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Chapter 6: Integrity and Security Domain Constraints
Chapter 6: Integrity and Security Domain Constraints

... single action can be executed for all rows affected by a single transaction ★ Use for each statement instead of for each row ★ Use referencing old table or referencing new table to refer to temporary tables containing the affected rows ...
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...  The foreign key clause of the create table statement includes both a list of the attributes that comprise the foreign key and the name of the relation referenced by the foreign key.  By default, a foreign key references the primary key attributes of the ...
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Serializability

In concurrency control of databases, transaction processing (transaction management), and various transactional applications (e.g., transactional memory and software transactional memory), both centralized and distributed, a transaction schedule is serializable if its outcome (e.g., the resulting database state) is equal to the outcome of its transactions executed serially, i.e., sequentially without overlapping in time. Transactions are normally executed concurrently (they overlap), since this is the most efficient way. Serializability is the major correctness criterion for concurrent transactions' executions. It is considered the highest level of isolation between transactions, and plays an essential role in concurrency control. As such it is supported in all general purpose database systems. Strong strict two-phase locking (SS2PL) is a popular serializability mechanism utilized in most of the database systems (in various variants) since their early days in the 1970s.Serializability theory provides the formal framework to reason about and analyze serializability and its techniques. Though it is mathematical in nature, its fundamentals are informally (without mathematics notation) introduced below.
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