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PDF only
PDF only

... Gas electron multipliers (GEMs) [2], TGEMs [3], Micromegas [4], and Bulk Micromegas [5], have evolved over the last 20 years and are now routinely used within large volume targets due to their high spatial resolution, small thermal mass and physical size, low radioimpurity concentration and flexible ...
Electronic, thermoelectric and optical properties of vanadium oxides
Electronic, thermoelectric and optical properties of vanadium oxides

Local Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy with Giant
Local Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy with Giant

... Pierre-Andre Guitard. Local Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy with Giant Magnetoresistive Sensors. Medical Physics [physics.med-ph]. Université Paris-Saclay, 2015. English. . ...
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Subject: Electromagnetic Fields

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Photomagnetism and Multifunctionality in Spin

Crystallographic Anisotropy Control of n-type Bi-Te
Crystallographic Anisotropy Control of n-type Bi-Te

... orientation, the original crystallographic anisotropy disappears in the sintered polycrystalline materials and their figure-of-merit becomes lower than that of the single crystal. In order to attain higher strength and crystallographic anisotropy at the same time, it is important to exploit a new met ...
Ductile fracture
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... Blue Brittleness: Low-carbon steels exhibit two types of aging which causes an increase in transition temperature: quench aging & strain aging. Strain aging is the slow increase in hardness in steels finished by cold work (mainly cold rolling). Blue brittleness is attributed to strain aging caused b ...
(131904) Topic: Fracture of Metal Temperature Embrittlement
(131904) Topic: Fracture of Metal Temperature Embrittlement

Mutual Inductance Calculation of Movable Planar Coils on Parallel
Mutual Inductance Calculation of Movable Planar Coils on Parallel

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Electric Fields and Enzyme Catalysis

... regained thermodynamic plausibility when Jencks (22) proposed the Circe effect: The enzyme could selectively destabilize the substrate’s reactive region while still exercising favorable binding interactions to distal regions of the substrate that do not participate in chemistry. This hypothesis is c ...
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Electromagnetic Field Measurements: EMF Full Report—September

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Design, Fabrication and Characterization of a Suspended Heterostructure Vincent Louis Philippe Leduc

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PDF - 3.9MB - MIT OpenCourseWare

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Assessment of EM Exposure of Energy-Saving Bulbs

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Ion Power Balance in Neutral Beam Heated Discharges on the NSTX

... readers for this dissertation. Their corrections and suggestions helped shape this into a much stronger thesis. I also want to thank Stan Kaye for his help with TRANSP, as well as his comments and help in strengthening my arguments. I would also like to thank Lane Roquemore, Doug Labrie, Vlad Soukha ...
Whistler intensities above thunderstorms
Whistler intensities above thunderstorms

... CG discharges. The in-cloud to CG occurrence ratio at ∼ 50◦ latitude computed from an empirical relationship derived by Prentice and Mackerras (1977) is 2.3:1. The intensities of incloud lightning are relatively weaker than those of CG lightning (Betz et al., 2009). As for lightning used in our stud ...
Magnetization reversal in magnetic films
Magnetization reversal in magnetic films

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ring current - Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics

... less than 1 keV) have been observed over a limited region centered around 77° magnetic latitude and noon (see following figure). Such particles on newly-merged field lines flow down towards the earth, mirror there, and then return to find themselves on a field line sweeping back towards the tail. Th ...
The thermal conductivity of high purity vanadium
The thermal conductivity of high purity vanadium

... Vanadium was first discovered by M. del Rio in I8OI; however, his dis­ covery was misinterpreted as impure chromium. ...
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MCW 0406 AT - Precision Precision Wide Terminal Thin

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Introduction to Technical Mathematics

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Superconductivity



Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. It was discovered by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It is characterized by the Meissner effect, the complete ejection of magnetic field lines from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting state. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity in classical physics.The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as temperature is lowered. In ordinary conductors, such as copper or silver, this decrease is limited by impurities and other defects. Even near absolute zero, a real sample of a normal conductor shows some resistance. In a superconductor, the resistance drops abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below its critical temperature. An electric current flowing through a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source.In 1986, it was discovered that some cuprate-perovskite ceramic materials have a critical temperature above 90 K (−183 °C). Such a high transition temperature is theoretically impossible for a conventional superconductor, leading the materials to be termed high-temperature superconductors. Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 K, and superconduction at higher temperatures than this facilitates many experiments and applications that are less practical at lower temperatures.
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