ppt - Duke Computer Science
... – If your roommate is wet, it is because of rain, sprinklers, or both – If your roommate is wet because of sprinklers, the sprinklers must be on – If your roommate is wet because of rain, your roommate must not be carrying the umbrella ...
... – If your roommate is wet, it is because of rain, sprinklers, or both – If your roommate is wet because of sprinklers, the sprinklers must be on – If your roommate is wet because of rain, your roommate must not be carrying the umbrella ...
HINDU SCRIPTURES (Contents taken from the book
... These embody all that is in the Vedas, but only in a simpler manner. These are called the SuhritSamhitas or the Friendly Treatises, while the Vedas are called the Prabhu-Samhitas or the Commanding Treatises with great authority. These works explain the great universal truths in the form of historica ...
... These embody all that is in the Vedas, but only in a simpler manner. These are called the SuhritSamhitas or the Friendly Treatises, while the Vedas are called the Prabhu-Samhitas or the Commanding Treatises with great authority. These works explain the great universal truths in the form of historica ...
Meaningful to Behold - Tharpa Publications
... journey to the shop was a complete waste of time. Similarly, if upon completion of this text we are unable to recall what is contained within each of its chapters, we should be ashamed of ourself. If our study of this text is to be worthwhile and not a complete waste of time, we should not only read ...
... journey to the shop was a complete waste of time. Similarly, if upon completion of this text we are unable to recall what is contained within each of its chapters, we should be ashamed of ourself. If our study of this text is to be worthwhile and not a complete waste of time, we should not only read ...
September 16th, 2003 lecture notes as a ppt file
... • It could be the case that, as it stands, we cannot make a reasoned defense of either a denial or affirmation regarding the existence of an after-life (or after-death). • This doesn’t have to finish the discussion. We have three possible responses open to us. • (1) We can simply adopt a denial that ...
... • It could be the case that, as it stands, we cannot make a reasoned defense of either a denial or affirmation regarding the existence of an after-life (or after-death). • This doesn’t have to finish the discussion. We have three possible responses open to us. • (1) We can simply adopt a denial that ...
Belief closure: A semantics of common knowledge for
... partitions, and then explains that this definition can be rephrased into more intuitive terms, using the notion of a 'reachable' state of the world. Very roughly speaking, definition 1 is of the circular kind, and definition 2 of the iterate kind. However, in view of the immediate mathematical equiv ...
... partitions, and then explains that this definition can be rephrased into more intuitive terms, using the notion of a 'reachable' state of the world. Very roughly speaking, definition 1 is of the circular kind, and definition 2 of the iterate kind. However, in view of the immediate mathematical equiv ...
9. “… if and only if …”
... Human Understanding, Hume lays out his principles for knowledge, and then advices us to clean up our libraries: When we run over libraries, persuaded of these principles, what havoc must we make? If we take in our hand any volume of divinity or school metaphysics, for instance, let us ask, Does it c ...
... Human Understanding, Hume lays out his principles for knowledge, and then advices us to clean up our libraries: When we run over libraries, persuaded of these principles, what havoc must we make? If we take in our hand any volume of divinity or school metaphysics, for instance, let us ask, Does it c ...
Propositional logic, I
... If KB has the value True in the real world, then any sentence derived from KB by a sound inference procedure has also the value True in the real world. » Completeness of the inference mechanism is also desirable (Gödel says: not always possible). ...
... If KB has the value True in the real world, then any sentence derived from KB by a sound inference procedure has also the value True in the real world. » Completeness of the inference mechanism is also desirable (Gödel says: not always possible). ...
Lesson 12
... is often computationally expensive. Notice that even if inference is not complete it is desirable that it is sound. Propositional Logic and Predicate Logic each with Modus Ponens as their inference produce are sound but not complete. We shall see that we need further (sound) rules of inference to ac ...
... is often computationally expensive. Notice that even if inference is not complete it is desirable that it is sound. Propositional Logic and Predicate Logic each with Modus Ponens as their inference produce are sound but not complete. We shall see that we need further (sound) rules of inference to ac ...
Propositional logic, I (Lógica Proposicional, I)
... Validity: A wff is said to be valid if it has the value True under all possible interpretations. Ex. T,T∨P,¬P∨P,P⇒P,P⇒(Q⇒P),((P⇒ Q)⇒P)⇒P » A valid wff is a tautology (it is devoid of meaning about the world). Metatheorem 1: if ¬w is unsatisfiable, then the wff w is valid, and viceversa. ...
... Validity: A wff is said to be valid if it has the value True under all possible interpretations. Ex. T,T∨P,¬P∨P,P⇒P,P⇒(Q⇒P),((P⇒ Q)⇒P)⇒P » A valid wff is a tautology (it is devoid of meaning about the world). Metatheorem 1: if ¬w is unsatisfiable, then the wff w is valid, and viceversa. ...
Variations on a Montagovian Theme
... standard vocabulary of arithmetic, so that it can express things like 2 + 2 = 4. A theory is arithmetically sound if it does not contain any arithmetical falsehoods (like 2 + 2 = 5). The set L of logical truths, for example, is arithmetically sound, but it also contains very few arithmetical truths. ...
... standard vocabulary of arithmetic, so that it can express things like 2 + 2 = 4. A theory is arithmetically sound if it does not contain any arithmetical falsehoods (like 2 + 2 = 5). The set L of logical truths, for example, is arithmetically sound, but it also contains very few arithmetical truths. ...
WUMPUS
... map (as opposed to a rectangular grid like the even older Star Trek games). • In this respect, as in the dungeon-like setting and its terse, amusing messages, it prefigured ADVENT and Zork. •It was directly ancestral to both. – (Zork acknowledged this heritage by including a super-bat colony.) – Tod ...
... map (as opposed to a rectangular grid like the even older Star Trek games). • In this respect, as in the dungeon-like setting and its terse, amusing messages, it prefigured ADVENT and Zork. •It was directly ancestral to both. – (Zork acknowledged this heritage by including a super-bat colony.) – Tod ...
• Use mathematical deduction to derive new knowledge. • Predicate
... • A propositional sentence is valid (TRUE) if and only if it is true under all possible interpretations in all possible domains. • For example: If Today_Is_Tuesday Then We_Have_Class ...
... • A propositional sentence is valid (TRUE) if and only if it is true under all possible interpretations in all possible domains. • For example: If Today_Is_Tuesday Then We_Have_Class ...
Wumpus world in Propositional logic.
... • The meaning or semantics of a sentence determines its interpretation. • Given the truth values of all of symbols in a sentence, it can be “evaluated” to determine its truth value (True or False). • A model for a KB is a “possible world” in which each sentence in the KB is True. • A valid sentence ...
... • The meaning or semantics of a sentence determines its interpretation. • Given the truth values of all of symbols in a sentence, it can be “evaluated” to determine its truth value (True or False). • A model for a KB is a “possible world” in which each sentence in the KB is True. • A valid sentence ...
Philosophy 165: Epistemology
... Answer: False, Gettier is not arguing that the tripartite analysis is wholly wrong. (pg 83) 2. You can have JTB, even if one precipice is false. Answer: False, If one precipice is false then you do not have sufficient condition for the proposition for the truth. (Analysis 23 ( 1963): 121-123.) 3. Re ...
... Answer: False, Gettier is not arguing that the tripartite analysis is wholly wrong. (pg 83) 2. You can have JTB, even if one precipice is false. Answer: False, If one precipice is false then you do not have sufficient condition for the proposition for the truth. (Analysis 23 ( 1963): 121-123.) 3. Re ...
Logic and Reasoning
... • If KB entails S, then there should be a sequence of inferences through resolution that will lead to at least one clause that cannot be satisfied by any model • Idea: Keep apply resolution to all the pairs of clauses in KB ^ ¬S until: – We can’t find anymore clauses to resolve KB does not entail ...
... • If KB entails S, then there should be a sequence of inferences through resolution that will lead to at least one clause that cannot be satisfied by any model • Idea: Keep apply resolution to all the pairs of clauses in KB ^ ¬S until: – We can’t find anymore clauses to resolve KB does not entail ...
Hindu Scriptures
... While the vedas and agamas are shared as part of every Hindu's primary scripture, shruti, each sect and lineage defines its own unique set of smriti. The sacred literature, punya shastra, from which smriti is drawn consists of writings, both ancient and modern, in many languages. Especially central ...
... While the vedas and agamas are shared as part of every Hindu's primary scripture, shruti, each sect and lineage defines its own unique set of smriti. The sacred literature, punya shastra, from which smriti is drawn consists of writings, both ancient and modern, in many languages. Especially central ...
ppt
... • A propositional sentence is valid (TRUE) if and only if it is true under all possible interpretations in all possible domains. • For example: If Today_Is_Tuesday Then We_Have_Class ...
... • A propositional sentence is valid (TRUE) if and only if it is true under all possible interpretations in all possible domains. • For example: If Today_Is_Tuesday Then We_Have_Class ...
Vajra-Suchika Upanishad
... hand-- The Atman that is One without a second (or is beyond compare), (That is) bereft of (distinctions of) clan and (is not composed of) the constituents of Prakriti (guNa-hInaM), and actionless, (That is) free of all defects like the six infirmities (viz. old age, death, sorrow, delusion, hunger a ...
... hand-- The Atman that is One without a second (or is beyond compare), (That is) bereft of (distinctions of) clan and (is not composed of) the constituents of Prakriti (guNa-hInaM), and actionless, (That is) free of all defects like the six infirmities (viz. old age, death, sorrow, delusion, hunger a ...
Critical Terminology for Theory of Knowledge
... Justification: The term “justification” is used in two senses. Broadly, it is sometimes taken to be synonymous with whatever needs to be added to true belief in order to produce knowledge. Narrowly, it refers to those internal features of an individual’s cognitive state that make it reasonable or r ...
... Justification: The term “justification” is used in two senses. Broadly, it is sometimes taken to be synonymous with whatever needs to be added to true belief in order to produce knowledge. Narrowly, it refers to those internal features of an individual’s cognitive state that make it reasonable or r ...
Yoga is one of our ancient Hindu sciences given to us by our
... Yoga is one of our ancient Hindu sciences given to us by our ancestors. It is a way of life and not just a few postures, meditation and breathing techniques. Yoga has originated from the ancient Hindu Scripture – Veda. The meaning of Veda is Gnaana or Knowledge. Sage Patanjali, has hand picked secti ...
... Yoga is one of our ancient Hindu sciences given to us by our ancestors. It is a way of life and not just a few postures, meditation and breathing techniques. Yoga has originated from the ancient Hindu Scripture – Veda. The meaning of Veda is Gnaana or Knowledge. Sage Patanjali, has hand picked secti ...
SP07 cs188 lecture 1..
... His vision of the Web was much more ambitious than the reality of the existing (syntactic) Web: “… a plan for achieving a set of connected applications for data on the Web in such a way as to form a consistent logical web of data …” ...
... His vision of the Web was much more ambitious than the reality of the existing (syntactic) Web: “… a plan for achieving a set of connected applications for data on the Web in such a way as to form a consistent logical web of data …” ...
Glossary of Sanskrit and Indic terms and phrases
... In Hinduism, Aditi (Sanskrit - limitless) is a goddess of the sky, consciousness, the past, the future and fertility. She is an ancient goddess, mother of Agni and the Adityas with Kashyapa. She is associated with cows, a very holy animal in Hindu beliefs. Aditi is the daughter of Daksha and Veerni. ...
... In Hinduism, Aditi (Sanskrit - limitless) is a goddess of the sky, consciousness, the past, the future and fertility. She is an ancient goddess, mother of Agni and the Adityas with Kashyapa. She is associated with cows, a very holy animal in Hindu beliefs. Aditi is the daughter of Daksha and Veerni. ...
Logical Omniscience As Infeasibility - boris
... level of rationality embedded in it: with every known fact, an agent knows all equivalent facts because this semantics is extensional. While seeming perfectly rational, this does smuggle at least some level of logical omniscience: it is not possible for the agent to know simple tautologies but to be ...
... level of rationality embedded in it: with every known fact, an agent knows all equivalent facts because this semantics is extensional. While seeming perfectly rational, this does smuggle at least some level of logical omniscience: it is not possible for the agent to know simple tautologies but to be ...
Distributed Knowledge
... some examples of semantics that can with some plausibility be called variations on the possible worlds view those that introduce `impossible possible worlds', the so-called `awareness logics,' and perhaps situation theory can be classi ed under this heading as well. However, the operators Ka , even ...
... some examples of semantics that can with some plausibility be called variations on the possible worlds view those that introduce `impossible possible worlds', the so-called `awareness logics,' and perhaps situation theory can be classi ed under this heading as well. However, the operators Ka , even ...
Grade 5 PBA/MYA
... i) Tasks have “thin context” or no context. ii) Tasks involve the decimal point in a substantial way (e.g. by involving, for example, a comparison of a tenths digit to a thousandths digit or a tenths digit to a tens digit). i) Tasks assess conceptual understanding, e.g. by including a mixture (both ...
... i) Tasks have “thin context” or no context. ii) Tasks involve the decimal point in a substantial way (e.g. by involving, for example, a comparison of a tenths digit to a thousandths digit or a tenths digit to a tens digit). i) Tasks assess conceptual understanding, e.g. by including a mixture (both ...