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Institute of Actuaries of India INDICATIVE SOLUTIONS November 2012 Examinations
... Transactions costs and liquidity factors. Many models ignore transactions costs and assume that markets are perfectly liquid. Such assumptions are very convenient for modelling purposes, but can lead to major errors where transactions costs are significant or market liquidity is limited. Interest Ra ...
... Transactions costs and liquidity factors. Many models ignore transactions costs and assume that markets are perfectly liquid. Such assumptions are very convenient for modelling purposes, but can lead to major errors where transactions costs are significant or market liquidity is limited. Interest Ra ...
The case for prudent financial liberalisation and its policy implications
... credit is a major constraint for their investment, with 41% of even medium enterprises in SSA saying that lack of credit hinders their investment. Another important issue is the cost of credit, especially for SMEs. In countries like Ghana, reportedly the cost of SME lending, and especially the sprea ...
... credit is a major constraint for their investment, with 41% of even medium enterprises in SSA saying that lack of credit hinders their investment. Another important issue is the cost of credit, especially for SMEs. In countries like Ghana, reportedly the cost of SME lending, and especially the sprea ...
OUTLOOK
... super-cycle. Monetary policy has been used to stabilise the economy when an external shock occurs since the 1980s. Policy makers have succeeded in restricting the economic and financial harm caused by a recession by easing monetary policy and triggering a new private debt cycle. This super-cycle ha ...
... super-cycle. Monetary policy has been used to stabilise the economy when an external shock occurs since the 1980s. Policy makers have succeeded in restricting the economic and financial harm caused by a recession by easing monetary policy and triggering a new private debt cycle. This super-cycle ha ...
towards more responsibility and competitiveness in the european
... probability that companies or governments will be able to repay their debt. The crisis showed that often CRAs failed to produce sufficiently reliable ratings. This could be because of conflicts of interest where they were being paid by the organisations they rated. This, combined with a trusting app ...
... probability that companies or governments will be able to repay their debt. The crisis showed that often CRAs failed to produce sufficiently reliable ratings. This could be because of conflicts of interest where they were being paid by the organisations they rated. This, combined with a trusting app ...
Uneasy calm gives way to turbulence
... Sources: US Energy Information Administration; Bloomberg; Datastream; national data. ...
... Sources: US Energy Information Administration; Bloomberg; Datastream; national data. ...
Emerging economies still punch well below their weight in
... The combined output of the developing economies accounted for 38% of world GDP (at market exchange rates) in 2010, twice its share in 1990 (see upper chart). On reasonable assumptions, it could exceed the developed world’s within seven years. If GDP is instead measured at purchasing-power parity, w ...
... The combined output of the developing economies accounted for 38% of world GDP (at market exchange rates) in 2010, twice its share in 1990 (see upper chart). On reasonable assumptions, it could exceed the developed world’s within seven years. If GDP is instead measured at purchasing-power parity, w ...
VFC: Explanation for Difference in Profit after tax in Separate
... dongs in reverting accrual provision for long-term financial investment and in 2016, the company boosted in borrowing capital for business operation and investment, which made the borrowing expense increase by 2.2 billion dongs. Management expense rose by 4.6 billion dongs due to the increase in sal ...
... dongs in reverting accrual provision for long-term financial investment and in 2016, the company boosted in borrowing capital for business operation and investment, which made the borrowing expense increase by 2.2 billion dongs. Management expense rose by 4.6 billion dongs due to the increase in sal ...
(c) Are official and private flows complementary?
... Brothers, Bear Sterns, Credit Suisse, FTSE, JP Morgan, IIF) The percentage represents the average presence in their analysis. Only countries analyzed by more than 30% of them appear on the graph. ...
... Brothers, Bear Sterns, Credit Suisse, FTSE, JP Morgan, IIF) The percentage represents the average presence in their analysis. Only countries analyzed by more than 30% of them appear on the graph. ...
Capital Markets
... S I N G T CA The accounting identities imply that if output equals expenditures, then borrowing equals lending – this is how we will look at the capital market ...
... S I N G T CA The accounting identities imply that if output equals expenditures, then borrowing equals lending – this is how we will look at the capital market ...
Monetary Policy and Asset Prices Revisited Donald L. Kohn
... this one. Specifically, they have urged central banks, upon perceiving the development of an asset bubble, to take extra action by tightening policy beyond what the conventional strategy would suggest, with the hope of limiting the size of the bubble and thus the fallout from its deflation. Such a s ...
... this one. Specifically, they have urged central banks, upon perceiving the development of an asset bubble, to take extra action by tightening policy beyond what the conventional strategy would suggest, with the hope of limiting the size of the bubble and thus the fallout from its deflation. Such a s ...
1 - Blackwell Publishing
... How may corporate taxes make a firm’s borrowing decision relevant? Why might debt financing increase the total cash flows that a firm distributes to its debt and equity security holders? Corporate taxes may affect a firm’s borrowing decision because the interest payments are a tax-deductible expense ...
... How may corporate taxes make a firm’s borrowing decision relevant? Why might debt financing increase the total cash flows that a firm distributes to its debt and equity security holders? Corporate taxes may affect a firm’s borrowing decision because the interest payments are a tax-deductible expense ...
Sector Accounts Metadata Introduction Sector accounts present a
... non-produced non-financial assets are recorded as uses for the different sectors. Capital transfers are recorded and combined with Saving and the resulting balancing item is B.10.1 changes in net worth due to saving and capital transfers. The balancing item of this account is B.9 net lending (+) or ...
... non-produced non-financial assets are recorded as uses for the different sectors. Capital transfers are recorded and combined with Saving and the resulting balancing item is B.10.1 changes in net worth due to saving and capital transfers. The balancing item of this account is B.9 net lending (+) or ...
with Personal Statements of
... external reserves which stood at US$49.13 billion as at May 16, 2013. This represents an increase of US$5.3 billion or 12.1 per cent above the level of US$43.83 billion at end-December 2012. This level of reserves could finance approximately 13 months of import. The Committee’s Considerations The Co ...
... external reserves which stood at US$49.13 billion as at May 16, 2013. This represents an increase of US$5.3 billion or 12.1 per cent above the level of US$43.83 billion at end-December 2012. This level of reserves could finance approximately 13 months of import. The Committee’s Considerations The Co ...
Chapter 14
... Traditional cash flow equals net income plus depreciation expense and deferred taxes Also adjust for changes in operating assets and liabilities that use or provide cash ...
... Traditional cash flow equals net income plus depreciation expense and deferred taxes Also adjust for changes in operating assets and liabilities that use or provide cash ...
Governance, Transparency and Good Portfolio Management
... favored when industrial production is increasing Low equity volatility in a rising stock environment is bullish for equities. ...
... favored when industrial production is increasing Low equity volatility in a rising stock environment is bullish for equities. ...
Does Saving really matter for Growth in Developing Countries?
... inflow in many developing countries, particularly the Nigerian economy, the paper intends to uncover the likely complementary role of foreign resources inflow in this relationship. This study is germane because discovering the appropriate direction of causation has important policy implications for ...
... inflow in many developing countries, particularly the Nigerian economy, the paper intends to uncover the likely complementary role of foreign resources inflow in this relationship. This study is germane because discovering the appropriate direction of causation has important policy implications for ...
Institutional Sector Accounts (ISA) technical notes
... non-produced non-financial assets are recorded as uses for the different sectors. Capital transfers are recorded and combined with Saving and the resulting balancing item is B.10.1 changes in net worth due to saving and capital transfers. The balancing item of this account is B.9 net lending (+) or ...
... non-produced non-financial assets are recorded as uses for the different sectors. Capital transfers are recorded and combined with Saving and the resulting balancing item is B.10.1 changes in net worth due to saving and capital transfers. The balancing item of this account is B.9 net lending (+) or ...
Global imbalance refers to
... having sustained deficits is that they accumulate external debts, which may be ...
... having sustained deficits is that they accumulate external debts, which may be ...
Sector Accounts Technical notes Introduction Sector accounts
... non-produced non-financial assets are recorded as uses for the different sectors. Capital transfers are recorded and combined with Saving and the resulting balancing item is B.10.1 changes in net worth due to saving and capital transfers. The balancing item of this account is B.9 net lending (+) or ...
... non-produced non-financial assets are recorded as uses for the different sectors. Capital transfers are recorded and combined with Saving and the resulting balancing item is B.10.1 changes in net worth due to saving and capital transfers. The balancing item of this account is B.9 net lending (+) or ...