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Beyond Heisenberg`s Uncertainty Limits - CFCUL
Beyond Heisenberg`s Uncertainty Limits - CFCUL

Syllabus Science Physics Sem-3-4 (wef.2012-13)
Syllabus Science Physics Sem-3-4 (wef.2012-13)

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... (phase locking) the whole set of modes a condensed in the state |αi. We have thus a correlation mediated by a phase (not by a force). Since coherent states are defined only in the limit n → ∞, the summation in Eq. (18) cannot be approximated by any finite number of terms and we thus see that coheren ...
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Physics News from the AIP No 2, Term 1 2005
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... liquid crystal molecules are randomly oriented, giving rise to isotropic properties. At lower temperatures, below TNI, the molecules align parallel to each other. This is known as the nematic phase. This alignment is described as a function of space with a vector, n(r), referred to as the director f ...
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... Another interesting theorem used for quantum-mechanical contextuality is the Kochen-Specker theorem, which can be seen as a complement to Bell’s theorem. This is since they describe the same concept, but in this case for spin 1 particles instead of spin 1/2 particles. In this sense Bell’s theorem is ...
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... homomorphisms if they differ by conjugation by an element of the group. This enables us, as far as counting parameters is concerned, to remove another element of G from the description of the hornomorphism. Thus, the dimension of the moduli space is 2g - 2 times the dimension of G. Various choices o ...
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... star-triangle relation for other types o f Lie algebras and various finite-dimensional representations [DJMO, DJKMO, JMO]. We conjecture that all these solutions come from the connection matrices of our q-difference equations. The star-triangle relation is only the very first fundamental aspect of i ...
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... example the muon, using N = 2 or N = 4 would result in 33% difference instead of 0.6% for the obviously correct N = 3. For the heavier kaon, this error would still be an order of magnitude higher than given in Table 2. Therefore, even if the mass of a particle calculated separately for one isolated ...
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Canonical quantization

In physics, canonical quantization is a procedure for quantizing a classical theory, while attempting to preserve the formal structure, such as symmetries, of the classical theory, to the greatest extent possible.Historically, this was not quite Werner Heisenberg's route to obtaining quantum mechanics, but Paul Dirac introduced it in his 1926 doctoral thesis, the ""method of classical analogy"" for quantization, and detailed it in his classic text. The word canonical arises from the Hamiltonian approach to classical mechanics, in which a system's dynamics is generated via canonical Poisson brackets, a structure which is only partially preserved in canonical quantization.This method was further used in the context of quantum field theory by Paul Dirac, in his construction of quantum electrodynamics. In the field theory context, it is also called second quantization, in contrast to the semi-classical first quantization for single particles.
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