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9.3
9.3

... This is also the acceleration a the mass would have in metres per second squared if it fell freely under gravity at this point (since F = ma). The gravitational field strength and the acceleration due to gravity at a point thus have the same value (i.e. F/m) and the same symbol, g, is used for both. ...
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The Thermodielectric Effect in Paraffin Wax

... where k2 is also a thermodielectric constant depending on given thermodielectric cell and given material. Equation (2) means that the charge Q released from the dielectric during phase change is proportional to the mass m of the dielectric which is melting or freezing. The thermodielectric effect wa ...
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Electromagnet - Cascades Science Center Foundation

... current passes through the wire round around the nail, it creates a magnetic field that reaches out in expanding circles. The magnetic field magnetizes the metal as if it were a permanent magnet. While the regular magnets need to stay “on” all the times, the electromagnet may be turned off. The stre ...
Kein Folientitel
Kein Folientitel

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Superconductivity



Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. It was discovered by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It is characterized by the Meissner effect, the complete ejection of magnetic field lines from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting state. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity in classical physics.The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as temperature is lowered. In ordinary conductors, such as copper or silver, this decrease is limited by impurities and other defects. Even near absolute zero, a real sample of a normal conductor shows some resistance. In a superconductor, the resistance drops abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below its critical temperature. An electric current flowing through a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source.In 1986, it was discovered that some cuprate-perovskite ceramic materials have a critical temperature above 90 K (−183 °C). Such a high transition temperature is theoretically impossible for a conventional superconductor, leading the materials to be termed high-temperature superconductors. Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 K, and superconduction at higher temperatures than this facilitates many experiments and applications that are less practical at lower temperatures.
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