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Lecture 16 PowerPoint
Lecture 16 PowerPoint

... A deadlock is a situation when two (or more) users, each having a lock on one piece of data, attempt to acquire a lock on the other’s piece. Unless one of the user processes is terminated, each user would wait indefinitely for the other to release the lock. SQL Server detects deadlocks and terminate ...
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... because of a condition that is transitory, and applications can try the request again after getting the exception. XCC will automatically retry retryable exceptions in single-statement transactions. You can control the maximum number of retryable exceptions with the RequestOptions interface. Multi-s ...
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... source of applications, they use more than one DBMS, like In information technology, backup refers to making copies SQL Server [1], Oracle [2], Sybase, DB2 and others. Each one of data so that these additional copies may be used to restore of these has a specific interface and tool for back up and t ...
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... model consistency, or to check the correctness of operations. The Alloy analyzer checks assertions by feeding them into an off-the-shelf SAT solver. A counter-example is shown when an assertion is not valid. In our example, the assertion states that no filesystem can be empty. This holds because the ...
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... be achieved with a minimal coding effort. The major disadvantages are the entry costs that a DBMS imposes on its clients, as well as the impossibility of directly manipulating DBMS-internal data structures. Our main design goals are upward compatibility and maximum reuse of the underlying DBMS. Anot ...
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... that those turned over by a classic Database Management System (DBMS). Some applications do not need exact answers. However, flexible querying can be expensive in response time. This time is more significant when the flexible querying require the calculation of aggregate functions (“Sum”, “Avg”, “Co ...
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...  If there is a chain of foreign-key dependencies across multiple relations, with on delete cascade specified for each dependency, a deletion or update at one end of the chain can propagate across the entire chain.  If a cascading update to delete causes a constraint violation that cannot be handle ...
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... Because ODBC has been around for quite a while (longer than the Java language), ODBC drivers are rather ubiquitous. This makes this type of JDBC driver a good choice for learning how to connect Java programs to databases. In fact, there are even ODBC drivers that let you assign an ODBC data source t ...
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Serializability

In concurrency control of databases, transaction processing (transaction management), and various transactional applications (e.g., transactional memory and software transactional memory), both centralized and distributed, a transaction schedule is serializable if its outcome (e.g., the resulting database state) is equal to the outcome of its transactions executed serially, i.e., sequentially without overlapping in time. Transactions are normally executed concurrently (they overlap), since this is the most efficient way. Serializability is the major correctness criterion for concurrent transactions' executions. It is considered the highest level of isolation between transactions, and plays an essential role in concurrency control. As such it is supported in all general purpose database systems. Strong strict two-phase locking (SS2PL) is a popular serializability mechanism utilized in most of the database systems (in various variants) since their early days in the 1970s.Serializability theory provides the formal framework to reason about and analyze serializability and its techniques. Though it is mathematical in nature, its fundamentals are informally (without mathematics notation) introduced below.
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