Magnetic anisotropies of (Ga,Mn)As films and nanostructures
... energy is minimized. The exchange interaction is a consequence of the Coulomb interaction between the electrons and Pauli’s exclusion principle which can only be understood using quantum-mechanical principles. Electrons with the same spin orientation may not occupy the same electronic state and thus ...
... energy is minimized. The exchange interaction is a consequence of the Coulomb interaction between the electrons and Pauli’s exclusion principle which can only be understood using quantum-mechanical principles. Electrons with the same spin orientation may not occupy the same electronic state and thus ...
2(C8H4O4)2(H2O)4 to Anhydrous Ni2(OH)2(C8H4O4)
... Ni3(OH)2(1,4-CDC)2(H2O)4·4H2O (CDC = cyclohexanedicarboxylate), where heating directly caused amorphization of the compound around 150 °C.27 In other cases, dehydration by heating was evidenced only by the decrease of the metal coordination number, without the occurrence of any other structural rear ...
... Ni3(OH)2(1,4-CDC)2(H2O)4·4H2O (CDC = cyclohexanedicarboxylate), where heating directly caused amorphization of the compound around 150 °C.27 In other cases, dehydration by heating was evidenced only by the decrease of the metal coordination number, without the occurrence of any other structural rear ...
DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD
... considered body is in vacuo. An analysis of the expressions of the mentioned type is not given in literature, but it could be carried out starting from references: [3, p. 192–193, 490–491], [7, p. 258], [17, p. 30, 92, 101, 107], [12], [14]. It is worth noting that Maxwell introduced certain express ...
... considered body is in vacuo. An analysis of the expressions of the mentioned type is not given in literature, but it could be carried out starting from references: [3, p. 192–193, 490–491], [7, p. 258], [17, p. 30, 92, 101, 107], [12], [14]. It is worth noting that Maxwell introduced certain express ...
Antonio Rizzo
... reviewed. Both electric and magnetic field induced second harmonic generation (EFISHG1 & MFISHG2), and the related circular intensity differences (CIDs) in chiral samples, will be discussed. The phenomenon, never having been explored experimentally to date, is related to special nonlinear mixed elec ...
... reviewed. Both electric and magnetic field induced second harmonic generation (EFISHG1 & MFISHG2), and the related circular intensity differences (CIDs) in chiral samples, will be discussed. The phenomenon, never having been explored experimentally to date, is related to special nonlinear mixed elec ...
Calibration of Thermocouple 1. Purpose of this experiment
... As shown in Fig. 1, the thermoelectric potential E12 in the closedloop thermocouple is only relate with the nature of thermocouple and the temperature at the end point, has nothing to do with the length of wire and its crosssection size. When TC is certa ...
... As shown in Fig. 1, the thermoelectric potential E12 in the closedloop thermocouple is only relate with the nature of thermocouple and the temperature at the end point, has nothing to do with the length of wire and its crosssection size. When TC is certa ...
CHARACTERIZING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE HOUGHTON COLLEGE CYCLOTRON By Daniel Haas
... Figure 24. Photograph of the Houghton College Cyclotron.......................................................................... 46 Figure 25. Scale drawing of chamber .................................................................................................................. 48 Figure 26. Sc ...
... Figure 24. Photograph of the Houghton College Cyclotron.......................................................................... 46 Figure 25. Scale drawing of chamber .................................................................................................................. 48 Figure 26. Sc ...
spin states and spin-orbit coupling in
... Bulk gold is a dense, non-magnetic metal with fcc crystal structure and one conduction electron per unit cell. It is a very heavy element, in which relativistic effects are readily observed1 even with the naked eye: the distinct color of gold (with a sudden onset of absorption at 520 nm) is due to a ...
... Bulk gold is a dense, non-magnetic metal with fcc crystal structure and one conduction electron per unit cell. It is a very heavy element, in which relativistic effects are readily observed1 even with the naked eye: the distinct color of gold (with a sudden onset of absorption at 520 nm) is due to a ...
A particle simulation of current sheet instabilities under finite guide
... speed vd ⬃ ion thermal speed vthi, and the plasma  is finite, and thus some of these candidates for the source of resistivity are ineffective. The lower-hybrid drift instability 共LHDI兲 and whistler modes are considered by some to be the most possible instabilities which provide the anomalous resist ...
... speed vd ⬃ ion thermal speed vthi, and the plasma  is finite, and thus some of these candidates for the source of resistivity are ineffective. The lower-hybrid drift instability 共LHDI兲 and whistler modes are considered by some to be the most possible instabilities which provide the anomalous resist ...
Temperature dependence of the charge carrier mobility
... the smallest electron-phonon coupling in this material22 among other aromatic molecular systems, that is also supported by the almost temperature-independent charge mobility in C60 single crystals.23 We show that the MNR effect for the OFET mobility experimentally observed before for other organic s ...
... the smallest electron-phonon coupling in this material22 among other aromatic molecular systems, that is also supported by the almost temperature-independent charge mobility in C60 single crystals.23 We show that the MNR effect for the OFET mobility experimentally observed before for other organic s ...
Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. It was discovered by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It is characterized by the Meissner effect, the complete ejection of magnetic field lines from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting state. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity in classical physics.The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as temperature is lowered. In ordinary conductors, such as copper or silver, this decrease is limited by impurities and other defects. Even near absolute zero, a real sample of a normal conductor shows some resistance. In a superconductor, the resistance drops abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below its critical temperature. An electric current flowing through a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source.In 1986, it was discovered that some cuprate-perovskite ceramic materials have a critical temperature above 90 K (−183 °C). Such a high transition temperature is theoretically impossible for a conventional superconductor, leading the materials to be termed high-temperature superconductors. Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 K, and superconduction at higher temperatures than this facilitates many experiments and applications that are less practical at lower temperatures.