AVFTH-013 Breeding for Behavior in the Hybrid Thoroughbred
... can then have the stallions evaluated in like manner. In such a way you are not only making smarter business decisions, you are adding another piece to the equation to increase your probability of a better outcome. Foundation breeding is another avenue to re-invent a way for natural selection to pro ...
... can then have the stallions evaluated in like manner. In such a way you are not only making smarter business decisions, you are adding another piece to the equation to increase your probability of a better outcome. Foundation breeding is another avenue to re-invent a way for natural selection to pro ...
Hybridization and adaptive radiation
... speciation can be rapid, with no more than 25 generations required for stabilization of hybrid genomes [67]. Simulation models suggest that ecological separation from both parent species is essential [68,69]. Empirical studies show that hybrid species usually differ ecologically from both parents by ...
... speciation can be rapid, with no more than 25 generations required for stabilization of hybrid genomes [67]. Simulation models suggest that ecological separation from both parent species is essential [68,69]. Empirical studies show that hybrid species usually differ ecologically from both parents by ...
Metaphors and the role of genes in development
... construct and heat pulsed these animals during development. As might be expected, transformations of antennal into leg structures were produced. The special interest of the experiments may lie, however, in the fact that these transformations showed neither 100% penetrance nor completeness of transfo ...
... construct and heat pulsed these animals during development. As might be expected, transformations of antennal into leg structures were produced. The special interest of the experiments may lie, however, in the fact that these transformations showed neither 100% penetrance nor completeness of transfo ...
Chapter 1 Biology: The Study of Life
... and pass along traits from one generation to the next. For a species to continue to exist, reproduction must occur. Reproduction can be asexual or sexual. ...
... and pass along traits from one generation to the next. For a species to continue to exist, reproduction must occur. Reproduction can be asexual or sexual. ...
Thermal adaptation and ecological speciation
... year in warm environments and only one in colder climates (e.g. Sauer et al. 2003; Scriber & Ording 2005), and temporal divergence of the reproductive period can directly lead to reproductive isolation between populations (e.g. Ording et al. 2010). In principle, such differences would not need to be ...
... year in warm environments and only one in colder climates (e.g. Sauer et al. 2003; Scriber & Ording 2005), and temporal divergence of the reproductive period can directly lead to reproductive isolation between populations (e.g. Ording et al. 2010). In principle, such differences would not need to be ...
Ecological character displacement in the face of gene flow
... flow still occurs between the species is relatively scarce. Here we studied patterns of morphological variation in sympatric and allopatric populations of two hybridizing species of birds, the Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) and the Thrush Nightingale (L. luscinia). Results: We conducted ...
... flow still occurs between the species is relatively scarce. Here we studied patterns of morphological variation in sympatric and allopatric populations of two hybridizing species of birds, the Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) and the Thrush Nightingale (L. luscinia). Results: We conducted ...
Microgeographic adaptation and the spatial scale of evolution
... Dispersal neighborhood: the geographic area within which individuals and genes regularly move and interact; estimated as two standard deviations of the dispersal distribution of a population. Divergent selection: variation in natural selection resulting in different alleles being favored in differen ...
... Dispersal neighborhood: the geographic area within which individuals and genes regularly move and interact; estimated as two standard deviations of the dispersal distribution of a population. Divergent selection: variation in natural selection resulting in different alleles being favored in differen ...
Microgeographic adaptation and the spatial scale of evolution
... Dispersal neighborhood: the geographic area within which individuals and genes regularly move and interact; estimated as two standard deviations of the dispersal distribution of a population. Divergent selection: variation in natural selection resulting in different alleles being favored in differen ...
... Dispersal neighborhood: the geographic area within which individuals and genes regularly move and interact; estimated as two standard deviations of the dispersal distribution of a population. Divergent selection: variation in natural selection resulting in different alleles being favored in differen ...
biol b242 - coevolution
... If this is true, and it probably is, the reverse should also occur. If a species colonizes an area where its competitors do not occur, then it may experience ecological release, and grow to very large population sizes. Not only that, the colonists may also experience disruptive selection, followed b ...
... If this is true, and it probably is, the reverse should also occur. If a species colonizes an area where its competitors do not occur, then it may experience ecological release, and grow to very large population sizes. Not only that, the colonists may also experience disruptive selection, followed b ...
link - Eawag: Personal Homepages
... thereby established several new asexual lines. A recent study showed that asexual L. fabarum individuals have different wing shapes than their sexual counterparts, suggesting that in this species reproductive mode and wing shape is linked (Petrovic et al. 2015). However, the genetic architecture of ...
... thereby established several new asexual lines. A recent study showed that asexual L. fabarum individuals have different wing shapes than their sexual counterparts, suggesting that in this species reproductive mode and wing shape is linked (Petrovic et al. 2015). However, the genetic architecture of ...
Biology Essential Elements
... 51. Identify the relationship between the cell cycle and cancer. 52. Identify the reactants and products of photosynthesis. 53. Identify the reactants and products of respiration. 54. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 55. Describe the role of ATP in energy transfer. 56. Predi ...
... 51. Identify the relationship between the cell cycle and cancer. 52. Identify the reactants and products of photosynthesis. 53. Identify the reactants and products of respiration. 54. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. 55. Describe the role of ATP in energy transfer. 56. Predi ...
“Adaptation”1
... adaptedness, a concept tied much more intimately to the process of natural selection than the absolute one was. All organisms face a multitude of problems bearing on survival and reproduction. If they all vary (at least slightly) in virtually all their features, then typical organisms are not perfec ...
... adaptedness, a concept tied much more intimately to the process of natural selection than the absolute one was. All organisms face a multitude of problems bearing on survival and reproduction. If they all vary (at least slightly) in virtually all their features, then typical organisms are not perfec ...
AP Biology Summer Assignment 2017
... The assignment may be typed or written in black or blue pen. Answers must be in your own words. You will “NOT” be tested over the 5 Ecology Chapters on the 1st day back. We will go through the chapters together, and then have a test. The purpose of the assignment is to familiarize you with the AP Bi ...
... The assignment may be typed or written in black or blue pen. Answers must be in your own words. You will “NOT” be tested over the 5 Ecology Chapters on the 1st day back. We will go through the chapters together, and then have a test. The purpose of the assignment is to familiarize you with the AP Bi ...
perspective:is human cultural evolution darwinian? evidence
... these against the rich variety of empirical data concerning human culture that have been garnered in a diversity of human sciences since The Origin was published. Accordingly, we shall briefly reprise the key elements of the case for biological evolution through natural selection that were presented ...
... these against the rich variety of empirical data concerning human culture that have been garnered in a diversity of human sciences since The Origin was published. Accordingly, we shall briefly reprise the key elements of the case for biological evolution through natural selection that were presented ...
HS Biology - Hillside Public Schools
... § All cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA molecules. Genes are regions in the DNA that contain the instructions that code for the formation of proteins, which carry out most of the work of cells. (HSLS1-1) (Note: This Disciplinary Core Idea is also addressed by HS-LS3- 1.) § Multice ...
... § All cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA molecules. Genes are regions in the DNA that contain the instructions that code for the formation of proteins, which carry out most of the work of cells. (HSLS1-1) (Note: This Disciplinary Core Idea is also addressed by HS-LS3- 1.) § Multice ...
- Wiley Online Library
... In this review, “intraspecific variation” refers to all forms of variation within a species, both within and among populations, including ...
... In this review, “intraspecific variation” refers to all forms of variation within a species, both within and among populations, including ...
An Evaluation of Supplementary Biology and Evolution Curricular
... evolutionary accounts of organismal relationships. Textbooks almost universally censor from students evidence that contradicts the arguments presented in favor of common ancestry. (1) The Fossil Record Textbooks usually state that the fossil record unwaveringly supports Darwinian evolution and commo ...
... evolutionary accounts of organismal relationships. Textbooks almost universally censor from students evidence that contradicts the arguments presented in favor of common ancestry. (1) The Fossil Record Textbooks usually state that the fossil record unwaveringly supports Darwinian evolution and commo ...
Biology EOC Review Packet
... 60. Explain how gel electrophoresis separates molecules based on size. 61. What is DNA fingerprinting? What are some useful applications of DNA fingerprinting? 62. What is a transgenic organism? Explain how transgenic plants, animals and bacteria can be useful in both agriculture and the pharmaceuti ...
... 60. Explain how gel electrophoresis separates molecules based on size. 61. What is DNA fingerprinting? What are some useful applications of DNA fingerprinting? 62. What is a transgenic organism? Explain how transgenic plants, animals and bacteria can be useful in both agriculture and the pharmaceuti ...
Biology EOC Review Packet
... 60. Explain how gel electrophoresis separates molecules based on size. 61. What is DNA fingerprinting? What are some useful applications of DNA fingerprinting? 62. What is a transgenic organism? Explain how transgenic plants, animals and bacteria can be useful in both agriculture and the pharmaceuti ...
... 60. Explain how gel electrophoresis separates molecules based on size. 61. What is DNA fingerprinting? What are some useful applications of DNA fingerprinting? 62. What is a transgenic organism? Explain how transgenic plants, animals and bacteria can be useful in both agriculture and the pharmaceuti ...
Questions (Use notes ot textbook)
... the greatest diversity in terms of form and function. The general animal characteristics are as follows: ...
... the greatest diversity in terms of form and function. The general animal characteristics are as follows: ...
Arthropods Notes
... membranes allow most arthropods to sense their environment. 5. An _______________ circulatory system is found in all arthropods. The blood is propelled through the body by a tubular _______________ and collected in areas called sinuses. There are very few blood vessels in the arthropods. 6. They con ...
... membranes allow most arthropods to sense their environment. 5. An _______________ circulatory system is found in all arthropods. The blood is propelled through the body by a tubular _______________ and collected in areas called sinuses. There are very few blood vessels in the arthropods. 6. They con ...
Evolution and Cognition - Fred Heeren, Science Journalist
... An investigator who knew that hypothesis 1 or 2 was correct would be able to comment knowledgeably upon the probability of human-level cognition existing on any planet where signs of life were observed. To estimate the probability of human-level cognition on such a planet, a scientist might only nee ...
... An investigator who knew that hypothesis 1 or 2 was correct would be able to comment knowledgeably upon the probability of human-level cognition existing on any planet where signs of life were observed. To estimate the probability of human-level cognition on such a planet, a scientist might only nee ...
Sympatric Speciation
... plasticity good candidates for sympatric speciation? • Explain phenotypic plasticity in the North American Emerald moth, and how it is triggered by a biotic factor. Why is phenotypic plasticity adaptive for the moth? • How does the process of sympatric speciation differ from that of allopatric speci ...
... plasticity good candidates for sympatric speciation? • Explain phenotypic plasticity in the North American Emerald moth, and how it is triggered by a biotic factor. Why is phenotypic plasticity adaptive for the moth? • How does the process of sympatric speciation differ from that of allopatric speci ...
REvolver: Modeling Sequence Evolution under Domain Constraints
... – No automatized procedure to extract meaningful constraints – No standard operating procedure for inferring evolutionary constraints – Structures not available – Indel lengths from a single distribution ...
... – No automatized procedure to extract meaningful constraints – No standard operating procedure for inferring evolutionary constraints – Structures not available – Indel lengths from a single distribution ...
Introduction to evolution
Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs. Biological populations evolve through genetic changes that correspond to changes in the organisms' observable traits. Genetic changes include mutations, which are caused by damage or replication errors in an organism's DNA. As the genetic variation of a population drifts randomly over generations, natural selection gradually leads traits to become more or less common based on the relative reproductive success of organisms with those traits.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Evolution does not attempt to explain the origin of life (covered instead by abiogenesis), but it does explain how the extremely simple early lifeforms evolved into the complex ecosystem that we see today. Based on the similarities between all present-day organisms, all life on Earth originated through common descent from a last universal ancestor from which all known species have diverged through the process of evolution. All individuals have hereditary material in the form of genes that are received from their parents, then passed on to any offspring. Among offspring there are variations of genes due to the introduction of new genes via random changes called mutations or via reshuffling of existing genes during sexual reproduction. The offspring differs from the parent in minor random ways. If those differences are helpful, the offspring is more likely to survive and reproduce. This means that more offspring in the next generation will have that helpful difference and individuals will not have equal chances of reproductive success. In this way, traits that result in organisms being better adapted to their living conditions become more common in descendant populations. These differences accumulate resulting in changes within the population. This process is responsible for the many diverse life forms in the world.The forces of evolution are most evident when populations become isolated, either through geographic distance or by other mechanisms that prevent genetic exchange. Over time, isolated populations can branch off into new species.The majority of genetic mutations neither assist, change the appearance of, nor bring harm to individuals. Through the process of genetic drift, these mutated genes are neutrally sorted among populations and survive across generations by chance alone. In contrast to genetic drift, natural selection is not a random process because it acts on traits that are necessary for survival and reproduction. Natural selection and random genetic drift are constant and dynamic parts of life and over time this has shaped the branching structure in the tree of life.The modern understanding of evolution began with the 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. In addition, Gregor Mendel's work with plants helped to explain the hereditary patterns of genetics. Fossil discoveries in paleontology, advances in population genetics and a global network of scientific research have provided further details into the mechanisms of evolution. Scientists now have a good understanding of the origin of new species (speciation) and have observed the speciation process in the laboratory and in the wild. Evolution is the principal scientific theory that biologists use to understand life and is used in many disciplines, including medicine, psychology, conservation biology, anthropology, forensics, agriculture and other social-cultural applications.