ppt
... F T ,V , N kB T ln Z Recall the analogy between and Z: S U ,V , N kB ln For a microcanonical ensemble, we know the answer for total: total 1 2 ... N How about the canonical ensemble? Z total exp E1 s E2 s ...
... F T ,V , N kB T ln Z Recall the analogy between and Z: S U ,V , N kB ln For a microcanonical ensemble, we know the answer for total: total 1 2 ... N How about the canonical ensemble? Z total exp E1 s E2 s ...
Coupling-Matrix Approach to the Chern Number Calculation in
... define twisted boundary conditions for a single-particle wavefunction of the system ϕθ (x + Lx , y) = eiθx ϕθ (x, y) and ϕθ (x, y + Ly ) = eiθy ϕθ (x, y) with θ = (θx , θy ) and 0 ≤ θx , θy ≤ 2π. The wavefunction is in general a row vector in the space of inner degrees of freedom, such as spin and s ...
... define twisted boundary conditions for a single-particle wavefunction of the system ϕθ (x + Lx , y) = eiθx ϕθ (x, y) and ϕθ (x, y + Ly ) = eiθy ϕθ (x, y) with θ = (θx , θy ) and 0 ≤ θx , θy ≤ 2π. The wavefunction is in general a row vector in the space of inner degrees of freedom, such as spin and s ...
review on the quantum spin Hall effect by Macijeko, Hughes, and
... The lack of a bulk local order parameter description à la Ginzburg-Landau and the existence of boundary states robust to disorder both can be understood as defining characteristics of a topological state of quantum matter. A useful concept in this context is that of bulk-edge correspondence (5), of ...
... The lack of a bulk local order parameter description à la Ginzburg-Landau and the existence of boundary states robust to disorder both can be understood as defining characteristics of a topological state of quantum matter. A useful concept in this context is that of bulk-edge correspondence (5), of ...
Differentiation of vectors
... This is read as del or nabla and is not to be confused with ∆, the capital Greek letter delta. One can form “products” of this vector with other vectors and scalars, but because it is an operator, it always has to be the first term if the product is to make sense. For example, if f is a scalar field ...
... This is read as del or nabla and is not to be confused with ∆, the capital Greek letter delta. One can form “products” of this vector with other vectors and scalars, but because it is an operator, it always has to be the first term if the product is to make sense. For example, if f is a scalar field ...
Temporal interferences driven by a single-cycle terahertz pulse in the... dynamics of negative ions
... a negative ion by absorbing one photon from a weak laser field while, in strong field and ultrafast physics, the initial electron wave is usually generated through the strong-field tunneling process [15], or launched by a series of attosecond pulses [16], or just using an ultrashort electron pulse [ ...
... a negative ion by absorbing one photon from a weak laser field while, in strong field and ultrafast physics, the initial electron wave is usually generated through the strong-field tunneling process [15], or launched by a series of attosecond pulses [16], or just using an ultrashort electron pulse [ ...
Paper
... Atoms in the jmF 苷 21典 state can be produced by spin relaxation, wherein two mF 苷 0 atoms collide to produce an atom in the jmF 苷 1典 and the jmF 苷 21典 state. Their production is influenced by two competing effects: a quadratic Zeeman energy shift suppresses spin relaxation by lowering the energy of ...
... Atoms in the jmF 苷 21典 state can be produced by spin relaxation, wherein two mF 苷 0 atoms collide to produce an atom in the jmF 苷 1典 and the jmF 苷 21典 state. Their production is influenced by two competing effects: a quadratic Zeeman energy shift suppresses spin relaxation by lowering the energy of ...
Reaction rate theory: What it was, where is it today, and where is it
... Starting from Arrhenius 关Z. Phys. Chem. 4, 226 共1889兲兴, we follow especially the formulation of transition state theory by Wigner 关Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. B 19, 203 共1932兲兴 and Eyring 关J. Chem. Phys. 3, 107 共1935兲兴. Transition state theory 共TST兲 made it possible to obtain quick estimates for reaction ra ...
... Starting from Arrhenius 关Z. Phys. Chem. 4, 226 共1889兲兴, we follow especially the formulation of transition state theory by Wigner 关Z. Phys. Chem. Abt. B 19, 203 共1932兲兴 and Eyring 关J. Chem. Phys. 3, 107 共1935兲兴. Transition state theory 共TST兲 made it possible to obtain quick estimates for reaction ra ...
How far are we from the quantum theory of gravity?
... theory. When a path integral is involved it should be fully defined in terms of a well defined measure, or else expressed as a discrete summation. This led in each case to two lists, the first of results, the second of conjectures and open issues. These are summarized in Table 1, which indicates th ...
... theory. When a path integral is involved it should be fully defined in terms of a well defined measure, or else expressed as a discrete summation. This led in each case to two lists, the first of results, the second of conjectures and open issues. These are summarized in Table 1, which indicates th ...
propagation methods for quantum molecular dynamics
... This meanstlhat the expansion coefficients a, are the discrete functional transform of the function ~. Within the frameworkof the pseudo-spectral approach, the action of the operator 6 (i.e. the mappinggenerated by the operator, ~b = 6~) is handled effectively. Local operators in coordinate space, s ...
... This meanstlhat the expansion coefficients a, are the discrete functional transform of the function ~. Within the frameworkof the pseudo-spectral approach, the action of the operator 6 (i.e. the mappinggenerated by the operator, ~b = 6~) is handled effectively. Local operators in coordinate space, s ...
The Casimir Effect: Some Aspects
... prediction. However, due to a very poor accuracy achieved in this experiment, only compatibility between experimental data and theory was established. One of the great difficulties was to maintain a perfect parallelism between the plates. Four decades have passed, approximately, until new experiment ...
... prediction. However, due to a very poor accuracy achieved in this experiment, only compatibility between experimental data and theory was established. One of the great difficulties was to maintain a perfect parallelism between the plates. Four decades have passed, approximately, until new experiment ...