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AP European History Unit: Ideologies & Upheavals, 1815-1850 Study Guide Questions How did the Congress of Vienna attempt to achieve a balance of power? How was France treated at the Congress of Vienna? What barriers were erected against future French aggression? What territories changed hands as a result of the Congress of Vienna? Why did Metternich support conservatism and oppose liberal or nationalist reforms? What were the basic principles of conservatism, liberalism, utopian socialism, and Marxism (communism)? How did the middle classes use liberal principles for their own benefit? What were the major principles of 19th-century nationalism? Why did liberalism and nationalism often go hand in hand during the 19th century? Why did the views of socialists turn off many members of the middle class? What were the characteristics of Romanticism? How did it differ from Classicism? How did Romantic composers change music during the 19th century? Why did the Great Powers eventually intervene in favor of Greek liberation? How successful were the liberal reform movements in Great Britain during the early- to mid19th century? Why did the coalitions of middle and working classes fall apart in France and Austria during the revolutions of 1848? What role did nationalism play in the revolutions of 1848? Terms Quadruple Alliance Klemens von Metternich Robert Castlereagh Charles Talleyrand Alexander I of Russia (1801-1825) Louis XVIII of France (1814-1824) Ferdinand VII of Spain (1808-1833) Concert of Europe Holy Alliance principle of intervention Carlsbad Decrees (1819) Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France John Stuart Mill democratic republicanism self-determination Giuseppe Mazzini Charles Fourier Louis Blanc Karl Marx Friedrich Engels The Communist Manifesto (1848) Classicism Romanticism Sturm und Drang “bohemian lifestyle” William Wordsworth Samuel Coleridge Walter Scott, Ivanhoe Germaine de Stael Victor Hugo Eugene Delacroix John Constable Franz Liszt Ludwig von Beethoven Alexander Ypsilanti Corn Laws Six Acts (1819) Peterloo Massacre (1819) Tory Party Whig Party Reform Bill of 1832 Anti-Corn Law League Robert Peel French Constitutional Charter of 1814 Charles X of France (1824-1830) Louis Phillippe (“the bourgeois king”) “national workshops” Louis Napoleon (1830-1848) Franz Joseph of Austria (1848-1916) Nicholas I of Russia (1825-1855) Louis Kossuth German Confederation Frankfurt Assembly Grossdeutsch vs. Kleindeutsch Schleswig-Holstein Essay Why did the revolutions of 1848 fail ultimately? Please cite examples from France, Austria, and Prussia.