The origins of electrical resistivity in magnetic reconnection:
... sheet but not at its center, and that their observed intensity is about an order of magnitude low in order to account for magnetic reconnection (Shinohara, 1996). The electron inertia and/or the off-diagonal terms of electron pressure tensor break the frozen-in state of plasmas. They appear in the e ...
... sheet but not at its center, and that their observed intensity is about an order of magnitude low in order to account for magnetic reconnection (Shinohara, 1996). The electron inertia and/or the off-diagonal terms of electron pressure tensor break the frozen-in state of plasmas. They appear in the e ...
On wind-driven electrojets at magnetic cusps
... field to form magnetic cusps. On the nightside, solar wind electron precipitation can produce enhanced ionization at cusps while closed field regions adjacent to cusps can be devoid of significant ionization. Using an electron transport model, we calculate the spatial structure of the nightside iono ...
... field to form magnetic cusps. On the nightside, solar wind electron precipitation can produce enhanced ionization at cusps while closed field regions adjacent to cusps can be devoid of significant ionization. Using an electron transport model, we calculate the spatial structure of the nightside iono ...
Unit 27
... forces both on freely moving charges and on electrical currents in conductors. We have postulated the existence of a mathematical entity called the magnetic field in order to introduce the Lorentz force law as a way of mathematically describing the nature of the force that a permanent magnet can exe ...
... forces both on freely moving charges and on electrical currents in conductors. We have postulated the existence of a mathematical entity called the magnetic field in order to introduce the Lorentz force law as a way of mathematically describing the nature of the force that a permanent magnet can exe ...
Magnetic Mysteries
... not magnetically sensitive, but it is an excellent conductor of electricity. When either magnet falls through the copper pipe, there is a current of electricity that is induced. The neodymium magnet creates a greater amount of current than any other kind of permanent magnet since it is much stronger ...
... not magnetically sensitive, but it is an excellent conductor of electricity. When either magnet falls through the copper pipe, there is a current of electricity that is induced. The neodymium magnet creates a greater amount of current than any other kind of permanent magnet since it is much stronger ...
"periodic principle" in the development of propulsion
... The working medium is an agent applied in a particular propulsion, whose function is to absorb one kind of energy and then to return this energy in the form of a force interaction creating the motion. Examples of working medium are: the force of mechanical elasticity (in a bow), running water (in a ...
... The working medium is an agent applied in a particular propulsion, whose function is to absorb one kind of energy and then to return this energy in the form of a force interaction creating the motion. Examples of working medium are: the force of mechanical elasticity (in a bow), running water (in a ...
Magnetic Field in a Time-Dependent Capacitor
... construed as evidence that time-dependent magnetic fields are only due to displacement currents, since we can equally well perform calculations that do not use the displacement currents. Rather, we follow Maxwell in noting that both conduction and displacement currents exist, and either or both types ...
... construed as evidence that time-dependent magnetic fields are only due to displacement currents, since we can equally well perform calculations that do not use the displacement currents. Rather, we follow Maxwell in noting that both conduction and displacement currents exist, and either or both types ...
Chapter 28 Magnetism
... rods in Figure (2b), repeated here again in Figure (4), then the net charge should produce a radial electric field whose strength is given by the formula λ ...
... rods in Figure (2b), repeated here again in Figure (4), then the net charge should produce a radial electric field whose strength is given by the formula λ ...
Magnetic field
A magnetic field is the magnetic effect of electric currents and magnetic materials. The magnetic field at any given point is specified by both a direction and a magnitude (or strength); as such it is a vector field. The term is used for two distinct but closely related fields denoted by the symbols B and H, where H is measured in units of amperes per meter (symbol: A·m−1 or A/m) in the SI. B is measured in teslas (symbol:T) and newtons per meter per ampere (symbol: N·m−1·A−1 or N/(m·A)) in the SI. B is most commonly defined in terms of the Lorentz force it exerts on moving electric charges.Magnetic fields can be produced by moving electric charges and the intrinsic magnetic moments of elementary particles associated with a fundamental quantum property, their spin. In special relativity, electric and magnetic fields are two interrelated aspects of a single object, called the electromagnetic tensor; the split of this tensor into electric and magnetic fields depends on the relative velocity of the observer and charge. In quantum physics, the electromagnetic field is quantized and electromagnetic interactions result from the exchange of photons.In everyday life, magnetic fields are most often encountered as a force created by permanent magnets, which pull on ferromagnetic materials such as iron, cobalt, or nickel, and attract or repel other magnets. Magnetic fields are widely used throughout modern technology, particularly in electrical engineering and electromechanics. The Earth produces its own magnetic field, which is important in navigation, and it shields the Earth's atmosphere from solar wind. Rotating magnetic fields are used in both electric motors and generators. Magnetic forces give information about the charge carriers in a material through the Hall effect. The interaction of magnetic fields in electric devices such as transformers is studied in the discipline of magnetic circuits.