be made at the clinical laboratory of the surgical department.
4. Weakness, sweating and fatigue may be symptoms of several diseases.
5. The patient will have been operated on by 12 o’clock tomorrow.
7. It was found that nucleus is the control center of eukaryotes.
8. The drug had to be taken 2 times a day.
9. The experiment had been finished before the head of the laboratory came.
10. I wanted my patient to be examined by a surgeon.
11. Several students are known to take part in this work.
12. In man, food entering the mouth is broken down by teeth.
13. The lecture on muscles will be delivered to the students of our group next week.
14. This nurse was on duty two days ago.
15. The patient was being operated for 2 hours.
16. The symptoms of many infectious diseases may be mild at the beginning.
17. This method is widely used in surgical practice.
18. The operation is being performed by the best of our surgeons.
19. The pain has been getting much worse since the morning.
20. The patient was being read a book when the visitor came.
21. The problem to be studied is very important for clinical medicine.
22. The actual cause of tuberculosis was discovered by Robert Koch.
23. The diagnosis of influenza will be made clinically.
24. Being completely treated the patient left the hospital.
25. The operation will be performed by the best of our surgeons.
26. The professor supposed the drug to be effective.
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27. The doctor examined the patient, felt his pulse and took his temperature.
28. The chief physician was making daily round of wards when he was called on the phone.
29. My brother has been learning English for 3 years already.
30. The drug was being produced in our laboratory for the last two years.
31. Nothing is to be done.
32. The patient admitted to the clinic early in the morning is being examined now by the doctor on duty.
33. The drug used by the doctor produced a very beneficial effect.
34. The student was examined by the doctor for stomach ache.
35. Knowing him well I did not believe this information.
36. The reorganization of this department will have been finished by the end of the year.
37. The lecture on muscles will be delivered to the students of our group next week.
38. The patient was being operated for 2 hours.
39. The results of the analysis will be ready tomorrow.
40. The problem studied is very important for clinical medicine.
VI. Укажите номера предложений, в которых инфинитив переводится на русский язык
определительным придаточным предложением, вводимым союзом «который»
1. The main function of the cell is to preserve a suitable environment for itself and neighboring cells.
2. The patient to be operated in the morning has serious gastrointestinal disorder.
3. The senior nurse was asked to help the doctor in charge with the new patient.
4. The injection to be made must reduce pains in the patient with the broken leg.
5. The amount of fluid to be given to the patients with the wounds of the abdomen, varied in each case.
6. I know the drug which will help you immediately.
7. The patient to be standing at the procedure room is expected in the ward by his doctor.
8. The patient to visit the doctor that day has broken his leg.
9. The disease is to be eliminated as soon as possible.
10. In addition to penicillin another drug should be given to a patient.
11. The patient to be examined at the hospital suffers diabetes.
12. The first disinfectant that was used in practice is carbolic acid.
13. The nurse to make the injection has entered the ward.
14. The professor supposed the drug to be effective.
15. The girl to be operated next week was repeatedly hospitalized 2 days ago.
16. If you want to be a good specialist you are to study hard.
17. The patient to be examined will come in an hour.
18. Having done all the necessary examinations the doctor diagnosed an ulcer.
19. The injection is to be made in the evening.
20. The student to make a report hasn’t come yet.
21. The method to be used in this investigation was recently developed in our laboratory.
22. The drug to be used in this case is very efficient.
23. This nurse had to be on duty two days ago.
24. The patient is known to be examined by this doctor.
25. Antibiotics may harm your body when used without consultation with your family doctor.
26. The surgeon to operate on the patient is already in the operating theatre.
27. The results to be reported at the conference have not been confirmed by clinical tests.
28. Nutrition should include all the elements which are necessary for the normal functioning of the body.
29. Penicillin is the drug of choice to treat many infectious diseases.
30. Urine examination to be done in all cases is an important part of the medical examination.
VII. Укажите номера предложений, в которых инфинитив переводится на русский язык придаточным
предложением цели, вводимым союзами «чтобы», «для того чтобы»
1. The patient reacted to treatment by improved appetite.
2. To avoid complications it is necessary to follow doctor’s prescriptions.
3. To begin the experiment this week is quite necessary.
4. The drug was shown to be effective only under certain conditions.
5. The surgeon entered the ward to examine the recently admitted patients.
6. It is always interesting to learn something new either from books or experiment.
7. Many of the conditions that simulate influenza are referred to as “grippe”.
8. The doctor came to examine the patient delivered to the hospital last night.
9. Having finished his daily round the doctor went to the chief-physician to discuss the patient from ward 10.
10. He worked hard to find the source of infection.
11. One must know English well to understand this book without dictionary.
12. To avoid infection in a hospital it is necessary to keep high standard of sanitation.
13. The new medical equipment to be delivered to our hospital was bought in the USA.
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14. New drugs are to be developed to fight infectious diseases.
15. To make the diagnosis the doctor recommended the patient USI.
16. To purify the polluted air biological methods were used.
17. She went to the polyclinic to get medical aid.
18. To enter higher medical school one has to pass entrance examinations.
19. To be a doctor it is necessary to graduate from the higher medical school.
20. It is impossible to inject gamma globulin for a period of many years.
VIII. Укажите номера предложений, в которых ing-форма соответствует в русском языке
деепричастию, оканчивающемуся на – в
1. The doctor left the ward having examined all his patients.
2. Translating the text the student met many new anatomical terms.
3. He copied out the text from the Internet being aware nobody will notice it.
4. They are having an examination on anatomy now.
5. Having looked through the last material on the subject we decided to perform a new experiment.
6. I went for a work having done my homework.
7. The doctor made everything possible to save the patient having arrived in time.
8 The diagnosis being made in time saved the patient’s life.
9. The work was being done for several hours yesterday.
10. Having finished the work we expected the results to be widely used in clinical practice.
11. Having sterilized the instruments the nurse left the room.
12. Having a bad headache I look some medicines.
13. The new equipment was necessary for performing the experiment.
14. Having tested the drug clinically the scientists recommended it for clinical use.
15. The boy went for a walk having done his homework.
16. When examining a patient the doctor misinterpreted some of the symptoms.
17. The doctor having examined a patient made the diagnosis.
18. Being known for its unfavorable side effects this antibiotic was used only in extreme cases.
19. Knowing him well I didn’t believe him.
20. He was surprised having got these results.
21. The patient went to the ward having done all the analysis.
22. In man, food entering the mouth is broken down by teeth.
23. Having translated the text the student read it to the teacher.
24. While studying at the higher medical school it is necessary to work hard.
25. Having finished his daily round the doctor began to fill in the patient’s case history.
IX. Укажите номера предложений, в которых ing-форма переводится на русский язык причастием,
оканчивающимся на –щий, -щая, щее
1. The risk of developing this disease is higher in children and old persons.
2. Taking this drug regularly you will soon recover.
3. I know the doctor treating my friend.
4. The nurse left the ward having taken the patients’ temperature.
5. The student writing the test now has missed many lessons.
6. Depending on the results we’ll either continue or discontinue our investigations.
7. Darwin used all the knowledge existing at that time to make his theory of evolution.
8. Heat loss is caused by vasoconstriction of blood vessels supplying the skin.
9. Breathing fresh and pure air is very important because it produces favorable effect on the central nervous system.
10. The scientist left the laboratory having finished his work there.
11. People living or working in poorly ventilated rooms are often attacked by different infectious diseases.
12. Persons suffering from infectious diseases must be isolated.
13. Spreading through drinking water the virus affected many persons in locality.
14. While operating the patient the surgeon was surprised by some unusual signs.
15. A biologist’s laboratory is a very interesting place to visit.
16. In breathing we inhale oxygen which is necessary for the proper functioning of various organs of the human
body.
17. While operating the patient the surgeon was surprised by some unusual signs.
18. Air is necessary for the sense of sight, smell and hearing.
19. Blood flowing from the lungs is rich in oxygen.
20. This drug gives a new hope to patients suffering from the so-called incurable diseases.
21. While studying at the higher medical school it is necessary to work hard.
22. The doctor examining a patient is a good specialist.
23. Having done all the necessary examinations the doctor diagnosed an ulcer.
24. The conference starting next week in Helsinki will be devoted to environmental protection
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25. When examining the patient the doctor used new equipment.
26. The hospital which is being built in our street will be equipped with the latest equipment.
27. All the necessary examinations being done the doctor diagnosed an ulcer.
28. The doctor is examining a new patient now.
29. Persons isolated were suffering from an acute infectious disease.
30. It is a very interesting to visit a biologist’s laboratory
X. Укажите номера предложений, в которых –ing-форма переводится деепричастием,
оканчивающимся на –а или -я
1. Starting the experiment we were aware of its final positive results.
2. The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year.
3. Bones are classified according to their shape.
4. We found this property of the drug while studying it in laboratory.
5. Being used by the experienced doctor the drug produced a positive effect.
6. The conference starting next week will be devoted to environmental protection
7. Trying to confirm our results we performed a number of similar experiments.
8. The coming session will be rather difficult.
9. Exocrine glands are classified according to their ducts.
10. Coughing we expel thousands of microbes into the surrounding air.
11. The doctor examining this patient is a well known specialist.
12. Beginning the experiment we hoped to confirm our hypothesis
13. The patient observed by the doctor was suffering bronchitis.
14. While examining the patient, the doctor asked him about his present complaints.
15. Learning physiology will help medical students to understand the processes operating in the human body.
16. Coming in time is a good habit.
17. Performing the function of the sense organ the skin contains many sensory nerve endings
18. When examining a patient the doctor noticed some abnormalities.
19. Plasma was being studied for many years but with poor results.
20. Coughing and sneezing are the signs of a respiratory disease.
XI. Укажите номера предложений, в которых присутствует инфинитив
1. The doctor on duty entered the ward to examine his patients.
2. The doctor in charge prescribed new drug to his patient.
3. The student observed the surgeon operate the patient with appendicitis.
4. The disease is due to the exposure to harmful environmental factors.
5. The main function of the skeleton is to protect inner organs.
6. Vegetables and berries may be contaminated by dangerous viruses and microbes.
7. The student could have answered this question if he had read the text up to the end.
8. The foods important to life are basically protein, carbohydrate and fat.
9. The brain is a part of the nervous system, which sends electrical impulses to the body for both autonomous
and voluntary functions.
10. This drug was thoroughly studied last year and now it is recommended for clinical use.
11. Viruses may cause infection in man and animals.
12. The nurse on duty gave an injection to the newly admitted patient.
13. The patient should always follow doctor’s prescriptions.
14. To realize this task was next to impossible.
15. The spread of the disease was due to poor sanitary conditions.
16. My friend wants to be a surgeon.
17. The doctor on duty went to the ward.
18. Respiratory tract symptoms may be wild.
19. M. V.Lomonosov made a great contribution to the development of natural science in Russia.
20. You should be more attentive at the lessons.
XII. Укажите номера предложений, в которых причастие II выступает в роли определения
1. The drug prescribed by the district doctor was very effective.
2. The experiment had to be performed last week.
3. The results of the analysis made last week are normal.
4. This student was said to make a report at the meeting of the Students’ scientific society.
5. The movement of blood from the heart to the body cells through arteries and capillaries is called greater
circulation.
6. The increase in the minute respiratory volume during physical exertion is related to the enhanced depth and rate
of respiratory movements.
7. The results of the experiment presented at the conference caused a heated discussion.
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8. The patient was made by the nurse to follow doctor’s recommendations and thus soon recovered.
9. The work to be done next week is very important for practical medicine.
10. Disease caused by this virus is very dangerous.
11. The drug was tested for 5 times but the results were still poor.
12. Medical examination has been carried out just at the time of the peak of the epidemics.
13. The disease revealed by this method was similar to that observed here several years ago.
14. The blood taken for analysis was transported to the nearest laboratory.
15. These patients were observed by several doctors but they did not find any disorders.
16. The drug was tested for five times but the results were still poor.
17. The disease was revealed by means of USI.
18. Being widely used the method was considered to be safe.
19. These patients were examined by several specialists who did not know about their disorders.
20. Some infectious diseases can be spread only indirectly, usually through contaminated food or water.
21. The results obtained in the experiment will be used for treating patients with respiratory infections.
22. The drug being tested only on experimental animals can’t be recommended for patients.
23. This well-known surgeon came to our clinic.
24. The periodic table of elements was invented by Mendeleyev.
25. Persons infected with streptococci constitute the reservoir and source of infection.
26. The drug widely used in clinic has some side effects.
27. This patient suffering from pneumonia has just been examined by the doctor.
28. The article written by this doctor caused a heated discussion.
29. Blood tests are to be made the day before the operation.
30. When tested the drug was introduced into everyday practice
31. The patient should always follow doctor’s prescriptions.
32. The patient returned to the ward to take the drug prescribed by his doctor in charge.
33. Polluted air can produce depressing effect on human beings.
34. The spread of the disease was due to poor sanitary conditions.
35. The patient observed by the doctor was suffering cholecystitis.
XIII. Укажите номера предложений, в которых использована конструкция «Сложное дополнение»
1. The doctor found the patient to have increased blood pressure.
2. Nobody believed the new epidemics of grippe to be due to the same agent.
3. We knew them to be the cause of many human disorders.
4. The doctor does not like his patients to undergo such kind of treatment.
5. The patient was said to have severe heart disorder.
6. The chief physician would like this young doctor to go to the conference.
7. The scientist was asked to deliver the lecture on the results of his recent work.
8. The doctor in charge expected his patient to recover completely.
9. The patient was to come to the doctor in a week to learn the results of his blood analysis.
10. He worked hard to find the source of the recently appeared infection.
11. Pasteur proved the disease to be caused by bacteria that attacked the central nervous system.
12. At that time it was so important to decide whether the disease was caused by a new virus.
13. All the patients considered it to be one of the best drugs they have ever used.
14. The patient was to come to the doctor in a week to learn the results of his blood analysis.
15. The doctor expected his patient to recover soon.
16. The student was advised to read additional material on the subject.
17. We heard them laugh in the next room.
18. We know the pharynx to be a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane.
19. The drug to be used is a very efficient one
20. Everything has to be done to help the patient.
21. The nurse on duty found the patient's temperature to rise quickly.
22. That girl is expected to make an interesting report.
23. The doctor in charge made the patient follow his recommendations.
24. The nurse saw the patient have gone to the procedure room just before his doctor in charge asked for him.
25. The doctor wanted his patient to follow all his recommendations to recover without any complications.
26. The article written by this doctor caused a heated discussion.
27. The patient is believed to recover soon.
28. Pasteur thought tuberculosis to be caused by microorganisms.
29. District doctor wanted his patient to undergo X-ray examination.
30. The doctor felt the patient’s pulse be increased.
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XIV. Укажите номера предложений, в которых инфинитив переводится на русский язык именем
существительным или неопределенной формой глагола.
1. The infection is to be prevented as soon as possible.
2. The patient was able to make these infusions himself without special training.
3. The patient came to the doctor for a prescription.
4. Food passes to stomach through esophagus.
5. It was difficult to make the final diagnosis.
6. This medicine is to be taken three times a day before meals.
7. To deliver nutrients to body tissues and organs proper blood circulation is necessary.
8. The girl to be operated next week is my good friend.
9. To perform the experiment was difficult, but necessary.
10. The doctor began to examine the patient to make diagnosis.
11. The doctor began examining the patients some minutes ago.
12. For making a diagnosis the doctor needed some laboratory data.
13. The new drug is being slowly introduced into every day medical practice.
14. The doctor made the diagnosis by using ultrasound investigation.
15. Breathing produces beneficial effect on the central nervous system.
XV. Укажите номера предложений, в которых использована конструкция “Cложное подлежащее”
1. The doctor said the patient to come for the next visit in two weeks.
2. This animal is found throughout the tropical and subtropical areas.
3. Pharynx is known to be a muscular tube lined with a mucous membrane.
4. The patient was made by the nurse to follow doctor’s recommendations and thus soon recovered.
5. Plasma was shown to reflect different physiological states of the body from one moment to the next.
6. The doctor believed his patient to recover soon.
7. Sea animals seem to store vitamin A to a large extent.
8. The experiment was said to have been over a week ago.
9. It was necessary to prove the effect of the new method.
10. The hospital was believed to be one of the best in the city.
11. It was necessary to prove the effect of the new method.
12. To be a doctor it is necessary to graduate from a higher medical school.
13. The drug was believed to be very effective for such cases.
14. The patient felt the pain spread over the body.
15. This drug is unlikely to be effective under such conditions.
16. The equipment bought turned out to be of the latest design.
17. Mouth and nose were proved to be the main part of entry of pathogenic microorganisms.
18. The cell is the smallest unit of living matter which is able to live independently.
19. The main function of a cell is to preserve a suitable environment for itself and neighboring cells.
20. The virus was shown to enter the body through the alimentary tract by way of mouth.
21. Migraine is often likely to result from prolonged wakefulness and extraordinary effort or by prolonged anxiety.
22. We expect the operation to be a success.
23. Lungs are known to perform three major functions: respiration, ventilation and filtration.
24. The reaction is likely to be promoted by free oxygen radicals.
25.Cardiovascular diseases are reported to be among those most widely spread among the world population.
XVI. Укажите номера предложений в которых – ing-форма переводится на русский язык именем
существительным или неопределенной формой глагола
1. Examining the patient the doctor asked him about his previous diseases
2. Dust particles may be expelled from the body in coughing and sneezing.
3. The coming examination session will not be very difficult.
4. The patient's quick recovering was a surprise even for the doctor in charge.
5. Our duty is improving human’s health.
6. Learning new words is necessary to speak foreign language.
7. This quickly spreading infection is transmitted by personal contact.
8. While performing the experiment you should be very careful.
9. For examining this patient the doctor in charge invited neurologist.
10. Everybody must realize that smoking is harmful.
11. The sleeping patients didn’t hear when their nurse came to the ward.
12. The doctor examining the patient’s eyes now is our new ophthalmologist.
13. The specialist treating my son has been working here for 10 years.
14. You can improve your English by reading much.
15. The most difficult task was making the precise diagnosis.
16. The blood takes part in distributing heat within the organism and maintaining a constant body temperature.
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17. The brain is the primary centre regulating body activities.
18. The doctor changed his idea of using new drugs because of their bad side effects.
19. The best way of treating the patient was surgical operation.
20. The most difficult task at the exam was reading an unknown text.
XVII. Укажите номера предложений в которых –ing-форма переводится на русский язык с помощью
слова «будучи» и страдательного причастия.
1. Being a good specialist he is much spoken about.
2. Having finished the experiment the scientist wrote a complete report of the results obtained
3. Being very busy I couldn’t come to see you.
4. Being completely treated the patient was discharged from the hospital.
5 Being purified the water could be safely used for drinking purposes.
6. The lecture on muscles was being delivered for 2 hours yesterday.
7. The water being polluted was not suitable for drinking.
8. While the patient is being operated on by the surgeon an experienced nurse must be standing by ready for any
emergency.
9. Being asked he always answer all the questions.
10. Being known well for its side effects the drug was used only in extreme cases.
11. The woman examining a child is out pediatrician.
12. The drug was being developed in our institute.
13. Being vaccinated the child didn’t fall ill.
14. Being widely spread the pathology was studied by many scientists.
15. The hospital was being built in this region for 5 years ago.
Раздел II
Заполнитепропуски:
1. Together with the kidneys, the liver _____ the detoxifying organ for the body.
2. The data from 173 patients _____ analyzed last week.
3. Usually this drug _____ not produce any side-effects.
4. The students _____ been writing the test for twenty minutes when I came.
5. The patient _____ no temperature and was disgorged.
6. The nurse _____ just finished to take the patients’ temperature when the doctor in charge entered the ward.
7. The new patient _____ being examined now by the doctor on duty.
8. He _____ not know the answer to this question now.
9. The drug _____ tested in our laboratory last week.
10. In two days the patient _____ discharged from the clinic
11. Anatomy _____ to study the structure and function of the human body.
12. Two-way nervous conduction _____ described by Kukhne (1886) and Rabukhin (1887).
13. Medical treatment _____ been greatly improved in recent years.
14. The experiment performed _____ not give any new results.
15. The nurse _____ not filling in a case history now.
16. We ____ been working over this problem for several years but still we are far from its solution.
17. The examination paper __ being checked at the moment.
18. When the doctor ___ examining a patient he used new equipment.
19. One should ______ very careful using this drug.
20. At 5 o’clock tomorrow I ____be listening to the lecture on new chemical pollutants and their effect on human
health.
21. Viruses ____ been studied for the last 20 years.
22. The body ____ known to have long, short and broad muscles.
23. Every day he ____ four lessons.
24. All muscles ____ divided into voluntary and involuntary.
25. This drug ____ tested in the clinic within next three month.
26. There ____ a close relationship between the viruses and bacteria.
27. The patient ____ all these symptoms yesterday.
28. The body ____ known to have long, short and broad muscles.
29. Yesterday we ____ four lessons.
30. I ____ filling in a case history now.
31. There ____ more than 400 skeletal muscles in the human body.
32. This drug ____ tested in clinic within the next three months.
33. Bacteria _____ the best known and most studied form of prokaryotic organisms.
34. The doctor ____ already examined the patient.
35. They _____ having their English lesson from 9 till 10.30 yesterday.
8
36. We ____ three classes every day.
37. Lipids ____ structural and energetic functions.
38. Each organ ____ blood vessels.
39. The results____ not been tested in the clinic yet.
40. It ____ Friday yesterday.
41. Irregular bones _____ not easily categorized by shape
42. This scientist ____ just returned from the conference
43. She____ not work at the hospital before entering the Medical University.
44. The girl ____ be operated on for gastric ulcer tomorrow.
45. They _____ not study at the Preventive Medical Faculty.
46. The word cell ____ introduced by Robert Hooke in 1665 shortly after the invention of the microscope.
47. My friend _____ not go to visit his relatives last summer
48. There ____ be a conference in our university next month.
49. They ____ just had the lecture.
50. How _____ the air enter and travel in human body?
51. My friend ____ been learning English for 4 years already.
52. What ____ the role of bronchioles?
53. My friend_____ not want to be a surgeon
54. The patient ____ reading a book when the doctor entered the ward
55. They ____ have finished the construction of the clinic by June
56. The small intestine ____ the most important absorbing organ of the digestive tract.
57. The nurse ____ finished her work before the patient was admitted to the clinic
58. The drug ____ to be tested thoroughly before clinical use.
59. The conference ____ devoted to the problems of modern medicine.
60. The nurse ____ been working at this hospital since last year.
61. There _____ more than 400 skeletal muscles in the human body.
62. The second year students _____ writing the test now.
63. All cells _____ the plasma membrane.
64. The doctor in charge _____ to examine this patient.
65. There _____ millions of different types of cell.
Раздел III. Укажите соответствия
I)
1. fluid
2. surround
3. include
4. perform
5. concomitant
6. facilitate
7. efficient
8. nutrient
9. outer
10. preserve
1. поверхность
2. поддерживать
3. внешний
4. облегчать
5. питательные вещества
6. загрязнение
7. действенный
8. состоять
9. фактический
10. сохранять
11. жидкость
12. сопутствующий
13. выполнять
14. окружать
15. включать
II)
1. hereditary
2. filament
3. include
4. connect
5. movement
6. occur
7. efficient
8. intake
9. cavity
10. enclose
1. полость
2. действенный
3. происходить
4. потребление
5. движение
6. содержать
7. соединять
8. сухожилие
9. внедрять
10. окружать
11. оболочка
12. включать
13. наследственный
14. сустав
15. волокно
9
III)
1. surface
2. vital
3. flat
4. concomitant
5. facilitate
6. moisten
7. compose
8. swallow
9. enclose
10. preserve
IV)
1. cavity
2. axial
3. tubercle
4. dust
5. occur
6. release
7. allow
8. nourish
9. preserve
10. line
1. сопутствующий
2. окружать
3 облегчать
4. составлять
5. смачивать
6. жидкий
7. влажный
8. плоский
9. лицевой
10. сохранять
11. включать
12. поверхность
13. улучшать
14. глотать
15. жизненный
1. позволять
2. питать
3. аксон
4. представлять
5. раствор
6. освобождать
7. реализовать
8. происходить
9. бугорок
10. выстилать
11. пыль
12. полость
13. всегда
14. осевой
15. сохранять
V)
1. hereditary
2. support
3. carbohydrate
4. cavity
5. digestion
6. bundle
7. propel
8. tissue
9. tendon
10. ascending
1. восходящий
2. полость
3. пучок
4. приобретенный
5. проталкивать
6. связка
7. ткань
8. сухожилие
9. нисходящий
10. поддерживать
11. поглощать
12. углевод
13. наследственный
14. помогать
15. пищеварение
10
VI)
1. bumpy
2. ankle
3. duct
4. impurity
5. nares
6. coil
7. vessel
8. moisten
9. atrium
10. circulation
VII)
1. allow
2. cavity
3. pharynx
4. wastes
5. ankle
6. skull
7. tissue
8. atrium
9. tendon
10. tough
VIII)
1. cartilage
2. femur
3. duct
4. nares
5. glottis
6. chew
7. cavity
8. swallow
9. vessel
10. ventricle
1. проток
2. ядро
3. лодыжка
4. виток
5. желудочек
6. смачивать
7. вена
8. загрязнение
9. кровообращение
10. сосуд
11. ноздри
12. нос
13. бугорчатый
14. сокращать
15. предсердие
1. полость
2. отходы
3. гортань
4. ткань
5. предсердие
6. живот
7. позволять
8. предотвращать
9. сухожилие
10. глотка
11. питательные
вещества
12. жесткий
13. желудочек
14. лодыжка
15. череп
1. бедро
2. предсердие
3. глотка
4. проток
5. переваривать
6. глотать
7. плечо
8. хрящ
9. желудочек
10. жевать
11. легочный
12. сосуд
13. увлажнять
14. ноздри
15. полость
11
IX)
1. tissue
2. cartilage
3.occur
4.chew
5.ventricle
6. support
7.wrist
8.dust
9. compose
10.fluid
X)
1.filaments
2. include
3. pharynx
4. release
5. atrium
6. surround
7. sternum
8. lung
9. force
10. bowel
XI)
1. space
2. femur
3. occur
4. coil
5. suffer
6. hold
7. joint
8. thoracic
9. allow
10. in-patient
department
1. жидкость
2. предсердие
3. запястье
4. поддерживать
5. составлять
6. ткань
7. возникать
8. образовывать
9. пыль
10. желудочек
11. хрящ
12. ладонь
13. клетка
14. отбросы
15. жевать
1. кишечник
2. желудочек
3. продвигать
4. освобождать
5. глотка
6. составлять
7. включать
8. грудина
9. волокна
10. окружать
11. разделять
12. легкое
13. гортань
14. предсердие
15. ключица
1. страдать
2. колено
3. стационар
4. происходить
5. пространство
6. амбулат. отделение
7. грудной
8. облегчать
9. виток
10. бедро
11. сустав
12. держать
13. оболочка
14. позволять
15. предотвращать
12
XII
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
chew
allow
digestive
wasted
compose
occur
propell
chyme
tongue
swallow
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
invention
unicellular
space
generation
fluid
support
hereditary
wastes
environment
diseases
1. химус
2. язык
3. позволять
4. пищеварительный
5. глотать
6. жевать
7. отходы
8. возникать
9. освобождать
10. составлять
11. просто
12. продвигать
13. действенный
14. перистальтика
15. поддерживать
XIII.
XIV.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.поддерживать
2.среда
3.болезни
4.наследственный
5.одноклеточный
6.улучшать
7.многоклеточный
8. различные
9. пространство
10. изобретение
11. везение
12. поколение
13. отходы
14. окружать
15. жидкость
ankle
cartilage
connect
joint
movement
protect
finger
support
tissue
rib
1. палец
2. поддерживать
3. сустав
4. позвонок
5. хрящ
6. защищать
7. запястье
8. ткань
9. движение
10. способствовать
11.позволять
12. таз
13. лодыжка
14. соединять
15. ребро
chest
duct
multi-lobulated
occur
environment
respiratory
exchange
glottis
human
10. thoracic
1. случаться
2. проток
3. многодолевой
4. дыхательный
5. грудной
6. грудная клетка
7. люди
8. гуманный
9. среда
10. многоклеточный
11. обмен
12. поступать
13. голосовой
14. глотка
15. проходить
XV.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
13
XVI.
1. chew
2. allow
3. digestive
4. wasted
5. compose
6. occur
7. propell
8. chyme
9. tongue
10. swallow
A. в
1. химус
2. язык
3. позволять
4. пищеварительный
5. глотать
6. жевать
7. отходы
8. возникать
9. освобождать
10. составлять
11. просто
12. продвигать
13. действенный
14. перистальтика
15. поддерживать
Раздел IV.Установите правильную последовательность
повествовательном предложении
1)
1. friend
2. come
3. to
4. my
5. week
6. will
7. visit
8. next
9. me
2)
1. organs
2. blood
3. different
4. body
5. carries
6. nutrients
7. of
8.to
9.the
3)
1. main
2. is
3. the
4. heart
5. of
6. organ
7. circulation
8. blood
4)
1. of
2. is
3. course
4. six
5. training
6. years
7. the
5)
1. entered
2. his
3. to
4. doctor
5. ward 2
6. examine
7. the
8. patients
6)
1. bed
2. the
3. patient
4. in
5. doctor
6. stay
7. his
8. to
9. recommended
7)
1. better
2. followed
3. prescriptions
4. and
5. the
6. his
7. felt
8. patient
9. doctor’s
8)
1. body
2. many
3. the
4. there
5. in
6. different
7. human
8. organs
9. are
9)
1. to
2. are
3. according
4. doctor's
5. usually
6. hospitalized
7. recommendation
8. patients
9. their
10)
1. days
2. on
3. this
4. ago
5. duty
6. was
7. student
8. two
11)
12)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
14)
13)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
secrets
biologists
discovered
of
many
have
life
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
much
paid
to
cells
attention
stem
is
now
16
the
divide
into
even
bronchioles
times
smaller
bronchi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
is
three
small
comprised
of
parts
the
intestine
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
people
the
of
to
any
is
task
physician
help
16)
15)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
14
the
doctor's
all
out
prescriptions
nurses
carry
usually
В. в
отрицательном
предложении
1)
1. not
2. their
3. passed
4. examinations
5. they
6. yet
7. have
2)
1. follow
2. was
3. prescriptions
4.it
5. doctor’s
6. difficult
7. not
8. to
5)
1. translated
2. time
3. was
4. the
5. in
6. not
7. text
6)
1. ready
2. student
3. question
4. this
5. my
6. is
7. to
8. not
9. answer
3)
1. my
2. does
3. biology
4. like
5. friend
6. not
4)
1. to
2. clear
3. doctor
4. diagnosis
5. the
6. not
7. district
8. was
7)
1. did
2. follow
3. recommendations
4. the
5. want
6. patient
7. doctor's
8. to
9. not
8)
1.translate
2.cannot
3.article
4.student
5.the
6.dictionary
7.without
8.this
9. using
11)
9)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
heard
a
has
about
such
never
condition
he
10)
chemistry
like
my
does
organic
not
friend
14)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
joints
not
allow
movement
fibrous
do
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
conditions
not
the
been
laboratory
tested
has
under
drug
12)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
in
his
student
this
not
examination
passed
physics
has
16)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
operated
this
not
been
yet
patient
has
15)
13)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
C. в безличном
1)
1. follow
2. one
3. prescriptions
4. doctor’s
5. should
6. all
7. strictly
8. the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
side
did
the
have
not
drug
any
effects
предложении
2) 1.is
2. interesting
3. study
4. medical
5. at
6. to
7. the
8. it
9. university
3)
1. differential
2. it
3. diagnosis
4. to
5. was
6. make
7. difficult
8. a
15
1. does
2. my
3. know
4. friend
5. well
6. English
7. not
4)
1. this
2. was
3. to
4. it
5. late
6. do
7. experiment
5)
1. to
2. it
3. this
4. read
5. necessary
6. was
7. text
8. yesterday
6)
l. is
2. perform
3. interesting
4. scientific
5. it
6. experiments
7. to
9)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
a
it
is
medical
be
to
not
easy
student
13)
1. prescriptions
2. to
3. not
4. it
5. follow
6. was
7. doctor’s
8. easy
10)
1. students
2. know
3. it
4. anatomy
5. for
6. to
7. necessary
8. medical
9. is
7)
1. principles
2. always
3. of
4. one
5. hygiene
6. should
7. the
8. personal
9. follow
11)
1. to
2. hours
3. homework
4. it
5. me
6. my
7. takes
8. do
9. three
8)
1. make
2. diagnosis
3. it
4. a
5. difficult
6. final
7. was
8. to
12)
1.to
2.days
3.report
4.it
5.me
6.my
7two
8.took
9.do
15)
14)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
be
examining
patient
should
attentive
one
a
very
D. в общем вопросе
1)
1. differential
2. it
3. difficult
4. is
5. diagnosis
6. to
7. make
8. a
2)
1. material
2. this
3. can
4. explain
5. me
6. difficult
7. you
5)
1. yet
2. on
3. this
4. his
5. passed
6. anatomy
7. student
8. has
9. exam
6)
1a
2. the
3. is
4. now
5. new
6. doctor
7. examining
8. patient
interesting
to
the
it
listen to
was
anatomy
lecture
on
16)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
should
to
one
follow
prescriptions
doctor's
strictly
recover
3)
1. used
2. this
3. before
4. drug
5. ever
6. has
7. been
4)
1. live
2. a
3. oxygen
4. can
5. time
6. men
7. without
8. for
9. long
7)
1. been
2. the
3. into
4. drug
5. introduced
6. just
7. practice
8. clinical
9. has
8)
1. body
2. many
3. the
4. there
5. in
6. different
7. human
8. organs
9. are
16
9)
11)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
function
the
have
large
does
digestive
intestine
10)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
12)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
operation
ever
present
been
at
they
the
have
have
St.Petersburg
you
got
in
relatives
any
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
working
do
you
time
days
free
have
during
your
13)
1. hepatitis
2. this
3. ill
4. is
5. or
6. with
7. patient
8. disentery
14)
15)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
friend
a
second-year
first
is
your
student
or
16)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
there
cells
facts
are
many
unknown
concerning
this
operated
be
tomorrow
will
next
patient
or
week
E. в специальном вопросе
1)
1. holidays
2. you
3. your
4. where
5. spend
6. are
7. summer
8. going
9. to
5)
1. go
2. yesterday
3. why
4. the
5. did
6. doctor
7. friend
8. your
9. to
9)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
faculties
in
what
university
are
there
the
2)
1. been
2. drug
3. long
4. this
5.you
6. have
7. how
8. taking
3)
1. examined
2. doctor
3. was
4. by
5. the
6. when
7. he
8. last
4)
1. had
2. student
3. this
4. when
5. finish
6. to
7. the
8. experiment
6)
1. did
2. what
3. you
4. yesterday
5. lecture
6. listen
7. to
7)
1. well
2. know
3. it
4. anatomy
5. why
6. to
7. necessary
8. is
8)
1.hospital
2.how
3.stay
4.in
5. long
6.did
7.your
8.patient
9.the
10)
11)
12)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
this
be
when
patient
will
on
operated
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
17
be
where
long
can
muscles
found
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
senior
study
subjects
do
what
students
13)
15)
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Раздел V.
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1. _____ consists of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons called ganglia, and nerves connecting them to each
other and to the central nervous system.
1. the central nervous system
2. the peripheral nervous system
3. the parasympathetic nervous system
2. _____ lies between the oesophagus and the duodenum.
1. the liver
2. the intestine
3. the stomach
3. Saliva has two major functions: to start digestion and to facilitate transport of the food _____ .
1. from the liver to the rest part of the gastrointestinal tract
2. from the large intestine to the stomach
3. from the mouth to the stomach
4. A district doctor prescribes treatment only after ______
1. clinical analyses are made
2. the patient comes to him for a second time
3. the diagnosis is made
5. Exchange of gases occurs in the alveolar region of the _____ .
1. kidneys
2. diaphragm
3. lungs
6. Two types of fluids _____through the circulatory system: blood and lymph.
1. compose
2. move
3. involve
7. Carbon dioxide is discharged from the blood mainly through_____.
1. the lungs
2. the heart
3. the pancreas
8. The coronary circulatory system provides a ____to the heart.
1. carbon oxidation
2. gaseous interchange
3. blood supply
9. The biggest_____in the body is the femur in the thigh
1. organ
2. bone
3. system
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10. The primary functions of the skeleton are to support the body, to protect the soft organs of the body,
and to produce ______.
1. carbon dioxide
2. red blood cells
3. waste products
11. _____ is composed of the nasal passage, the pharynx, larynx, the trachea, bronchi and lungs.
1. the human conducting airways
2. the human respiratory system
3. the human thoracic organs
12. The human organism needs _____ of food.
1. regular suppression
2. regular suggestion
3. regular supply
13. Broad muscles are found______
1. in extremities
2. in the trunk
3. between the ribs
14. The cell _____of living matter in all organisms, consisting of protoplasm enclosed within a cell membrane.
1. the building material
2. the basic unit
3. the source of energy
15. In examining a patient the first thing to do is ______.
1. physical examination
2. X-ray examination
3. sputum examination
16.______ can be divided into two parts, central and peripheral.
1. the human digestive system
2. the human nervous system
3. the human respiratory system
17. White matter is_____ mainly of myelinated axons.
1. composed
2. involved
3. used
18. The lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels ______ the lymphatic system.
1. enclose
2. prevent
3. form
19. The _____forces the food into the back of the mouth or pharynx.
1. mouth
2. teeth
3. tongue
20. The nucleus is the _____of eukaryotic cells.
1. main unit
2. control centre
3. chief structure
21. All organs of the body communicate with each other ____
1. through blood circulation
2. through digestion
3.through oxygen inhalation
22. Material basis of thinking is the ____
1.liver
2.stomach
3.brain
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23. Circulation of blood aids in the ____
1.regulation of the body temperature
2.digestion of food
3.work of nervous system
24. The liver is the main ____
1.vascular organ in the body
2.metabolic organ in the body
3.digestive organ in the body
25. The stomach is the ____
1.most important gland of the digestive system
2.most widely dilated portion of the digestive tract
3.most tender part of the digestive system
26. There are two main groups of muscles ____
1.long and short
2.voluntary and involuntary
3.smooth and striated
27. Liver is ____
1.the main respiratory organ
2.the largest gland of the body
3.the organ of exertion
28. Blood is important in ____
1.regulation of nervous function
2.regulation of body function
3.regulation of lymph circulation
29. Plasma is ____
1.a liquid part of the blood
2.a corpuscular element of the blood
3.an antibody in the blood
30. Lungs are the main organs _____.
1. affected in pulmonary tuberculosis
2. not involved in pulmonary tuberculosis
3. leading to pulmonary tuberculosis
31. The main organ of circulatory system is____
1.the stomach.
2.the heart.
3.the liver.
32. The North-West State Medical University is ____
1.a secondary school.
2.a higher medical school.
3.a middle medical school.
33. Saliva has two major functions: to start digestion and to facilitate to transport of the food _____.
1. from the liver to the rest part of the gastrointestinal tract
2. from large intestine to the stomach
3. from mouth to stomach
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34. Mouth is the ____
1.first subdivision of the gastrointestinal tract.
2.the organ of food metabolism.
3.the main organ of circulatory system.
35. All organs of the human body are ____
1.interconnected.
2.independent.
3.controlled by the will of man.
36. Physiology is the science of ______
1. changes occurring in the diseased organism
2. tissues forming the organism
3. the processes operating in the living body
37. The air passages produce resistance to _____.
1. the blood reaching the heart
2. the flow of the inhaled air
3. the lymph flow in the body
38. Most of the voluntary muscles are found ____
1. in inner organs
2. in the extremities, trunk and head
3. in the blood vessels
39. Blood is a fluid tissue that ____
1. results in acute and chronic diseases
2. accumulates in bones and tissues
3. circulates in cardiovascular system
40. The liver weighs 1.5kg and is situated in _____
1. the upper respiratory tract
2. the right side of the upper abdomen
3. the lower part of the large intestine
41. Eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and ______.
1. nucleus
2. protein
3. nutrients
42. There are long, short, flat, _____, sesamoid bones in the human body.
1.synovial
2.irregular
3.fibrous
43. The upper respiratory tract begins with the ____.
1.pharynx
2.nares
3.larynx
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44. The small intestine is the most important ___ organ of the digestive system.
1. adsorbing
2. absorbing
3. discharging
45. The main components of the human circulatory system are the heart, blood and ___.
1. liver
2. blood vessels
3. lymph vessels
46. There are two types of cells:_____.
1)postkaryotic, cytoplasmic
2)prokaryotic, eukaryotic
3)chromosomes, lysosomes
47. ______are found where two bones meet.
1.joints
2.legs
3.ribs
48. _____muscles mediate the movement of air into and out of the body
1.air
2.respiratory
3.oxygen
49. The large intestine has_____
1.big digestive function
2.little or no digestive function
3.no digestive function
50. If a person is unwell he _____
1. calls a doctor in
2. makes calls
3. goes to his working place
51. ____ is the scientific study of the structure and function of cells.
1.microbiology
2.anatomy
3.cytology
52. The human skeleton is made up of 206 ______.
1.tendons
2.bones
3.ribs
53. The______ leads down to the chest.
1.lung
2.diaphragm
3.trachea
54. Veins bring deoxygenated blood back to the ________.
1.lungs
2.heart
3.liver
55. In the heart there is one atrium and one ______ for each circulation.
1.vessel
2.ventricle
3.pulmonary vein
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56. The chief macromolecules are nucleic acids ________.
1. DNK and RNK
2. DNU and RNU
3. DNA and RNA
57. The axial skeleton consists of the head, ________ and ribs.
1.spinal column
2. lungs
3.clavicles
58. The nasopharynx opens into the _______
1.orthoparynx
2.oropharynx
3.nares
59. There are wards, X-ray rooms, operating theatres and _________rooms in the hospital.
1.dancing
2.dressing
3.dining
60. To prescribe a proper treatment it is necessary …
1.
2.
3.
to hospitalize a patient
to examine his heart and lungs
to make a correct diagnosis
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